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TYNDALE (or TINDALE), WILLIAM (c. 149...

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Originally appearing in Volume V27, Page 499 of the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica.
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TYNDALE (or TINDALE), See also:WILLIAM (c. 1492-1536)  , translator of the New Testament and See also:Pentateuch (see See also:BIBLE, See also:ENGLISH), was See also:born on the Welsh border, probably in See also:Gloucestershire, some See also:time between 1490 and 1495 . In See also:Easter See also:term 1510 he went to See also:Oxford, where See also:Foxe says he was entered of Magdalen See also:Hall . He took his M.A. degree in 1515 and removed to See also:Cam-See also:bridge, where See also:Erasmus had helped to establish a reputation for See also:Greek and See also:theology . Ordained to the priesthood, probably towards the See also:close of 1521, he entered the See also:household of See also:Sir See also:John See also:Walsh, Old Sodbury, Gloucestershire, as See also:chaplain and domestic See also:tutor . Here he lived for two years, using his leisure in See also:preaching in the villages and at See also:Bristol, conduct which brought him into collision with the backward See also:clergy of the See also:district, and led to his being summoned before the See also:chancellor of See also:Worcester (See also:William of See also:Malvern) as a suspected heretic; but he was allowed to depart without receiving censure or giving any undertaking . But the persecution of the clergy led him to seek an antidote for what he' regarded as the corruption of the See also:Church, and he re-solved to translate the New Testament into the See also:vernacular . In this he hoped to get help from See also:Cuthbert See also:Tunstall, See also:bishop of See also:London, and so " with the See also:good will of his See also:master " he See also:left See also:Gloucester in the summer of 1523 . Tunstall disappointed him, so he got employment as a preacher at St See also:Dunstan's-inthe-See also:West, and worked at his See also:translation, living as chaplain in the See also:house of See also:Humphrey See also:Monmouth, an See also:alderman, and forming a See also:firm friendship with John See also:Frith; but finding publication impossible in See also:England, he sailed for See also:Hamburg in May 1524• After visiting See also:Luther at See also:Wittenberg, he settled with his See also:amanuensis William See also:Roy in See also:Cologne, where he had made some progress in See also:printing a 4t0 edition of his New Testament, when the See also:work was discovered by John See also:Cochlaeus, See also:dean at Frankfurt, who not only got the See also:senate of Cologne to See also:interdict further printing, but warned See also:Henry VIII. and See also:Wolsey to See also:watch the English ports . See also:Tyndale and Roy escaped with their sheets to See also:Worms, where the 8vo edition was completed in 1526 . Copies were smuggled into England but were suppressed by the bishops, and William See also:Warham, See also:archbishop of See also:Canterbury, even bought up copies on the See also:Continent to destroy them . At-tempts were made to seize Tyndale at Worms, but he found See also:refuge at See also:Marburg with See also:Philip, See also:landgrave of See also:Hesse . There he probably met See also:Patrick See also:Hamilton, and was joined by John Frith .

About this time he changed his views on the See also:

Eucharist and swung clean over from See also:transubstantiation to the advanced Zwinglian position . His See also:Parable of the Wicked See also:Mammon (1528), Obedience of a Christen See also:Man (1528), in which the two See also:great principles of the English See also:Reformation are set out, viz, the authority of Scripture in the Church and the supremacy of the See also:king in the See also:state, and Practyse of Prelates (1530), a strong See also:indictment of the See also:Roman Church and also of Henry VIII.'s See also:divorce proceedings, were all printed at' Marburg . In 1529 on his way to Hamburg he was wrecked on the Dutch See also:coast, and lost his newly completed translation of See also:Deuteronomy . Later in the See also:year he went to See also:Antwerp where he conducted his See also:share of the classic controversy with Sir See also:Thomas More . After Henry VIII.'s See also:change of attitude towards 'See also:Rome, See also:Stephen See also:Vaughan, the English See also:envoy to the See also:Netherlands, suggested Tyndale's return, but the reformer feared ecclesiastical hostility and declined . Henry then demanded his surrender from the See also:emperor as one who was spreading See also:sedition in England, and Tyndale left Antwerp for two years, returning in 1533 and busying himself with revising his See also:translations . In May 1535 he was betrayed by Henry See also:Phillips, to whom he had shown much kindness, as a professing student of the new faith . The imperial See also:officers imprisoned him at See also:Vilvorde See also:Castle, the state See also:prison, 6 m. from See also:Brussels, where in spite of the great efforts of the English merchants and the See also:appeal of Thomas See also:Cromwell to Archbishop Carandolet, See also:president of the See also:council, and to the See also:governor of the castle, he was tried for See also:heresy and condemned . On the 6th of See also:October 1536 he was strangled at the stake and his See also:body afterwards burnt . Though See also:long an See also:exile from his native See also:land, Tyndale was one of the greatest forces of the English Reformation . His writings show See also:sound scholarship and high See also:literary See also:power, while they helped to shape the thought of the Puritan party in England . His translation of the Bible was so sure and happy that it formed the basis of subsequent renderings, especially that of the authorized version of 1611 .

Besides the New Testament, the Pentateuch and See also:

Jonah, it is believed that he finished in prison the See also:section of the Old Testament extending from See also:Joshua to See also:Chronicles . Beside the See also:works already named Tyndale wrote A See also:Prologue on the See also:Epistle to the See also:Romans (1526), An Exposition of the 1st Epistle of John (1531), An Exposition of See also:Matthew v.–vii . (1532), a See also:treatise on the sacraments (1533), and possibly another (no longer extant) on See also:matrimony (1529) . The works of Tyndale were first published along with those of John Frith (q.v.) and See also:Robert See also:Barnes, " three worthy martyrs and See also:principal teachers of the Church of England," by John See also:Day, in 1573 (See also:folio) . A new edition of the works of Tyndale and Frith, by T . See also:Russell, was published at London (1828-1831) . His Doctrinal See also:Treatises and Introductions to Different Portions of the See also:Holy Scripture were published by the See also:Parker Society in 1848 . For See also:biography, see Foxe's Acts and Monuments; R . Demaus, William Tyndale (London, 1871); also the Introduction to Mombert's See also:critical reprint of Tyndale's Pentateuch (New See also:York, 1884), where a bibliography is given .

End of Article: TYNDALE (or TINDALE), WILLIAM (c. 1492-1536)
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