UGANDA  , a See also:

• BRITISH

British See also:

• PROTECTORATE

protectorate in Eastern See also:

• EQUATORIAL

Equatorial See also:

• AFRICA
• AFRICA, ROMAN

Africa, lying between Lakes See also:

• VICTORIA
• VICTORIA (or VITTORIA), TOMMASSO LUDOVICO DA (C. I540-C. 1613)
• VICTORIA [ALEXANDRINA VICTORIA]

Victoria and See also:

• ALBERT
• ALBERT (1490'1545)
• ALBERT (149o-1568)
• ALBERT (1522–1557)
• ALBERT (FRANCIS CHARLES AUGUSTUS ALBERT EMMANUEL) (1819—1861)
• ALBERT (FRIEDRICH RUDOLF ALBRECHT)
• ALBERT, FREDERICK AUGUSTUS
• ALBERT, MADAME (c. 2805—2846)

Albert and between the See also:

• MOUNTAIN (0. Fr. montaigne; popular Lat. montanea, an adjectival form from the classical mons, montis, whence Eng. " mount," a form usually used along with the name of an individual mountain, e.g. Mt Everest)
• MOUNTAIN, THE (La Montagne)

Mountain See also:

• NILE
• NILE, BATTLE OF THE
• NILE, SOBAT

Nile and See also:

• LAKE
• LAKE, GERARD LAKE, 1ST VISCOUNT (1744-1808)

Lake See also:

• RUDOLF (otherwise known as Basso NOROK and Gannon)

Rudolf . The same name was originally applied to the See also:

• BANTU

Bantu See also:

• KINGDOM

kingdom of Buganda, which is one of the five provinces of the protectorate, but which is now styled officially by the, correct native name of " Buganda." The See also:

• SWAHILI (Wa-Swahili, i.e. coast people, from the Arabic sail, coast)

Swahili followers of the first explorers always pronounced the territorial prefix, Bu, as a See also:

• SIMPLE

simple vowel, U; hence the incorrect rendering " Uganda " of the more See also:

• PRIMITIVE

primitive Bantu designation . It was first applied to the kingdom of Mutesa, discovered by J . H . See also:

• SPEKE, HUGH (1656-c. 1724)
• SPEKE, JOHN HANNING (1827-1864)

Speke in 1862, and in See also:

• TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
• TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
• TIME, STANDARD

time came to include the large protectorate which See also:

• GREW, NEHEMIAH (1641-1712)

grew out of the See also:

• EXTENSION (Lat. ex, out ; tendere, to stretch)

extension of British See also:

• INFLUENCE (Late Lat. influentia, from influere, to flow in)

influence over Buganda . Boundaries and See also:

• AREA

Area.—On the See also:

• NORTH
• NORTH, BARONS
• NORTH, MARIANNE (1830—1890)
• NORTH, ROGER (1653-1734)
• NORTH, SIR THOMAS (1535?-16o1?)

north the frontier of the protectorate is an undetermined See also:

• LINE

line See also:

• RUNNING

running between Lado (which lies a little north of 5° N.) on the Mountain Nile and the See also:

• WATERSHED

watershed of Lake Rudolf . This See also:

• NORTHERN

northern boundary is in any See also:

• CASE
• CASE, JOHN (d. 1600)

case conterminous with the See also:

• SOUTHERN

southern boundary of the Anglo-See also:

• EGYPTIAN

Egyptian See also:

• SUDAN (Arabic Bilad-es-Sudan, country of the blacks)

Sudan . On the See also:

• EAST
• EAST, ALFRED (1849- )

east the limit of the Uganda Protectorate in 1901 was the See also:

• THALWEG (a German word compounded from Thal, valley, and YPeg, way)

thalweg of Lake Rudolf and a line drawnfrom the See also:

• SOUTH
• SOUTH, ROBERT (1634–1716)

south-eastern See also:

• COAST (from Lat. costa, a rib, side)

coast of that lake south along the edge of the Laikipia and Kikuyu escarpments to the frontier of See also:

• GERMAN
• GERMAN, DUTCH AND SCANDINAVIAN

German East Africa . The southern frontier of Uganda was the 1st degree of S. See also:

• LAT

lat.; the western was the 3oth See also:

• MERIDIAN
• MERIDIAN (from the Lat. meridianus, pertaining to the south or mid-day)

meridian of E. See also:

• LONG, GEORGE (1800-1879)
• LONG, JOHN DAVIS (1838– )

long., from the German frontier on the south, across Albert See also:

• EDWARD

Edward See also:

• NYANZA (from the ancient Bantu root word anza, a river or lake)

Nyanza and the Semliki See also:

• RIVER

River to the line of See also:

• WATER

water-parting between the systems of the See also:

• CONGO

Congo and the Nile (in the See also:

• COUNTRY (from the Mid. Eng. contre or contrie, and O. Fr. cuntree; Late Lat. contrata, showing the derivation from contra, opposite, over against, thus the tract of land which fronts the sight, cf. Ger. Gegend, neighbourhood)

country of Mboga); thence northwards this western boundary descended to the north coast of Albert Nyanza at Mahagi, and then followed the See also:

• MAIN (from the Aryan root which appears in " may " and " might," and Lat. magnus, great)
• MAIN (Lat. Moenus)

main stream of the Nile to about 5° N . In 1904, however, it was found that the 3oth meridian had been placed some 25 M. See also:

• WEST
• WEST, BENJAMIN (1738-1820)
• WEST, NICHOLAS (1461-1533)

west of its true position in the maps used when the frontier was agreed upon, and that if it was maintained as the dividing line it would cut off the Uganda Protectorate from See also:

• ACCESS (Lat. accessus)

access to Albert Edward Nyanza while giving a corner of the Congo See also:

• FOREST

forest to Uganda . A survey See also:

• COMMISSION (from Lat. commissio, committere)

commission was subsequently despatched, and in 19To British, Belgian and German delegates met in See also:

• BRUSSELS (Fr. Bruxelles, Flem. Brussel)

Brussels to draw up a new frontier line . See also:

• GERMANY
• GERMANY (Ger. Deutschland)

Germany was interested in the dispute, inasmuch as the southern frontier of the Uganda Protectorate coincided with the northern frontier See also:

• EMERY (Ger. Smirgel)

Emery WUker se .

of German East Africa . Moreover Germany, See also:

• GREAT

Great See also:

• BRITAIN (Gr. Hperavuml vi7vot, Bperravia; Lat. Britannia, rarely Britannia)

Britain and See also:

• BELGIUM
• BELGIUM (Fr. Belgique; Flem. Belgic)

Belgium (as inheritor of the Congo See also:

• STATE
• STATE, GREAT OFFICERS OF

State) had conflicting claims in the region N.E. of Lake See also:

• KIVU

Kivu . On the 14th of May 1910 a See also:

• PROTOCOL (Fr. protocole, Late Lat. protocollum, from Gr. vrp(;rros, first, and KoXXav, to glue, i.e. originally the first sheet of a papyrus roll)

protocol was signed defining the new frontier as follows: Flom the north end of Lake Kivu the Congo-German frontier turns east by north, traversing the volcanic region of See also:

• MFUMBIRO, or KIRUNGA

Mfumbiro, and crosses the See also:

• SUMMIT

summit of Mt Karissimbi to the summit of Mt Sabyino, where the British, Belgian and German frontiers meet . From Mt Sabyino the frontier between Belgian Congo and the Uganda Protectorate goes in a See also:

• DIRECT

direct line north to Mt Nkabwe, and thence along the Ishasha River, to its mouth on the S.E. shores of Albert Edward Nyanza . Thence it crosses that lake in a straight line and afterwards the See also:

• RUWENZORI

Ruwenzori to its highest point, Margherita See also:

• PEAK, THE

peak, whence i"t follows the See also:

• LAMIA

Lamia River to its junction with the Semliki . From that point the frontier is formed by the Semliki to its mouth and the See also:

• MIDDLE

middle of Albert Nyanza to a point opposite Mahagi, where it meets the Congo-Sudan frontier . Meantime in 1903 the then Eastern See also:

• PROVINCE
• PROVINCE (Lat. provincia; perhaps a contraction of providentia)

province cf the Uganda Protectorate had been transferred to the adjoining East Africa Protectorate, the new eastern boundary being the west coast of Lake Rudolf, the river Turkwel, the eastern flanks of Mt See also:

• ELGON

Elgon, the Sio River, and a line running south from the mouth of the Sio across Victoria Nyanza to I° S . The area of the protectorate, approximately 150,000 sq. m. in 1901, has been reduced by these changes to about It o,000 sq. m . See also:

• PHYSICAL

Physical Features.—The protectorate, with a singularly diversified See also:

• SURFACE

surface of lofty plateaus, See also:

• SNOW (in O. Eng. sndw; a common Indo-European word; cf. in Teutonic languages, Ger. Schnee, Du. sneeuw; in Slavonic snieg', Lith. snegas; Gr. vi4a, Lat. nix, nivis, whence the Romanic forms, Ital. neve, Fr. neige, &c.; Ir. and Gael. sneachd; the original

snow-capped mountains, vast swamps, dense forests and regions of desolate aridity (valley of See also:

• CLIMATE

Climate . Lake Rudolf), offers a remarkable variety of climates . The Rudolf province lies See also:

• LOW, SETH (1850- )
• LOW, WILL HICOK (1853- )

low—an See also:

• AVERAGE

average See also:

• ALTITUDE (Lat. altitudo, from altus, high)

altitude of not more than 2000 ft.—is extremely hot, and has a very poor rainfall . In some of its districts no See also:

• RAIN (O.E. regn; the word is common to Teutonic languages, cf. Ger. Regen, Swed. and Dan. regn; it has been connected with Lat. rigare, to wet, Gr. 13pixeav)

rain falls for two years at a time, elsewhere scarcely as much as to in. per annum .

The Eastern province is abundantly watered near Victoria Nyanza and around Mt Elgon and the See also:

• NOBLE, SIR ANDREW (1832- )

noble Debasien mountain (about 5o in. to See also:

• LOO (formerly called " Lanterloo," Fr. lanturlu, the refrain of a popular 17th-century song)

loo in. annually) ; elsewhere, in Karamojo and the northern regions, the rainfall lessens to about 20 in . Busoga and the western See also:

• PART

part of the Elgon See also:

• DISTRICT

district in this province have a See also:

• REGULAR

regular West See also:

• AFRICAN

African climate—hot, moist' and not over-healthy . These are the conditions of Buganda, a country with an See also:

• ANNUAL

annual rainfall of from 6o to 8o in., a regular West African climate, and severe and frequent thunderstorms . Much the same may be said about the Western province, except for the cooling influence of the Ruwenzori snow range, which pleasantly affects See also:

• TORO

Toro and northern Ankole . The rainfall on Ruwenzori and the central Semliki valley is quite too in. per annum . Along the Ruwenzori range are glaciers and snowfields nearly 15 M. in continuous length and some 5 M. in breadth . The Northern (formerly called the Nile) province is perhaps the hottest part of Uganda . Like the districts See also:

• ROUND (O. Fr. rond, Lat. rotundus, the Fr. is the source also of Du. rond; Ger., Swed., Dan. and Nor. rond)

round Lake Rudolf, the average altitude (near the Nile) is not more than 2000 ft., but the rainfall is more abundant than in the terrible Rudolf region, being an average of 30 in. per annum . The surface of the protectorate is diversified . See also:

• MOUNT, WILLIAM SIDNEY (1807-1868)

Mount Elgon (q.v.) just outside the Eastern province is one of the leading physical features of the Uganda and East Africa protectorates . Mountains, It consists of the vast See also:

• CRATER

crater—some to m. in See also:

• DIAMETER (from the Cr. &a, through, µErpov, measure)

diameter Lakes and —of an See also:

• EXTINCT

extinct See also:

• VOLCANO

volcano, the rim of which rises in several See also:

• RIVERS
• RIVERS, ANTHONY WOODVILLE, or WYDEVILLE, 2ND EARL (c. 1442—1483)
• RIVERS, EARL
• RIVERS, RICHARD SAVAGE, 4TH EARL (c. 1660—1712)

Rivers' places to over i4,000 ft . Terraces and buttresses extend and ramify in all directions from the central crater, so that the See also:

• GIANT (O.E. geant, through Fr. giant, O.Fr. gaiant, jaiant, jeant, med. pop. Lat. gagante—cf. Ital. gigante—by assimilation from gigantem, ace. of Lat. gigas, Gr. yiyas)

giant volcano and its surrounding heights See also:

• FORM (Lat. forma)

form a mountain country (notable for its innumerable cascades and dense forests) the See also:

• SIZE

size of See also:

• MONTENEGRO

Montenegro .

The See also:

• MASS (O.E. maesse; Fr. messe; Ger. Messe; Ital. messa; from eccl. Lat. missa)
• MASS, IN

mass of Elgon can be seen from the north-east coast of Victoria Nyanza, from near the main Nile stream, from the heights overlooking Lake Rudolf and from the Kikuyu escarpment . The Eastern province consists of well-forested, undulating See also:

• LAND

land (Busoga) on the coast of the lake, a vast extent of See also:

• MARSH (O. F. mersc, for merisc, a place full of "meres" or pools; cf. Ger. Meer, sea, Lat. mare)
• MARSH, ADAM (ADAM DE MARISCO) (d. c. 1258)
• MARSH, GEORGE PERKINS (1801-1882)
• MARSH, HERBERT (1757–1839)
• MARSH, NARCISSUS (1638-1713)
• MARSH, OTHNIEL CHARLES (1831-1899)

marsh round the lake-like backwaters of the Victoria Nile (Lakes See also:

• IBRAHIM

Ibrahim or Kioga, Kwania, &c.) and a more stony, open, See also:

• GRAIN (derived through the French from Lat. granum, seed, from an Aryan root meaning " to wear down," which also appears in the common Teutonic word " corn ")

grain-growing country (Bukedi, Lobor, Karamojo) . The Turkana country west of Lake Rudolf has been of See also:

• LATE

late years terribly arid . A little vegetation is met with in the stream valleys, but most of the rivers marked on the See also:

• MAP
• MAP (or MAPES), WALTER (d. c. 1208/9)

map haveceased to show running water in their See also:

• LOWER

lower courses . A See also:

• GOOD, JOHN MASON (1764-1827)

good See also:

• DEAL

deal of high land—rising in some peaks to near Io,000 ft . —is found in the eastern part of the Northern province, and these heights attract moisture and nourish permanent streams flowing Nilewards . But much of the lower ground is stony and poor in vegetation, while the See also:

• LOWLAND

lowland near the main Nile is exceedingly marshy . The See also:

• RIPON
• RIPON, GEORGE FREDERICK SAMUEL ROBINSON, 1ST MARQUESS OF (1827-1909)

Ripon Falls, in the centre of the northern coast of the Victoria Nyanza, at the See also:

• HEAD (in 0. Eng. heafad; the word is common to Teutonic languages; cf. Dutch hoofd, Ger. Haupt, generally taken to be in origin connected with Lat. caput, Gr. KerbOvi7)
• HEAD, SIR EDMUND WALKER, BART
• HEAD, SIR FRANCIS BOND, BART

head of the exquisitely beautiful See also:

• NAPOLEON

Napoleon Gulf, See also:

• MARK
• MARK, CARL (1858– )
• MARK, GOSPEL OF ST
• MARK, ST

mark the exit of the fully See also:

• BORN, IGNAZ, EDLER VON (1742–1791)

born Nile from the great lake . The Victoria Nile tumbles over 50 M. of cascades and rapids (descending some 700 ft. in that distance) between Ripon Falls and Kakoge . Here it broadens into Lake Ibrahim (Kioga) (in reality a vast back-water of the Nile discovered by See also:

• COLONEL (derived either from Lat. column, Fr. colonne, column, or Lat. corona, a crown)

Colonel Chaille Long in 1874), and continues navigable (See also:

• SAVE, or SAVA (Ger. Sau; Hungarian Szdva; Lat. Savus)

save for See also:

• SUDD

sudd obstacles at times) right through Lake Ibrahim and thence northwards for too m. to Foweira and Karuma Falls . Between Karuma and See also:

• MURCHISON, SIR RODERICK IMPEY (1792-1871)

Murchison Falls the Victoria Nile is unnavigable . At Fajao the See also:

• NAVIGATION (from Lat. navis, ship, and agere, to move)

navigation can See also:

• LEE
• LEE (or LEGIT) ROWLAND (d. 1543)
• LEE, ANN (1736–1784)
• LEE, ARTHUR (1740–1792)
• LEE, FITZHUGH (1835–1905)
• LEE, GEORGE ALEXANDER (1802-1851)
• LEE, HENRY (1756-1818)
• LEE, JAMES PRINCE (1804-1869)
• LEE, NATHANIEL (c. 1653-16g2)
• LEE, RICHARD HENRY (1732-1794)
• LEE, ROBERT EDWARD (1807–1870)
• LEE, SIDNEY (1859– )
• LEE, SOPHIA (1950-1824)
• LEE, STEPHEN DILL (1833-1908)

lee resumed into Lake Albert .

The main Nile stream when it quits Lake Albert continues navigable as far north as Nimule (° 40' N.) . Between Nimule and Fort See also:

• BERKELEY
• BERKELEY, GEORGE (1685–1753)
• BERKELEY, MILES JOSEPH (1803-1889)
• BERKELEY, SIR WILLIAM (c. 1608-1677)

Berkeley the river flows through a deep See also:

• GORGE

gorge and falls nearly woo ft . Navigability really only begins again at See also:

• GONDOKORO

Gondokoro on the Sudan frontier, from which point steamers ply to See also:

• KHARTUM

Khartum (see NILE) . The See also:

• GEOGRAPHY (Gr. yil, earth, and ypiickty, to write)

geography of the Western province includes many interesting features, the in many ways See also:

• PECULIAR

peculiar Albert Nyanza (q.v.), the great snowy range of Ruwenzori (q.v.), the dense Semliki, Budonga, Mpanga and Bunyaraguru forests, the See also:

• SALT (a common Teutonic word, cf. Dutch zout, Ger. Salz, Scand. salt; cognate with Gr. &Xs, Lat. sal)
• SALT, SIR TITUS, BART

salt lakes and salt springs of See also:

• UNYORO

Unyoro and western Toro, the innumerable and singularly beautiful crater lakes of Toro and Ankole, the volcanic region of Mfumbiro (where active and extinct volcanoes rise in great cones to altitudes of from ii,000 to nearly 15,000 ft.), and the healthy plateaus of Ankole, which are in a lesser degree analogous in climate and position, and the See also:

• NANDI

Nandi See also:

• PLATEAU (a French term, older platel, for a flat piece of wood, metal, &c., from plat, flat)
• PLATEAU, JOSEPH ANTOINE FERDINAND (1801-1883)

plateau on the east of Victoria Nyanza . Ruwenzori is a snowy range, and not a single mountain . Its greatest altitude—the See also:

• DUKE (corresponding to Fr. duc, Ital. duca, Ger. Herzog)

Duke of the Abruzzi's Mt See also:

• STANLEY (FAMILY)
• STANLEY, ARTHUR PENRHYN (18x5–1881)
• STANLEY, EDWARD (1779-1849)
• STANLEY, SIR HENRY MORTON (184o-1904)
• STANLEY, SIR WILLIAM (1548-163o)
• STANLEY, THOMAS (1625-1678)

Stanley (Margherita Peak)—is 16,816 ft., and therefore the third highest point on the African See also:

• CONTINENT (from Lat. continere, "to hold together "; hence " connected," " continuous ")

continent . The Uganda Protectorate is a land of great lakes, and includes partially or wholly the water areas of Victoria Nyanza (about 2 ,000 sq. m.), Lake Rudolf (about 3500 sq. m.), Lake Ibrahim-Kioga-Kwania (800 sq. m.), Albert Nyanza (2700 sq. m.), and Lakes Albert Edward and Dwerui (1500 sq. m.), besides the small crater i In 1909 Albert Edward Nyanza was renamed by British geolakes of Toro and Ankole (singularly beautiful), the lake-swamps See also:

• SALISBURY
• SALISBURY, EARLS OF
• SALISBURY, ROBERT ARTHUR TALBOT GASCOYNECECIL, 3RD MARQUESS OF (1830-1903)
• SALISBURY, ROBERT CECIL, 1ST EARL OF (c. 1565-1612)
• SALISBURY, THOMAS DE MONTACUTE, 4TH EARL OF (1388-1428)
• SALISBURY, WILLIAM LONGSWORD (or LONGESPEE), EARL OF (d. 1226)

Salisbury and Kirkpatrick in the Eastern province, Lakes Wamala in Buganda, and Kachera in Ankole . The water of Lake Victoria is perfectly fresh . This is the case with all the other lakes except Rudolf, Albert Nyanza and Albert Edward, in which the water ranges from salt to slightly brackish . See also:

• GEOLOGY (from Gr. yp7, the earth, and Abyor, science)

Geology.—Wide tracts remain geologically unexplored . Archean rocks—See also:

• GNEISS

gneiss, schist and See also:

• GRANITE (adapted from the Ital. granite, grained; Lat. granum, grain)

granite—See also:

• COVER (from the Fr. convert, from couvrir, to cover, Lat. cooperire)

cover large areas through which the Nile cuts its way in alternate narrow See also:

• GORGES, SIR FERDINANDO (c. 1566-1647)

gorges and open reaches . In Ankole and Koki rocks consisting of granular See also:

• QUARTZITE

quartzite, schistose See also:

• SANDSTONE

sandstone, red and See also:

• BROWN
• BROWN, CHARLES BROCKDEN (1771-181o)
• BROWN, FORD MADOX (1821-1893)
• BROWN, FRANCIS (1849- )
• BROWN, GEORGE (1818-188o)
• BROWN, HENRY KIRKE (1814-1886)
• BROWN, JACOB (1775–1828)
• BROWN, JOHN (1715–1766)
• BROWN, JOHN (1722-1787)
• BROWN, JOHN (1735–1788)
• BROWN, JOHN (1784–1858)
• BROWN, JOHN (1800-1859)
• BROWN, JOHN (1810—1882)
• BROWN, JOHN GEORGE (1831— )
• BROWN, ROBERT (1773-1858)
• BROWN, SAMUEL MORISON (1817—1856)
• BROWN, SIR GEORGE (1790-1865)
• BROWN, SIR JOHN (1816-1896)
• BROWN, SIR WILLIAM, BART
• BROWN, THOMAS (1663-1704)
• BROWN, THOMAS (1778-1820)
• BROWN, THOMAS EDWARD (1830-1897)
• BROWN, WILLIAM LAURENCE (1755–1830)

brown sandstone, and shales with cleaved killas See also:

• REST (O. Eng. rest, reste, bed, cognate with other Teutonic forms, e.g. Ger. Rast, Riiste, rest, and probably Gothic Rasta, league, i.e. resting or stopping place)

rest on the Archean See also:

• PLATFORM (Fr. plateforme, i.e. ground plan)

platform and possibly represent the Lower Witwatersrand beds of the See also:

• TRANSVAAL

Transvaal .

No traces of the See also:

• KARROO

Karroo formation have been detected . Volcanic rocks occur in Usoga and elsewhere . The Nile at the Ripon Falls leaps over a See also:

• BASALT

basalt See also:

• DIKE, or DYKE (Old Eng. dic, a word which appears in various forms in many Teutonic languages, cf. Dutch dijk, German Teich, Danish dige, and in French, derived from Teutonic, digue; it is the same word as " ditch " and is ultimately connected with the ro

dike . The rocks on the See also:

• VERGE (Lat. virga, a rod)

verge of the Kisumu province of East Africa are mainly volcanic (basalt, See also:

• TUFF (Ital. tufo)

tuff, See also:

• LAVA

lava, kenyte) . West of the volcanic region, nearer to Lake Victoria and the Eastern province, ironstone, granite, gneiss and schistose formations pre-dominate, with See also:

• PHONOLITE (Gr. ~vi7, sound, and Moos, stone)

phonolite in places . See also:

• IRON [symbol Fe, atomic weight 55.85 (0=16)]

Iron ore (See also:

• HAEMATITE, or HEMATITE

haematite) is abundant . In the Eastern province the rocks are mainly See also:

• QUARTZ

quartz, gneiss and granite, with sandstone in Busoga, basalt round Mt Elgon, See also:

• SLATE (properly CLAY SLATE; in M. Eng. slat or sclat, from O. Fr. esclat, a small piece of wood used as a tile; esclater, to break into pieces, whence modern Fr. eclat, the root being seen also in Ger. schleissen, to split)

slate (Busoga) and iron- See also:

• PETROLOGY

petrology See also:

• STONE
• STONE (0. Eng. shin; the word is common to Teutonic languages, cf. Ger. Stein, Du. steen, Dan. and Swed. sten; the root is also seen in Gr. aria, pebble)
• STONE, CHARLES POMEROY (1824-1887)
• STONE, EDWARD JAMES (1831-1897)
• STONE, FRANK (1800-1859)
• STONE, GEORGE (1708—1764)
• STONE, LUCY [BLACKWELL] (1818-1893)
• STONE, MARCUS (184o— )
• STONE, NICHOLAS (1586-1647)

stone (Busoga and Bukedi) . In the Rudolf province there and are the basalt, lava, tuff and kenyte of the volcanic See also:

• MINERALOGY

Mineralogy . Rift valley, overlying a formation of granite, gneiss and quartz . See also:

• GOLD
• GOLD [symbol Au, atomic weight 195.7(H = 1),197.2(0 =16)]

Gold—in some cases alluvial—is found in the mountainous country to the north-west of Lake Rudolf . Gneiss, granite and quartz—the decomposed granite giving the red " African " See also:

• CLAY (from O. Eng. claeg, a word common in various forms to Teutonic languages, cf. Ger. Klei)
• CLAY, CASSIUS MARCELLUS (1810-1903)
• CLAY, CHARLES (1801–1893)
• CLAY, FREDERIC (1838–1889)
• CLAY, HENRY (1777–1852)

clay —are the leading features in the formations of the Northern province, of Buganda, and of the Western province, with some sandstone in the littoral districts of Buganda and in Ankole, and eruptive rocks and lava in south-western Ankole and on the eastern flanks of Ruwenzori . There are indications of See also:

• COPPER (symbol Cu, atomic weight 63.1, H=1, or 63.6, O = 16)

copper in Busoga, of gold in Unyoro .

Iron is founts nearly everywhere . See also:

• GRAPHITE

Graphite is See also:

• PRESENT

present in Buganda and Unyoro . See also:

• FLORA

Flora.—The vegetation is luxuriant except in the Rudolf region, which- has the sparse flora of See also:

• SOMALILAND

Somaliland . In the Western province, Busoga and the Elgon district the flora is very West African in See also:

• CHARACTER (Gr. xapareri7p, from xap&crew, to scratch)

character . The swampy regions of the Nile and of the Eastern province are characterized by an extravagant growth of See also:

• PAPYRUS

papyrus and other rushes, of reeds and coarse grass . There are luxuriant tropical forests in the coast region of Buganda, in Busoga, west Elgon, western Unyoro, eastern Toro, the central Semliki valley and north-west Ankole . The upper regions of Mt Elgon, Mt Debasien and Mt Agoro are clothed with forests of conifers—See also:

• JUNIPER

juniper and See also:

• YEW (Taxus baccata)

yew—and See also:

• WITCH

witch-hazels (Trichocladus) . There are also giant yew-trees (Podocarpus) on the flanks of Ruwenzori and the Mfumbiro volcanoes between 7000 and 9000 ft., but no junipers . The alpine vegetation pa all these lofty mountains is of a mixed Cape and Abyssinian character—witch-hazels, senecios, lobelias, kniphofias, See also:

• EVERLASTING, or IMMORTELLE

everlasting See also:

• FLOWERS, ARTIFICIAL

flowers, See also:

• TREE (0. Eng. treo, treow, cf. Dan. tree, Swed. Odd, tree, trd, timber; allied forms are found in Russ. drevo, Gr. opus, oak, and 36pv, spear, Welsh derw, Irish darog, oak, and Skr. dare, wood)
• TREE, SIR HERBERT BEERBOHM (1853- )

tree heaths and hypericums . The really tropical vegetation of Buganda is nearly identical with that of West Africa, but there is no oil-See also:

• PALM (Lat. palma, Gr. iraX6.jn )
• PALM, JOHANN PHILIPP (1768-1806)

palm . See also:

• FAUNA

Fauna.—The fauna also has many West African See also:

• AFFINITIES

affinities in the hot, forested regions . In the Kisumu province of East Africa even, there are several West African mammals such as the broad-horned tragelaph and the forest See also:

• PIG
• PIG (a word of obscure origin, connected with the Low Ger. and Dut. word of the same meaning, bigge)

pig .

These are also found in part of the Semliki forests . As a See also:

• RULE

rule, however, the fauna of the Upper Semliki valley, of parts of Ankole, Buganda and Unyoro, of the Northern, Rudolf and Eastern provinces, is of that " East African," Ethiopic " character which is specially the feature of South and East Africa and of the Sudan right across from See also:

• ABYSSINIA (officially ETHIOPIA)

Abyssinia to the river See also:

• SENEGAL

Senegal . Among notable mammals the See also:

• CHIMPANZEE (Chimpanzi)

chimpanzee is found in Unyoro, Toro and north-west Ankole, and has only recently become extinct in Buganda; the See also:

• OKAPI

okapi inhabits the Semliki forests on the Congo frontier; the See also:

• GIRAFFE

giraffe (the male sometimes developing five See also:

• HORN
• HORN (a common Teutonic word, cognate with Lat. cornu; cf. Gr. Kipas)
• HORN (Lat. cornu; corresponding terms being Fr. cor, trompe; Ger. Horn; Ital. corno)
• HORN, ARVID BERNHARD, COUNT (1664-1742)
• HORN, PHILIP DE MONTMORENCY, COUNT

horn cores) is See also:

• COMMON

common in the Northern, Eastern and Rudolf provinces; there are three types of See also:

• BUFFALO

buffalo—the Cape, the Congo and the Abyssinian; two See also:

• SPECIES

species of See also:

• ZEBRA

zebra (one of them See also:

• GREVY, FRANCOIS PAUL JULES (1813-1891)

Grevy's), the African See also:

• WILD, JONATHAN (c. 1682-1725)

wild See also:

• ASS (O.E. assa; Lat. asinus)
• ASS, FEAST OF THE

ass, the square-lipped (', See also:

• WHITE
• WHITE, ANDREW DICKSON (1832– )
• WHITE, GILBERT (1720–1793)
• WHITE, HENRY KIRKE (1785-1806)
• WHITE, HUGH LAWSON (1773-1840)
• WHITE, JOSEPH BLANCO (1775-1841)
• WHITE, RICHARD GRANT (1822-1885)
• WHITE, ROBERT (1645-1704)
• WHITE, SIR GEORGE STUART (1835– )
• WHITE, SIR THOMAS (1492-1567)
• WHITE, SIR WILLIAM ARTHUR (1824--1891)
• WHITE, SIR WILLIAM HENRY (1845– )
• WHITE, THOMAS (1628-1698)
• WHITE, THOMAS (c. 1550-1624)

white ") and pointed-lipped (" See also:

• BLACK
• BLACK, ADAM (1784-1874)
• BLACK, JEREMIAH SULLIVAN (1810–1883)
• BLACK, WILLIAM (1841-1898)

black ") rhinoceroses, the See also:

• ELEPHANT

elephant, See also:

• HIPPOPOTAMUS (" river-horse," Gr. lames, horse and aoraµbs, river)

hippopotamus, water tragelaph (" Speke's See also:

• ANTELOPE

antelope "), Cape See also:

• ANT
• ANT (O. Eng. aemete, from Teutonic a, privative, and maitan, cut or bite off, i.e. " the biter off "; aemete in Middle English became differentiated in dialect use to (mete, then amte, and so ant, and also to emete, whence the synonym " emmet," now only u

ant-See also:

• BEAR
• BEAR, BLACK
• BEAR, BROWN
• BEAR, GRIZZLY
• BEAR, ISABELLINE
• BEAR, WHITE

bear, aard-See also:

• WOLF
• WOLF (Canis lupus)
• WOLF, FRIEDRICH AUGUST (1759-1824)
• WOLF, HUGO (1860-1903)
• WOLF, JOSEPH (1820-1899)

wolf (Proteles), See also:

• HUNTING (the verbal substantive from " hunt "; O. Eng. huntian, hunta; apparently connected with O. Eng. hentan, Gothic hinpan, to capture, O.H.G. hunda,booty)

hunting-See also:

• DOG

dog, and nearly every genus and most of the species of African antelopes . The birds are more West African than the mammals, and include the See also:

• GREY, CHARLES GREY, 2ND EARL (1764-1845)
• GREY, HENRY GREY, 3RD EARL (1802-1894)
• GREY, LADY JANE (1537-1554)
• GREY, SIR EDWARD
• GREY, SIR GEORGE (1812–1898)

grey See also:

• PARROT (according to Skeat, from Fr. Perrot or Pies-rot, the diminutive of the proper name Pierrel)

parrot, all the genera of the splendidly-coloured turacoes, the unique " See also:

• WHALE

whale-headed See also:

• STORK (A. S. store, Ger. Storch)

stork," and the See also:

• OSTRICH

ostrich . Inhabitants.—The inhabitants in 1909 numbered about 3,500,000 natives, 3000 British See also:

• INDIANS, NORTH AMERICAN

Indians and See also:

• ARABS

Arabs, and 507 Europeans (British, See also:

• FRENCH
• FRENCH, DANIEL CHESTER (1850– )
• FRENCH, NICHOLAS (1604-1678)

French, Germans, Italians and Maltese) . Of these last 119 were See also:

• WOMEN

women . The races indigerous to the protectorate are mainly of the See also:

• NEGRO (from Lat. eager, black)

Negro species (with slight Caucasian intermixture), and may be divided into the following categories: (I) Pigmy-prognathous (so-called " Congo " pigmies of Semliki forest, of Kiagwe in Buganda, and of the western graphers (with the consent of Edward VII) Lake Edward, and Lake Dweru Lake See also:

• GEORGE
• GEORGE, 8TH MARQUESS OF TWEEDDALE (1787-1876)
• GEORGE, HENRY (1839—1897)
• GEORGE, LAKE
• GEORGE, SAINT (d. 303)

George, in See also:

• HONOUR (Lat. honos or lwnor, honoris; in English the word was spelled with or without the u indifferently until the 17th century, but during the 18th century it became fashion-able to spell the word " honor "; Johnson's and Webster's Dictionaries stereoty

honour of George V . flanks of Mt Elgon and the types of Forest Negroes); (2) Bantu negroes (Banyoro, Bairu, Basese, Basoga, Bakonjo, Baganda, Masaba and See also:

• KAVIRONDO

Kavirondo); (3) Nile negroes (Aluru, See also:

• BARI
• BARI (anc. Barium)

Bari, See also:

• MADI (A-MADI)

Madi, See also:

• ACHOLI

Acholi, Gang, Lango, See also:

• LATUKA

Latuka, Tesi, Sabel (Nandi), Turkana and Karamojo); (4) Hamitic (some tribes on islands and the north coast of Lake Rudolf; and the remarkable " Hima " or " Huma " See also:

• ARISTOCRACY (Gr. apuvror, best; «paria, government)

aristocracy in Unyoro, Buganda, Toro and Ankole) . The pigmies are generally known as See also:

• BAMBUTE (sometimes incorrectly called BATWA)

Bambute or Bakwa in the Semliki forests . They are both reddish yellow and brownish black (according to individual variation) in skin See also:

• COLOUR (Lat. color, connected with celare, to hide, the root meaning, therefore, being that of a covering)

colour, with head See also:

• HAIR (a word common to Teutonic languages)

hair often tending to russet, and See also:

• BODY

body hair of two kinds—black and bristly on the upper See also:

• LIP (a word common in various forms, to Teutonic languages, cf Ger. Lippe, Dan. laebe; Lat. labium is cognate)

lip, See also:

• CHIN

chin, See also:

• CHEST (Gr. Kiarl, Lat. cista, O. Eng. cist, test, &c.)

chest, axillae and pubes; and yellowish and fleecy on the cheeks, back and limbs . Their faces are remarkable for the long upper lip and the depressed broad See also:

• NOSE (O.Eng. nosu, cf. Dutch neus, Swed. nos, snout; the Aix in Provence. Both at Aix and at Lyons he acquired great connexion with O.Eng. nasu is obscure, cf. Ger. Nase, Lat. pares, distinction by his labours during outbreaks of the plague. In nostrils,

nose with enormous alae . Associated with these pigmies is the " Forest Negro " type (Lendu, Lega, Baamba, Banande) of normal human stature, but See also:

• SHORT, FRANCIS JOB (1857– )

short-legged and unusually prognathous .

The Bantu negroes represent the future ruling See also:

• RACE

race of the protectorate, and include the remarkable Baganda See also:

• PEOPLE

people . These last, See also:

• PRIOR (from Lat. prior—former, and hence superior, through O. Fr. priour)
• PRIOR, MATTHEW (1664-1721)

prior to the arrival of Arabs and Europeans, displayed a nearer approach to See also:

• CIVILIZATION

civilization than has as yet been attained by an unaided Negro people . Their See also:

• DYNASTY (Gr. &vvaareta, sovereignty, the position of a hevnori7r, lord, ruler, from SuvaaBay to be able, Suvaµas, power)

dynasty of monarchs can be traced back with tolerable certainty to a See also:

• PERIOD
• PERIOD (Gr. irepioSos, a going or way round, circuit, aepi, round, and &Sis, way, road)

period coincident with the reign of See also:

• HENRY
• HENRY (1129-1195)
• HENRY (c. 1108-1139)
• HENRY (c. 1174–1216)
• HENRY (Fr. Henri; Span. Enrique; Ger. Heinrich; Mid. H. Ger. Heinrich and Heimrich; O.H.G. Haimi- or Heimirih, i.e. " prince, or chief of the house," from O.H.G. heim, the Eng. home, and rih, Goth. reiks; compare Lat. rex " king "—" rich," therefore " mig
• HENRY, EDWARD LAMSON (1841– )
• HENRY, JAMES (1798-1876)
• HENRY, JOSEPH (1797-1878)
• HENRY, MATTHEW (1662-1714)
• HENRY, PATRICK (1736–1799)
• HENRY, PRINCE OF BATTENBERG (1858-1896)
• HENRY, ROBERT (1718-1790)
• HENRY, VICTOR (1850– )
• HENRY, WILLIAM (1795-1836)

Henry IV. of See also:

• ENGLAND
• ENGLAND, THE CHURCH OF

England (A.D . 1400) . The first Buganda See also:

• KING
• KING (O. Eng. cyning, abbreviated into cyng, cing; cf. O. H. G. chun- kuning, chun- kunig, M.H.G. kiinic, kiinec, kiinc, Mod. Ger. Konig, O. Norse konungr, kongr, Swed. konung, kung)
• KING [OF OCKHAM], PETER KING, 1ST BARON (1669-1734)
• KING, CHARLES WILLIAM (1818-1888)
• KING, CLARENCE (1842–1901)
• KING, EDWARD (1612–1637)
• KING, EDWARD (1829–1910)
• KING, HENRY (1591-1669)
• KING, RUFUS (1755–1827)
• KING, THOMAS (1730–1805)
• KING, WILLIAM (1650-1729)
• KING, WILLIAM (1663–1712)

king was probably a Hamite of the Hima stock (from Unyoro) . Until See also:

• RECENT

recent years the Baganda and most of the other Bantu peoples of the protectorate worshipped ancestral and nature See also:

• SPIRITS

spirits who had become elevated to the See also:

• RANK (O.Fr. rant or rent, mod. rang, generally connected with the O.E. and O.H.G. bring, a ring)

rank of gods and goddesses . The Baganda are now mainly See also:

• CHRISTIAN
• CHRISTIAN, WILLIAM (1608-1663)

Christian . There is also a " totem " See also:

• SYSTEM

system still in See also:

• VOGUE, EUGENE MELCHIOR, COMTE DE (1848- )

vogue . All the Baganda belong to one or other of twenty-nine clans, or " Bika, " which are named after and have as totem See also:

• FAMILIAR (through the Fr. familier, from Lat. familiaris, of or belonging to the familia, family)

familiar beasts, birds, See also:

• FISH (O. Eng. fist, a word common to Teutonic languages, cf. Dutch visch, Ger. Fisch, Goth. fisks, cognate with the Lat. piscis)
• FISH, HAMILTON (1808-1893)

fish or vegetables . The Baganda are not a very moral people, but they have an extreme regard for decency, and are always scrupulously clothed (formerly in bark-See also:

• CLOTH

cloth, now in See also:

• CALICO

calico) . As a See also:

• GENERAL
• GENERAL (Lat. generalis, of or relating to a genus, kind or class)

general rule, it may be said that all the Bantu tribes in the western See also:

• HALF

half of the protectorate, including the Basoga, are careful to consider decency in their clothing, while the Nilotic negroes are often completely nude in both sexes . More or less, See also:

• ABSOLUTE (Lat. absolvere, to loose, set free)

absolute nudity among men is characteristic even of the Bahima (Hamites) .

But in this aristocratic See also:

• CASTE (through the Fr. from Span. and Port. casta, lineage, Lat. cast us, pure)

caste the women are scrupulously clothed . The Nile negroes and Hima are tall people . The former are seldom handsome, owing to their See also:

• FLAT (a modification of O. Eng. flet, an obsolete word of Teutonic origin, meaning the ground beneath the feet)

flat faces and projecting cheek-bones . The Bahima are often markedly handsome, even to See also:

• EUROPEAN

European eyes . In the Bahima the proportion of Caucasian See also:

• BLOOD

blood is about one-See also:

• FOURTH

fourth; in the Nile negroes and Bantu from one-sixteenth to none at all . The aboriginal stock of the Uganda Protectorate is undoubtedly the pigmy-prognathous, which has gradually been absorbed, overlaid or exterminated by better See also:

• DEVELOPED

developed specimens of the Negro sub-species, or by Negro-Caucasian hybrids from the north and north-east . The See also:

• LANGUAGES

languages spoken in the Uganda Protectorate belong to the following See also:

• STOCKS

stocks : Hamitic (Murle and Rendile of Lake Rudolf) ; (2) See also:

• MASAI

Masai (Bari, Elgumi, Turkana, See also:

• SILK

Silk, &c.) ; (2a) Sabei, on the northern slopes of Elgon and on Mt Debasien; (2b) Nilotic (Acholi, Aluru, Gang, &c.); (3) Madi (spoken on the Nile between Aluru and Bari, really of West African affinities) ; (4) Bantu (Lu-ganda, Runyoro, Lu-konjo, Kuamba, Lihuku, the Masaba languages of west Elgon and Kavirondo, &c.) ; and lastly, the unclassified, isolated Lendu and Mbuba spoken by some of the pigmy-prognathous peoples . Towns.—The seat of the British See also:

• ADMINISTRATION (Lat. administrare, to serve)

administration is Entebbe (" a See also:

• THRONE

throne ") on the south shores of a See also:

• PENINSULA
• PENINSULA (Lat. paeninsula, from paene, almost, and insula, an island)

peninsula projecting into the Victoria Nyanza in o° 4' 2u N . 32° 27' 45" E . It contains a number of commodious See also:

• OFFICIAL (Late Lat. QJicialis, for class. Lat. apparitor, from officium, office, duty)

official residences, churches, hospitals, a laboratory, covered See also:

• MARKET (Lat. mercatus, trade or place of trade)

market, &c . The See also:

• PORT

port is protected by a See also:

• BREAKWATER

breakwater and provided with a See also:

• PIER (older forms per or Pere, from Med. Lat. pera; the word for piers out of water. For river piers, where a firm, watertight is of obscure origin, and the connexion with Fr. Pierre, Lat. stratum is found at a moderate depth below the river-bed, the pctr

pier. on which is the customs-See also:

• HOUSE
• HOUSE (O. Eng. hiss, a word common to Teutonic languages, cf. Dut. huis, Ger. Haus; in Gothic it is only found in gudhiss, a temple; it may be ultimately connected with the root of " hide," conceal)

house . The native See also:

• CAPITAL (i.e. capital stock or fund)
• CAPITAL (Lat. caput, head)

capital of Buganda is Mengo (pop. about 70,000), situated some 20 M .

N. by E. of Entebbe . It is a straggling See also:

• TOWN

town built on seven steep hills: on one See also:

• HILL
• HILL (0. Eng. hyll; cf. Low Ger. hull, Mid. Dutch hul, allied to Lat. celsus, high, collis, hill, &c.)
• HILL, A
• HILL, AARON (1685-175o)
• HILL, AMBROSE POWELL
• HILL, DANIEL HARVEY (1821-1889)
• HILL, DAVID BENNETT (1843–1910)
• HILL, GEORGE BIRKBECK NORMAN (1835-1903)
• HILL, JAMES J
• HILL, JOHN (c. 1716-1775)
• HILL, MATTHEW DAVENPORT (1792-1872)
• HILL, OCTAVIA (1838– )
• HILL, ROWLAND (1744–1833)
• HILL, SIR ROWLAND (1795-1879)

hill is the royal See also:

• RESIDENCE (Latin residere, to remain behind, to dwell, reside)

residence; on another (Namirembe =the hill of See also:

• PEACE
• PEACE, BREACH OF THE

peace) was the See also:

• CATHEDRAL

cathedral of St See also:

• PAUL
• PAUL (PAULUS)

Paul, destroyed by See also:

• LIGHTNING

lightning in See also:

• SEPTEMBER (Lat. septem, seven)

September 191o, and other buildings of the See also:

• ANGLICAN

Anglican See also:

• MISSION

mission . St Paul's was a See also:

• FINE

fine See also:

• GOTHIC

Gothic See also:

• CHURCH
• CHURCH (according to most authorities derived from the Gr. Kvpcaxov [&wµa], " the Lord's [house]," and common to many Teutonic, Slavonic and other languages under various forms—Scottish kirk, Ger. Kirche, Swed. kirka, Dan. kirke, Russ. tserkov, Buig. cerk
• CHURCH, FREDERICK EDWIN (1826-1900)
• CHURCH, GEORGE EARL (1835–1910)
• CHURCH, RICHARD WILLIAM (1815–189o)
• CHURCH, SIR RICHARD (1784–1873)

church of See also:

• BRICK (derived according to some etymologists from the Teutonic bricke, a disk or plate; but more authoritatively, through the French brique, originally a " broken piece," applied especially to bread, and so to clay, from the Teutonic brikan, to break)

brick, built by the Baganda in 1901-1904 . After its destruction steps were at once taken to rebuild the cathedral . On a third hill are the cathedral and mission buildings of the See also:

• ROMAN

Roman Catholics . On still another hill, Kampala, the British fort and See also:

• GOVERNMENT
• GOVERNMENT (0. Fr. governement, mod. gouvernement, O. Fr. governer, mod. gouverner, from Lat. gubernare, to steer a ship, guide, rule; cf. Gr. xv(3epvav)

government and European quarters are situated . Some 71 m . S. by E. of Kampala, and connected with it by mono-See also:

• RAIL

rail, is Kampala Port, on Victoria Nyanza . The capital of the Eastern province is Jinja, on the Victoria Nyanza; immediately above and east of the Ripon Falls . It is a thriving trading centre and port . Hoima is the administrative headquarters in Unyoro; Butiaba is a trading port of some importance on Lake Albert; Mbarara is the capital of Ankole . Kakindu, Mruli, Fowera and Fajao are government stations and trading posts on the Victoria Nile; See also:

• WADELAI

Wadelai (q.v.), Nimule and Gondokoro (q.v.) are similar stations on the Mountain Nile .

Bululu is a port on Lake Ibrahim . See also:

• AGRICULTURE
• AGRICULTURE (from Lat. ages, field, and colere, to cultivate)
• AGRICULTURE, BOARD OF

Agriculture and See also:

• TRADE (O. Eng. trod, footstep, from tredan, to tread; in M. Eng. the forms teed, trod and trade appear, the last in the sense of a beaten track)
• TRADE, BOARD OF

Trade.—A few plantations are owned and managed by Europeans . Otherwise agriculture is in the hands of the natives . Some Baganda chiefs have started See also:

• COTTON
• COTTON (Fr. coton; from Arab. qutun)
• COTTON, CHARLES (163o–1687)
• COTTON, GEORGE EDWARD LYNCH (1813–1866)
• COTTON, JOHN (1585–1652)
• COTTON, SIR ROBERT BRUCE

cotton, See also:

• RUBBER, INDIARUBBER

rubber and See also:

• COCOA

cocoa plantations, the botanic See also:

• DEPARTMENT (Fr. departement, from departir, to separate into parts)

department assisting in this enterprise . Path and Funtumia rubber trees are also cultivated by the department . (For the See also:

• WORK

work of the botanic, forestry and scientific department, the government plantations, &c., see the Colonial See also:

• REPORT (O.Fr. report or raport, modern rapport, from O.Fr. reporter, mod. rap porter, Lat. reportare, to bring back, in poetical use only, of bringing back an account, news, &c.)

Report [See also:

• MISCELLANEOUS

Miscellaneous], No . 64.) A forest area of 150 sq. m. has been leased to a European See also:

• COMPANY

company . Trade is mainly conducted by native (i.e . Arab, Somali and Negro) traders, by British Indians and by Germans . The value of the trade during 1901–1902 was approximately £400,000 in imports (largely railway material) and 50,000 in exports . The articles exported were See also:

• IVORY (Fr. ivoire, Lat. ebur)
• IVORY, SIR JAMES (1765-1842)

ivory, rubber, skins and hides, and livestock (for See also:

• CONSUMPTION (Lat. consumere)

consumption in East Africa) . These, except livestock, continue to be the main items of export .

For the six years 1903–1904 to 1908-1909 the imports increased from £147,000 to £419,000, and the exports—produce of the protectorate—from £43,000 to £127,000 . The imports included the transit trade (with the Belgian Congo and German East Africa), which grew from £8460 in 1903–1904 to £82,615 in 1908–1909 . The transit trade in the last-named See also:

• YEAR

year included See also:

• BULLION

bullion valued at £33,000, being raw gold from the Kilo mines, Belgian Congo . Among the new See also:

• INDUSTRIES

industries are See also:

• SUGAR

sugar and See also:

• COFFEE (Fr: cafe, Ger. Kaffee)

coffee plantations, while cotton, ground-nuts and rubber figure increasingly among the exports, cotton and cotton-See also:

• SEED (from the root seen in Lat. serere, to sow)

seed being of See also:

• SPECIAL

special importance . Cotton goods, chiefly " Americani,'" are the See also:

• CHIEF (from Fr. chef, head, Lat. caput)

chief imports, machinery, hardware and provisions ranking next . Large quantities of See also:

• RICE (Greek 6p6 a, Latin oryza, French riz, Italian riso, Spanish arroz, derived from the Arabic)
• RICE, EDMUND IGNATIUS (1762-1844)
• RICE, JAMES (1843-1882)

rice are imported from German East Africa . About 5o% of the imports are from the See also:

• UNITED

United Kingdom and British possessions . Communications.—In connexion with the railway from See also:

• MOMBASA

Mombasa to Victoria Nyanza a steamship service is maintained on the lake between Port See also:

• FLORENCE
• FLORENCE (Ital. Firenze, Lat. Florentia)

Florence, Entebbe and other ports, including those in German territory . Government boats also ply on the Victoria Nile and Lake Kioga (Ibrahim) and on Albert Nyanza and the Mountain Nile . A railway (begun in 1910), some 50 M. long, runs from Jinja to Kakindu, i.e. along the Victoria Nile from its point of issue from the Nyanza to where it becomes navigable above Lake Kioga . Good roads connect Entebbe and Butiaba (the steamboat See also:

• TERMINUS

terminus on Albert Nyanza) and other districts . There is a direct telegraphic service to Gondokoro and Khartum and to Mombasa .

The postal service is well organized . Administrative Divisions and Government.-The protectorate is divided into five provinces—Rudolf, Eastern (formerly central), kingdom of Buganda, Western, and Northern (formerly Nile)—and these again into a number of administrative districts . The kingdom of Buganda, which has a thoroughly efficient and recognized native government, is subdivided into no fewer than nineteen "counties " or districts, but the other provinces have as a rule only three or four subdivisions . The protectorate is administered by a See also:

• GOVERNOR (from the Fr. gouverneur, from gouverner, O. Fr. governer, Lat. gubernare, to steer a ship, to direct, guide)

governor and commanderin-chief, under the colonial See also:

• OFFICE (from Lat. officium, " duty," " service," a shortened form of opifacium, from facere, " to do," and either the stem of opes, " wealth," " aid," or opus, " work ")

office, residing at Entebbe, on the north-western coast of the Victoria Nyanza . He is assisted by a See also:

• STAFF (O. Eng. staef, cf. Du. staf, Ger. Stab, &c.; Icel. stafr meant also a written letter, and O. Eng. stafas, the letters of the alphabet; " stave," one of the thin pieces of wood of which a cas