See also:TYRE (Phoen. and Hebr. =" See also:rock," Assyr. S'urru, See also:Egypt. Dara, See also:Early See also:Lat. Sarra)
, the most famous See also:city of See also:Phoenicia
.
It is now represented by the See also:petty See also:town of Sur (about 5,000 inhabitants), built See also:round the See also:harbour at the See also:north end of a See also:peninsula, which till the See also:- TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
- TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
- TIME, STANDARD
time of See also:Alexander's See also:siege was an See also:island, without See also:water or vegetation
.
The See also:mole which he constructed has been widened by deposits of See also:sand, so that the See also:ancient island is now connected with the mainland by a See also:tongue of See also:land a See also:quarter of a mile broad
.
The greatest length of the former island, from north to See also:south, is about m. and its See also:area about 142 acres
.
The researches of See also:Renan have refuted the once popular See also:idea that a See also:great See also:part of the See also:original island has disappeared by natural See also:convulsions, though he believes that the remains of a submerged See also:wall at the south end indicate that about 15 additional acres were once reclaimed and have been again lost
.
On this narrow site See also:Tyre was built; its 25,000 inhabitants were crowded into many-storeyed houses loftier than those of See also:Rome; and yet See also:place was found not only for the great See also:temple of Melqarth with its courts, but for docks and warehouses, and for the See also:purple factories, which in See also:Roman times made the town an unpleasant place of See also:residence (See also:Strabo xvi
.
2, 23)
.
In the Roman See also:period the See also:population occupied a See also:strip of the opposite mainland, including Palaetyrus
.
See also:Pliny (Nat
.
Hist. v
.
19) gives to the whole city, See also:continental and insular, a See also:compass of 19 Roman See also:miles; but this See also:account must be received with caution
.
In Strabo's time the island was still the city, and Palaetyrus on the mainland was distant 30 stadia; See also:modern See also:research, however, indicates an extensive See also:line of suburbs rather than one mainland city that can be identified with Palaetyrus
.
This name was given by the Greeks to the See also:settlement on the See also:coast under the mistaken impression that it was more ancient than that on the island; the Assyr
.
Ushu, frequently mentioned in the Amarna letters, makes it probable that Usu or Uzu was the native name
.
Owing to the paucity of Phoenician remains the See also:topography of the town and its surroundings is still obscure
.
The See also:present harbour is certainly the Sidonian See also:port, though it is not so large as it once was; the other ancient harbour, the See also:Egyptian port, has disappeared, and is supposed by Renan to have lain on the south See also:side of the island, and to be now absorbed in the See also:isthmus
.
The most important ruins are those of the See also:cathedral, with its magnificent columns of See also:rose-coloured See also:granite, now prostrate
.
The present See also:building is assigned by De See also:Vogue to the second See also:half of the 12th See also:century, but the columns may have belonged to the 4th-century See also:- CHURCH
- CHURCH (according to most authorities derived from the Gr. Kvpcaxov [&wµa], " the Lord's [house]," and common to many Teutonic, Slavonic and other languages under various forms—Scottish kirk, Ger. Kirche, Swed. kirka, Dan. kirke, Russ. tserkov, Buig. cerk
- CHURCH, FREDERICK EDWIN (1826-1900)
- CHURCH, GEORGE EARL (1835–1910)
- CHURCH, RICHARD WILLIAM (1815–189o)
- CHURCH, SIR RICHARD (1784–1873)
church of See also:Paulinus (Euseb
.
H.E. x
.
4)
.
The water-See also:supply of ancient Tyre came from the powerful springs of See also:Ras-al 'See also:Ain (see See also:AQUEDUCT) on the mainland, one See also:hour south of the city, where there are still remarkable reservoirs, in connexion with which curious survivals of See also:Adonis See also:worship have been observed by travellers
.
Tyre was still an important city and an almost impregnable fortress under the Arab See also:Empire
.
From 1124 to 1291 it was astronghold of the crusaders, and See also:Saladin himself besieged it in vain
.
After the fall of See also:Acre the Christians deserted the place, which was then destroyed by the Moslems
.
The present town has arisen since the Motawila (Metawila or Mutawileh) occupied the See also:district in 1766
.
The most important references to Tyre in the See also:Bible are 1 See also:Kings v., vii., ix.; Is. See also:xxiii
.
; Am. i
.
9 seq
.
; Ezek. See also:xxvi.—See also:xxviii.; 2 Macc. iv
.
18 sqq
.
; See also:Mark iii
.
8, vii
.
24 sqq
.
; Matt. xi
.
21 seq
.
(and See also:parallels) ; Acts xii
.
20
.
Cf. also See also:Joshua xix
.
29; 2 Sam. See also:xxiv
.
7; See also:Ezra iii
.
7; Neh. xiii
.
16; Ps. xlv
.
12, lxxxiii
.
7, lxxxvii
.
4
.
For the See also:history of Tyre see PHOENICIA
.
See also Renan, See also:Mission de Phenicie (1864) ; Pietschmann, Gesch. der Phonizier (1889), 61—72; F
.
Jeremias, Tyrus bis zur Zeit Nebukadnesars (1891); H
.
Winckler, Altor
.
Forschungen, ii
.
65 sqq
.
; A
.
Socin in See also:Baedeker, See also:Pal. u
.
Syrien
.
(W
.
R
.
S.; G
.
A
.
End of Article: