TYPEWRITER  , a See also:

• WRITING
• WRITING (the verbal noun of " to write," O. Eng. writan, to inscribe)

writing See also:

• MACHINE
• MACHINE (through Fr. from Lat. form machina of Gr. µnxavil)

machine which produces characters resembling those of See also:

• ORDINARY (med. Lat. ordinarius, Fr. ordinaire)

ordinary letterpress; the See also:

• TERM

term is also applied to the operator who See also:

• WORKS

works such See also:

• MACHINES

machines . In 1714 a See also:

• BRITISH

British patent was granted to See also:

• HENRY
• HENRY (1129-1195)
• HENRY (c. 1108-1139)
• HENRY (c. 1174–1216)
• HENRY (Fr. Henri; Span. Enrique; Ger. Heinrich; Mid. H. Ger. Heinrich and Heimrich; O.H.G. Haimi- or Heimirih, i.e. " prince, or chief of the house," from O.H.G. heim, the Eng. home, and rih, Goth. reiks; compare Lat. rex " king "—" rich," therefore " mig
• HENRY, EDWARD LAMSON (1841– )
• HENRY, JAMES (1798-1876)
• HENRY, JOSEPH (1797-1878)
• HENRY, MATTHEW (1662-1714)
• HENRY, PATRICK (1736–1799)
• HENRY, PRINCE OF BATTENBERG (1858-1896)
• HENRY, ROBERT (1718-1790)
• HENRY, VICTOR (1850– )
• HENRY, WILLIAM (1795-1836)

Henry See also:

• MILL
• MILL (O. Eng. mylen, later myln, or miln, adapted from the late Lat. molina, cf. Fr. moulin, from Lat. mola, a mill, molere, to grind; from the same root, mol, is derived " meal;" the word appears in other Teutonic languages, cf. Du. molen, Ger. muhle)
• MILL, JAMES (1773-1836)
• MILL, JOHN (c. 1645–1707)
• MILL, JOHN STUART (1806-1873)

Mill, who claimed that he had brought his invention to perfection at See also:

• GREAT

great pains and expense, for " An Artificial Machine or Method for the Impressing or Transcribing Letters, Singly or Progressively one after another as in Writing, whereby all Writing whatever may be Engrossed in See also:

• PAPER
• PAPER (Fr. papier, from Lat. papyrus)

Paper or See also:

• PARCHMENT

Parchment so Neat and Exact as not to be distinguished from See also:

• PRINT

Print "; but beyond the See also:

• TITLE (0. Fr. title, mod. titre, from Lat. titulus)

title the patent gives no indication of the nature or construction of the machine . In See also:

• AMERICA

America a patent for a " typographer " was obtained by See also:

• WILLIAM
• WILLIAM (1143-1214)
• WILLIAM (1227-1256)
• WILLIAM (1J33-1584)
• WILLIAM (A.S. Wilhelm, O. Norse Vilhidlmr; O. H. Ger. Willahelm, Willahalm, M. H. Ger. Willehelm, Willehalm, Mod.Ger. Wilhelm; Du. Willem; O. Fr. Villalme, Mod. Fr. Guillaume; from " will," Goth. vilja, and " helm," Goth. hilms, Old Norse hidlmr, meaning
• WILLIAM (c. 1130-C. 1190)
• WILLIAM, 13TH

William A . Burt in 1829, but the records of it were destroyed by a See also:

• FIRE (in O. Eng. f j'r; the word is common to West German languages, cf. Dutch vuur, Ger. Feuer; the pre-Teutonic form is seen in Sanskrit pu, pavaka, and Gr. irup; the ultimate origin is usually taken to be a root meaning to purify, cf. Lat. purus)

fire at See also:

• WASHINGTON
• WASHINGTON (or WASHINGTON COURT HOUSE)
• WASHINGTON, BOOKER TALIAFERRO (c. 1859– )
• WASHINGTON, BUSHROD (1762-1829)
• WASHINGTON, GEORGE (1732-1799)

Washington in 1836 . The " typo-graphic machine or See also:

• PEN (Lat. penna, a feather, pen)

pen " patented by X . Progrin, of See also:

• MARSEILLES

Marseilles, in 1833, was on the type-See also:

• BAR
• BAR (0. Fr. barre, Late Lat. barra, origin unknown)
• BAR, CONFEDERATION OF
• BAR, FRANCOIS DE (1538-1606)
• BAR, THE

bar principle, and at the See also:

• YORK
• YORK (HOUSE OF)
• YORK, EDMUND OF LANGLEY, DUKE OF (1341-1402)
• YORK, EDWARD
• YORK, FREDERICK AUGUSTUS, DUKE OF (1763-1827)
• YORK, RICHARD, DUKE

York See also:

• MEETING (from " to meet," to come together, assemble, 0. Eng. metals ; cf. Du. moeten, Swed. mota, Goth. gamotjan, &c., derivatives of the Teut. word for a meeting, seen in O. Eng. Wit, moot, an assembly of the people; cf. witanagemot)

meeting of the British Association in 1844 a Mr Littledale showed an apparatus for the use of the See also:

• BLIND, MATHILDE (1841—1896)

blind, by which the impression of a type selected from a See also:

• SERIES (a Latin word from serere, to join)

series contained in a slide could be embossed on a See also:

• SHEET

sheet of paper . In the " chirographer," for which See also:

• AMERICAN

American See also:

• PATENTS

patents were granted to See also:

• CHARLES
• CHARLES (1270-1325)
• CHARLES (1421-1461)
• CHARLES (1525-1574)
• CHARLES (c. 1319-1364)
• CHARLES (Fr. Charles; Span. Carlos; Ital. Carlo; Ger. Karl; derived from O.H.G. Charal,latinized as Carolus, meaning originally " man ": cf. Mod.Ger., Kerl," fellow," A.S. ceorl, Mod. Eng. " churl ")
• CHARLES (KARL EITEL ZEPHYRIN LUDWIG; in Rum. CAROL)
• CHARLES [KARL ALEXANDER] (1712-1780)
• CHARLES, ELIZABETH (1828-1896)
• CHARLES, JACQUES ALEXANDRE CESAR (1746-1823)
• CHARLES, THOMAS (1755-1814)

Charles Thurber in 1843 and 1845, a See also:

• HORIZONTAL

horizontal See also:

• WHEEL (0. Eng. hweol, hweohl, &c., cognate with Icel. hjol, Dan. hiul, the Indo-European root is seen in Sanskrit chakra, Gr. r in Aos, circle, whence " cycle ")
• WHEEL, BREAKING ON THE

wheel carried in its periphery a series of rods each bearing a See also:

• LETTER (through Fr. lettre from Lat. littera or litera, letter of the alphabet; the origin of the Latin word is obscure; it has probably no connexion with the root of linere, to smear, i.e. with wax, for an inscription with a stilus)

letter, the wheel being rotated till the required type was over the See also:

• PRINTING (from Lat. imprimere, O. Fr. empreindre)

printing point . The Great See also:

• EXHIBITION

Exhibition of 1851 contained a machine patented by See also:

• PIERRE

Pierre See also:

• FOUCAULT, JEAN BERNARD LEON (1819—1868)

Foucault, of See also:

• PARIS
• PARIS (also called ALEXANDROS)
• PARIS, ALEXIS PAULIN (1800-x881)
• PARIS, BRUNO PAULIN GASTON (1839-1903)
• PARIS, FRANCOIS DE (169o-1727)
• PARIS, LOUIS PHILIPPE ALBERT
• PARIS, TREATIES OF (1814-1815)

Paris, in 1849, in which a series of rods with type at their ends could be pushed down to emboss paper at the printing point to which they were arranged radially; and there was in addition the " typograph " of William See also:

• HUGHES, DAVID EDWARD (1831-1900)
• HUGHES, HUGH PRICE (1847-19o2)
• HUGHES, JOHN (1677-1720)
• HUGHES, JOHN (1797-1864)
• HUGHES, SIR EDWARD (c. 1720-1794)
• HUGHES, THOMAS
• HUGHES, THOMAS (1822-1896)

Hughes, which was also intended for See also:

• EMBOSSING

embossing, though it was subsequently modified to give an impression through See also:

• CARBON (symbol C, atomic weight 12)

carbon paper . Between 1847 and 1856 See also:

• ALFRED

Alfred E . See also:

• BEACH

Beach in America, and between 1855 and 186o See also:

• SIR

Sir Charles See also:

• WHEATSTONE, SIR CHARLES (1802–1875)

Wheatstone in See also:

• ENGLAND
• ENGLAND, THE CHURCH OF

England, constructed several typewriters, and in 1857 Dr S . W . See also:

• FRANCIS
• FRANCIS (FRarrcols) OF SALES, ST (1567-1622)
• FRANCIS (Lat. Franciscus, Ital. Francesco, Span. Francisco, Fr. Francois, Ger. Franz)
• FRANCIS, SIR PHILIP (174o-1818)

Francis, of New York, made one with a See also:

• PIANOFORTE (Ital. piano, soft, and forte, loud)

pianoforte See also:

• KEYBOARD, or MANUAL (Fr. clavier; Ger. Klaviatur; Ital. tastatura)

keyboard and type bars arranged in a circle .

In 1866 See also:

• JOHN
• JOHN (1167–1216)
• JOHN (1290-c. 1320)
• JOHN (1296-1346)
• JOHN (1371–1419)
• JOHN (1468-1532)
• JOHN (1801-1873)
• JOHN (Heb. llni')
• JOHN (ZAPOLYA) (1487-1540)
• JOHN, 4TH MARQUESS OF TWEEDDALE (c. 1695-1762)
• JOHN, DON (1545-1578)
• JOHN, DON (1629–1679)
• JOHN, GOSPEL OF ST
• JOHN, or HAYS (1513–1571)
• JOHN, THE APOSTLE
• JOHN, THE EPISTLES OF

John See also:

• PRATT, ORSON (1811–1881)

Pratt, an American living in See also:

• LONDON

London, patented a machine having 36 types mounted in three rows on a type wheel, the rotation of which brought the required See also:

• CHARACTER (Gr. xapareri7p, from xap&crew, to scratch)

character opposite the printing point, when the paper with a carbon sheet intervening was pressed against it by a See also:

• HAMMER, FRIEDRICH JULIUS (1810-1862)

hammer worked by the keys . Two years later an American patent was taken out by C . L . Sholes and C . Glidden, and in 1875, after effecting various improvements, they finally placed the manufacture of their machines in the hands of Messrs E . See also:

• REMINGTON, FREDERICK (1861-1909)

Remington & Sons, See also:

• GUN

gun-makers, of See also:

• ILION

Ilion, New York . The Remington machines worked on the type-bar principle, but at first each of the 44 bars carried only a single character, so that the writing was in capitals only . But in 1878 type-bars with two types were introduced, so that a machine with 40 keys, two being See also:

• CHANGE (derived through the Fr. from the Late Lat. cambium, cambiare, to barter; the ultimate derivation is probably from the root which appears in the Gr. «a urmu', to bend)

change-See also:

• CASE
• CASE, JOHN (d. 1600)

case keys, could print 76 characters, with both See also:

• CAPITAL (i.e. capital stock or fund)
• CAPITAL (Lat. caput, head)

capital and small letters . The great See also:

• MAJORITY (Fr. majorite; Med. Lat. majoritas; Lat. major, greater)

majority of See also:

• MODERN

modern typewriters are worked from a keyboard; the few that are not, known as See also:

• INDEX

index machines, will be disregarded here, for although they are much less expensive in first cost than the others, they scarcely come into competition as See also:

• PRACTICAL

practical See also:

• INSTRUMENTS

instruments, on See also:

• ACCOUNT
• ACCOUNT (through O. Fr. acont, Late Lat. comptum, cornputare, to calculate)

account of their slowness . See also:

• KEY
• KEY (in O. Eng. tang; the ultimate origin of the word is unknown; it appears only in Old Frisian kei of other Teutonic languages; until the end of the 17th century the pronunciation was kay, as in other words in O. Eng. ending in aeg; cf. daeg, day; clang
• KEY (the phraseograms being indicated by hyphens)
• KEY, SIR ASTLEY COOPER (1821-1888)
• KEY, THOMAS HEWITT (1799-1875)

Key-See also:

• BOARD (O. Eng. bord)

board machines fall into two classes, according as the types which make the impressions are (a) carried at the end of levers or type-bars which strike the paper when the keys are depressed, or (b) are arranged See also:

• ROUND (O. Fr. rond, Lat. rotundus, the Fr. is the source also of Du. rond; Ger., Swed., Dan. and Nor. rond)

round the circumference of a wheel, or segment, which is rotated by the See also:

• ACTION

action of the keys until the corresponding type is brought opposite the printing point . The former of these arrangements is the more See also:

• COMMON

common . Another point of difference is in the inking See also:

• DEVICE

device; in some cases, the type is inked by means of an See also:

• INK (from Late Lat. encaustum, Gr. gysavorov, the purple ink used by Greek and Roman emperors, from iyKaiew, to burn in)

ink-See also:

• PAD

pad before being brought down on the paper to make the impression, but more frequently an inked ribbon is See also:

• DRAWN

drawn along by the action of the machine between the type-See also:

• FACE (from Lat. fades, derived either from facere, to make, or from a root fa-, meaning " appear "; cf. Gr. cbatvstv)

face and the paper .

Sometimes this ribbon is inked in two See also:

• COLOURS, MILITARY

colours, enabling the operator, by bringing the appropriate portion opposite the type-face, to write, say, in See also:

• BLACK
• BLACK, ADAM (1784-1874)
• BLACK, JEREMIAH SULLIVAN (1810–1883)
• BLACK, WILLIAM (1841-1898)

black and red at will . A third basis of See also:

• CLASSIFICATION (Lat. classis, a class, probably from the root cal-, cla-, as in Gr. icaMce, clamor)

classification may be found in the arrangement of the keyboard . In some machines there is one key for each character, in others each key does See also:

• DUTY (from " due," that which is owing, O. Fr. deu, dil, past participle of devoir; Lat. debere, debitum; cf. " debt ")

duty 502 for two or more characters . For example, in the former class there is one key for the capital A and another for the small a, the keys being arranged in two See also:

• BANKS, GEORGE LINNAEUS (1821-1881)
• BANKS, NATHANIEL PRENTISS (1816–1894)
• BANKS, SIR JOSEPH
• BANKS, THOMAS (1735-1805)

banks corresponding to the upper and See also:

• LOWER

lower cases of a printer's type-case; in the latter, one key is capable of striking both the small and the capital letter, and it does one or other according as a subsidiary key is or is not brought into simultaneous use with it . In type-bar machines designed on this See also:

• PLAN
• PLAN (from Lat. planes, flat)

plan, each bar carries two or more letters (cf. fig . 1) . This See also:

• FORM (Lat. forma)

form of keyboard is also applied to type-wheel machines . Though there are numberless See also:

• DIFFERENCES, CALCULUS OF (Theory of Finite Differences)

differences in detail, all type- writers, apart from the index machines, See also:

• BEAR
• BEAR, BLACK
• BEAR, BROWN
• BEAR, GRIZZLY
• BEAR, ISABELLINE
• BEAR, WHITE

bear a See also:

• GENERAL
• GENERAL (Lat. generalis, of or relating to a genus, kind or class)

general resem- blance to each other in their me- chanical arrangements . The really essential operations may be reduced to two; the machine must print a letter when a key is struck, and it must have a device by which the paper may be moved a See also:

• SHORT, FRANCIS JOB (1857– )

short distance to the See also:

• LEFT

left with each stroke in See also:

• ORDER
• ORDER (through Fr. ordre, for earlier ordene, from Lat. ordo, ordinis, rank, service, arrangement; the ultimate source is generally taken to be the root seen in Lat. oriri, rise, arise, begin; cf. " origin ")
• ORDER, HOLY

order that the letters may be printed separately, not one on See also:

• TOP (cf. Dan. top, Ger. Topf, also meaning pot)

top of the other . Of the many subsidiary appliances that are fitted —a See also:

• BELL
• BELL, ALEXANDER MELVILLE (1819—1905)
• BELL, ANDREW (1753—1832)
• BELL, GEORGE JOSEPH (1770-1843)
• BELL, HENRY (1767-1830)
• BELL, HENRY GLASSFORD (1803-1874)
• BELL, JACOB (1810-1859)
• BELL, JOHN (1691-178o)
• BELL, JOHN (1763-1820)
• BELL, JOHN (1797-1869)
• BELL, ROBERT (1800-1867)
• BELL, SIR CHARLES (1774—1842)

bell to warn the operator that he is approaching the end of a See also:

• LINE

line, a See also:

• LOCK (from the O. Eng. loc.; the word appears, in different forms, in many Teutonic languages, but with such various meanings as " hole," Ger. Loch, " lid," Swed. lock, &c.; probably the original was a root meaning " to enclose ")
• LOCK, MATTHIAS

lock to prevent the machine from working after the end of the line has been passed, attachments for facilitating insertion of fresh paper, corrections, and tabulation, &c.—some are certainly of advan- tage, but others are more useful to the manufacturer in See also:

• DRAWING

drawing up his advertisements than to the See also:

• EXPERT (Lat. expertus, from experiri, to try)

expert operator, whose first care often is to disconnect them from " visible writing," which is some- times put forward as a recommendation of extraordinary importance; doubtless the novice who is learning the keyboard finds a natural See also:

• SATISFACTION (Lat. salisfacerc, to satisfy)

satisfaction in being able to see at a glance that he has struck the key he was aiming at, but to the practised operator it is not a See also:

• MATTER

matter of great moment whether the writing is always in view or whether it is only to be seen by moving the See also:

• CARRIAGE

carriage, for he should as little need to test the accuracy of his performance by See also:

• CONSTANT, BENJAMIN (1845-1902)

constant inspec- tion as the piano-player needs to look at the notes to discover whether he has struck the right ones . The one important desid- eratum, without which no type- writer can produce See also:

• WORK

work of satisfactory See also:

• APPEARANCE (from Lat. apparere, to appear)

appearance, is ac- curacy of See also:

• ALIGNMENT (from Fr. d and ligne, the Lat. Linea, a line)

alignment . For the attainment of this the use of type-bars has given wide See also:

• SCOPE (through Ital. scopo, aim, purpose, intent, from Gr. o'KOaos, mark to shoot at, aim, o ic07reiv, to see, whence the termination in telescope, microscope, &c.)

scope to the ingenuity of inventors, who have been confronted with the problem of making a See also:

• SYSTEM

system of levers at once strong, rigid Machine. them on See also:

• BEARINGS

bearings which are steady and adjustable for See also:

• WEAR

wear in conditions where space is much restricted .

In the See also:

• OLIVER, ISAAC (c. 1566--1617)
• OLIVER, PETER (1594-1648)

Oliver machine the type-bar is of the form shown in fig. r, to secure stiffness and a See also:

• DOUBLE
• DOUBLE (from the Mid. Eng. duble, the form which gives the present pronunciation, through the Old Er. duble, from Lat. duplus, twice as much)

double bearing . In the Bar-Lock, the type-bars are arranged three in one hanger, so that each has a bearingthree times as wide as would be possible in the same space if each had a hanger to itself (fig . 2) ; in addition the wear of the pivots can be taken up by the screws seen on the right of the bearings, and as a further P precaution each type-bar is locked at the printing point by falling between a pair of conical pins, which centre it exactly in the required See also:

• PLACE (through Fr. from Lat. platea, street; Gr. IrAar6s, wide)

place . In the Yost and the See also:

• EMPIRE

Empire the type-bars pass through guides . The centre See also:

• GUIDE (in Mid. Eng. gyde, from the Fr. guide; the earlier French form was guie, English " guy," the d was due to the Italian form guida; the ultimate origin is probably Teutonic, the word being connected with the base seen in O. Eng. witan, to know)

guide of the former is shown at G in fig . 3, the type being just about to strike the paper . Pressure on one of the keys works the See also:

• LEVER (through O. Fr. leveour, levere, mod. levier, from Lat. levare, to lift, raise)
• LEVER, CHARLES JAMES (1806-1872)

lever and pushes up the FIG . 3 — Central connecting-See also:

• ROD (O.E. rodd, probably related to Norw. rudda, stick, rodda, stake)
• ROD, EDOUARD (1857-1910)

rod C, when the type leaves Guide and Type-bar of the ink-pad P and passes through the Yost Machine . guide, which is slightly bevelled so as to guide it exactly to the printing point . In the See also:

• SMITH
• SMITH, ADAM (1723–1790)
• SMITH, ALEXANDER (183o-1867)
• SMITH, ANDREW JACKSON (1815-1897)
• SMITH, CHARLES EMORY (1842–1908)
• SMITH, CHARLES FERGUSON (1807–1862)
• SMITH, CHARLOTTE (1749-1806)
• SMITH, COLVIN (1795—1875)
• SMITH, EDMUND KIRBY (1824-1893)
• SMITH, G
• SMITH, GEORGE (1789-1846)
• SMITH, GEORGE (184o-1876)
• SMITH, GEORGE ADAM (1856- )
• SMITH, GERRIT (1797–1874)
• SMITH, GOLDWIN (1823-191o)
• SMITH, HENRY BOYNTON (1815-1877)
• SMITH, HENRY JOHN STEPHEN (1826-1883)
• SMITH, HENRY PRESERVED (1847– )
• SMITH, JAMES (1775–1839)
• SMITH, JOHN (1579-1631)
• SMITH, JOHN RAPHAEL (1752–1812)
• SMITH, JOSEPH, JR
• SMITH, MORGAN LEWIS (1822–1874)
• SMITH, RICHARD BAIRD (1818-1861)
• SMITH, ROBERT (1689-1768)
• SMITH, SIR HENRY GEORGE WAKELYN
• SMITH, SIR THOMAS (1513-1577)
• SMITH, SIR WILLIAM (1813-1893)
• SMITH, SIR WILLIAM SIDNEY (1764-1840)
• SMITH, SYDNEY (1771-1845)
• SMITH, THOMAS SOUTHWOOD (1788-1861)
• SMITH, WILLIAM (1769-1839)
• SMITH, WILLIAM (c. 1730-1819)
• SMITH, WILLIAM (fl. 1596)
• SMITH, WILLIAM FARRAR (1824—1903)
• SMITH, WILLIAM HENRY (1808—1872)
• SMITH, WILLIAM HENRY (1825—1891)
• SMITH, WILLIAM ROBERTSON (1846-'894)

Smith Premier the shafts upon which the type- bars See also:

• SWING, DAVID (1830-1894)

swing are mounted tangentially on the See also:

• RING (O.E. hring; a word common to Teutonic languages; and probably cognate with the Lat. circus, Gr. KtpKOS or KpLKOS, Skt'. chakra, wheel, circle, cf. also " harangue "); in art, a band of circular shape of varying sizes, made of any material and used f

ring (fig . 4), so that See also:

• LONG, GEORGE (1800-1879)
• LONG, JOHN DAVIS (1838– )

long supporting bearings are obtained, while the shortness of the type-bars themselves renders it possible to make them very stiff . The rocking-See also:

• SHAFT
• SHAFT (O. Eng., sceaft, from scafan, to shave; the word is common to Teutonic languages)

shaft mechan- ism a (fig .

5), by which the See also:

• POWER [WILLIAM GRATTAN] TYRONE (1797-1841)

power is transmitted from the keys to the type-bars, admits of each key having the same leverage and tends to uniformity of See also:

• TOUCH (derived through Fr. toucher from a common Teutonic and Indo-Germanic root, cf. " tug," " tuck," O. H. Ger. zucchen, to twitch or draw)

touch . This last quality is also aimed at by inter-posing an intermediate parallel bar between the key levers and the type-bar, as in the New See also:

• CENTURY (from Lat. centuria, a division of a hundred men)

Century Caligraph . In the See also:

• DENS, PETER (1690-1775)

Dens-more the See also:

• FRICTION (from Lat. fricare, to rub)

friction of the movements is minimized by the employment of See also:

• BALL (in Mid. Eng. bal; the word is probably cognate with " bale," Teutonic in origin, cf. also Lat. falls, and Gr. 7raXXa)
• BALL, JOHN (1585-1640)
• BALL, JOHN (1818-1889)
• BALL, JOHN (d. 1381)
• BALL, SIR ALEXANDER JOHN, BART
• BALL, THOMAS (1819- )

ball bearings for the type-bar pivots . See also:

• ELECTRICAL
• ELECTRICAL (or ELECTROSTATIC) MACHINE

Electrical type-writers, in which the depression of a key does not 1 work a type-bar directly, but merely closes a See also:

• CIRCUIT (Lat. circuitus, from circum, round, and ire, to go)

circuit that energizes an electro- magnet, have been sug- FIG, 5.-Rocking-shaft Mechanism of gested as a means of Smith Premier . obtaining uniformity of I, Key with See also:

• STEM (O. Eng. staefn, stemn, cf. Du. stain, Ger. Stamm, &c., probably related to " staff ")

stem . 2, Rocking shaft . touch combined with ease 3, Connectingrod . 4 . TYPe;bar, and rapidity, but have not as yet displaced the A and B, Conical bearings, If, in. apart. ordinary machines to any extent . One See also:

• SPECIAL

special form of typewriter, the See also:

• ELLIOTT, EBENEZER (1781–1849)

Elliott-See also:

• FISHER
• FISHER, ALVAN (1792–1863)
• FISHER, GEORGE PARK (1827-1909)
• FISHER, JOHN (c. 1469-1535)
• FISHER, JOHN ARBUTHNOT FISHER, 1ST BARON

Fisher, is designed to write in a See also:

• BOOK

book such as a See also:

• LEDGER (from the English dialect forms liggen or leggen, to lie or lay; in sense adapted from the Dutch substantive logger)

ledger . One See also:

• LEAF (O. Eng. leaf, cf. Dutch loof, Ger. Laub, Swed. lof, &c.; possibly to be referred to the root seen in Gr. Ma-eta, to peel, strip)

leaf is clamped between the platen and an open See also:

• FRAME

frame which holds the paper smoothly . The operative parts slide on this frame, and move up and down the See also:

• PAGE
• PAGE, THOMAS NELSON (1853- )
• PAGE, WILLIAM (1811-1885)

page so as to space the lines properly, the keyboard, with the type-bars, ribbon, &c., travelling step by step across the page .

An adding device may be combined with this machine . Machine .