See also:

• TYRE (Phoen. and Hebr. =" rock," Assyr. S'urru, Egypt. Dara, Early Lat. Sarra)

TYRE (Phoen. and Hebr. =" See also:

• ROCK
• ROCK (O.Fr. rake, Sp. rota, Ital. rocca; possibly from a Lat. form rupica, from rupes, rock)
• ROCK, DANIEL (1799–187t)

rock," Assyr. S'urru, See also:

• EGYPT

Egypt. Dara, See also:

• EARLY
• EARLY, JUBAL ANDERSON (1816-1894)

Early See also:

• LAT

Lat. Sarra)  , the most famous See also:

• CITY (through Fr. cite, from Lat. civitas)

city of See also:

• PHOENICIA

Phoenicia . It is now represented by the See also:

• PETTY, SIR WILLIAM (1623-1687)

petty See also:

• TOWN

town of Sur (about 5,000 inhabitants), built See also:

• ROUND (O. Fr. rond, Lat. rotundus, the Fr. is the source also of Du. rond; Ger., Swed., Dan. and Nor. rond)

round the See also:

• HARBOUR (from M.E. hereberge, here, an army; cf. Ger. Heer and -beorg, protection or shelter. Other early forms in English were herberwe and haiborow, as seen in various place names, such as Market Harborough.. The French auberge, an inn, derived through

harbour at the See also:

• NORTH
• NORTH, BARONS
• NORTH, MARIANNE (1830—1890)
• NORTH, ROGER (1653-1734)
• NORTH, SIR THOMAS (1535?-16o1?)

north end of a See also:

• PENINSULA
• PENINSULA (Lat. paeninsula, from paene, almost, and insula, an island)

peninsula, which till the See also:

• TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
• TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
• TIME, STANDARD

time of See also:

• ALEXANDER
• ALEXANDER (1461-1506)
• ALEXANDER (ALEXANDER OF BATTENBERG) (1857-1893)
• ALEXANDER (ALEXANDER OsxENOVici) (1876-1903)
• ALEXANDER, ARCHIBALD (1772—1851)
• ALEXANDER, FRANCIS (1800—1881)
• ALEXANDER, GEORGE (1858— )
• ALEXANDER, JOHN WHITE (1856- )
• ALEXANDER, JOSEPH ADDISON (18o9—186o)
• ALEXANDER, SIR JAMES EDWARD (1803—1885)
• ALEXANDER, WILLIAM (1824— )
• ALEXANDER, WILLIAM LINDSAY (1808—1884)

Alexander's See also:

• SIEGE (0. Fr. sege, siege, mod. siege, seat, ultimately from sedere, to sit, cf. Class. Lat. obsidium, a siege)

siege was an See also:

• ISLAND (O.E. ieg =isle, +land')

island, without See also:

• WATER

water or vegetation . The See also:

• MOLE
• MOLE, LOUIS MATHIEU, COMTE (1781—1855)
• MOLE, MATHIEU (1584—1656)

mole which he constructed has been widened by deposits of See also:

• SAND
• SAND, GEORGE (1804-1876)

sand, so that the See also:

• ANCIENT
• ANCIENT (also spelt ANTIENT; derived, through the Fr. ancien, old, from the late Lat. antianum, from ante, before)

ancient island is now connected with the mainland by a See also:

• TONGUE (O. Eng. lunge)

tongue of See also:

• LAND

land a See also:

• QUARTER (through Fr. from Lat. quartarius, fourth part)

quarter of a mile broad . The greatest length of the former island, from north to See also:

• SOUTH
• SOUTH, ROBERT (1634–1716)

south, is about m. and its See also:

• AREA

area about 142 acres . The researches of See also:

• RENAN, ERNEST (1823-1892)

Renan have refuted the once popular See also:

• IDEA (Gr. Ibia, connected with i&eiv, to see; cf. Lat. species from specere, to look at)

idea that a See also:

• GREAT

great See also:

• PART

part of the See also:

• ORIGINAL

original island has disappeared by natural See also:

• CONVULSIONS

convulsions, though he believes that the remains of a submerged See also:

• WALL (O. Eng. weal, weall, Mid. Eng. wal, wane, adapted from Lat. vallum, rampart; the original O. Eng. word for a wall was wag or tenth)
• WALL, RICHARD (1694-1778)

wall at the south end indicate that about 15 additional acres were once reclaimed and have been again lost . On this narrow site See also:

• TYRE (Phoen. and Hebr. =" rock," Assyr. S'urru, Egypt. Dara, Early Lat. Sarra)

Tyre was built; its 25,000 inhabitants were crowded into many-storeyed houses loftier than those of See also:

• ROME
• ROME (Roma)

Rome; and yet See also:

• PLACE (through Fr. from Lat. platea, street; Gr. IrAar6s, wide)

place was found not only for the great See also:

• TEMPLE
• TEMPLE, FREDERICK (1821-1902)
• TEMPLE, RICHARD
• TEMPLE, SIR RICHARD, BART
• TEMPLE, SIR WILLIAM, BART

temple of Melqarth with its courts, but for docks and warehouses, and for the See also:

• PURPLE

purple factories, which in See also:

• ROMAN

Roman times made the town an unpleasant place of See also:

• RESIDENCE (Latin residere, to remain behind, to dwell, reside)

residence (See also:

• STRABO (born c. 63 n.c.)

Strabo xvi . 2, 23) . In the Roman See also:

• PERIOD
• PERIOD (Gr. irepioSos, a going or way round, circuit, aepi, round, and &Sis, way, road)

period the See also:

• POPULATION (Lat. populus, people; populare, to populate)

population occupied a See also:

• STRIP

strip of the opposite mainland, including Palaetyrus . See also:

• PLINY, THE ELDER
• PLINY, THE YOUNGER

Pliny (Nat . Hist. v . 19) gives to the whole city, See also:

• CONTINENTAL

continental and insular, a See also:

• COMPASS (Fr. corn pas, ultimately from Lat. cum, with, and passus, step)

compass of 19 Roman See also:

• MILES, NELSON APPLETON (1839— )

miles; but this See also:

• ACCOUNT
• ACCOUNT (through O. Fr. acont, Late Lat. comptum, cornputare, to calculate)

account must be received with caution . In Strabo's time the island was still the city, and Palaetyrus on the mainland was distant 30 stadia; See also:

• MODERN

modern See also:

• RESEARCH (O. Fr. recerche, from recercher, re- and cercer, mod. chercher, to search; Late Lat. circare, to go round in a circle, to explore)

research, however, indicates an extensive See also:

• LINE

line of suburbs rather than one mainland city that can be identified with Palaetyrus .

This name was given by the Greeks to the See also:

• SETTLEMENT
• SETTLEMENT, ACT OF

settlement on the See also:

• COAST (from Lat. costa, a rib, side)

coast under the mistaken impression that it was more ancient than that on the island; the Assyr . Ushu, frequently mentioned in the Amarna letters, makes it probable that Usu or Uzu was the native name . Owing to the paucity of Phoenician remains the See also:

• TOPOGRAPHY
• TOPOGRAPHY (Gr. Toros, place, -partied', to write)

topography of the town and its surroundings is still obscure . The See also:

• PRESENT

present harbour is certainly the Sidonian See also:

• PORT

port, though it is not so large as it once was; the other ancient harbour, the See also:

• EGYPTIAN

Egyptian port, has disappeared, and is supposed by Renan to have lain on the south See also:

• SIDE
• SIDE (mod. Eski Adalia)

side of the island, and to be now absorbed in the See also:

• ISTHMUS (Gr.io0pbs, neck)

isthmus . The most important ruins are those of the See also:

• CATHEDRAL

cathedral, with its magnificent columns of See also:

• ROSE
• ROSE (Rosa)
• ROSE, GEORGE (1744-1818)
• ROSE, HUGH JAMES (1795—1838)
• ROSE, WILLIAM STEWART (1775-1843)

rose-coloured See also:

• GRANITE (adapted from the Ital. granite, grained; Lat. granum, grain)

granite, now prostrate . The present See also:

• BUILDING

building is assigned by De See also:

• VOGUE, EUGENE MELCHIOR, COMTE DE (1848- )

Vogue to the second See also:

• HALF

half of the 12th See also:

• CENTURY (from Lat. centuria, a division of a hundred men)

century, but the columns may have belonged to the 4th-century See also:

• CHURCH
• CHURCH (according to most authorities derived from the Gr. Kvpcaxov [&wµa], " the Lord's [house]," and common to many Teutonic, Slavonic and other languages under various forms—Scottish kirk, Ger. Kirche, Swed. kirka, Dan. kirke, Russ. tserkov, Buig. cerk
• CHURCH, FREDERICK EDWIN (1826-1900)
• CHURCH, GEORGE EARL (1835–1910)
• CHURCH, RICHARD WILLIAM (1815–189o)
• CHURCH, SIR RICHARD (1784–1873)

church of See also:

• PAULINUS (d. 644)
• PAULINUS, GAIUS SUETONIUS (1st century A.D.)

Paulinus (Euseb . H.E. x . 4) . The water-See also:

• SUPPLY (through Fr. from Lat. supplere, to fill up)

supply of ancient Tyre came from the powerful springs of See also:

• RAS

Ras-al 'See also:

• AIN

Ain (see See also:

• AQUEDUCT (Lat. aqua, water, and ducere, to lead; Gr. apaymryeiov, apayeeywov, vlrovopos)

AQUEDUCT) on the mainland, one See also:

• HOUR

hour south of the city, where there are still remarkable reservoirs, in connexion with which curious survivals of See also:

• ADONIS

Adonis See also:

• WORSHIP (i.e. " worth-ship," O. Eng. weor8scipe)

worship have been observed by travellers . Tyre was still an important city and an almost impregnable fortress under the Arab See also:

• EMPIRE

Empire . From 1124 to 1291 it was astronghold of the crusaders, and See also:

• SALADIN (Arab. Sala-ud-din, " Honouring the Faith ") (1138—1193)

Saladin himself besieged it in vain . After the fall of See also:

• ACRE
• ACRE, or AQUIRY

Acre the Christians deserted the place, which was then destroyed by the Moslems .

The present town has arisen since the Motawila (Metawila or Mutawileh) occupied the See also:

• DISTRICT

district in 1766 . The most important references to Tyre in the See also:

• BIBLE
• BIBLE, ENGLISH

Bible are 1 See also:

• KINGS, FIRST AND SECOND BOOKS OF

Kings v., vii., ix.; Is. See also:

• XXIII

xxiii . ; Am. i . 9 seq . ; Ezek. See also:

• XXVI

xxvi.—See also:

• XXVIII

xxviii.; 2 Macc. iv . 18 sqq . ; See also:

• MARK
• MARK, CARL (1858– )
• MARK, GOSPEL OF ST
• MARK, ST

Mark iii . 8, vii . 24 sqq . ; Matt. xi . 21 seq . (and See also:

• PARALLELS

parallels) ; Acts xii .

20 . Cf. also See also:

• JOSHUA, BOOK OF

Joshua xix . 29; 2 Sam. See also:

• XXIV

xxiv . 7; See also:

• EZRA (from a Hebrew word meaning " help ")
• EZRA, FOURTH BOOK (or APOCALYPSE) OF
• EZRA, THIRD BOOK OF [I Esdras]

Ezra iii . 7; Neh. xiii . 16; Ps. xlv . 12, lxxxiii . 7, lxxxvii . 4 . For the See also:

• HISTORY

history of Tyre see PHOENICIA . See also Renan, See also:

• MISSION

Mission de Phenicie (1864) ; Pietschmann, Gesch. der Phonizier (1889), 61—72; F . Jeremias, Tyrus bis zur Zeit Nebukadnesars (1891); H .

Winckler, Altor . Forschungen, ii . 65 sqq . ; A . Socin in See also:

• BAEDEKER, KARL (1801–1859)

Baedeker, See also:

• PAL, KRISTO DAS (1839–1884)

Pal. u . Syrien . (W . R . S.; G . A .