UMBALLA  , or AM$See also:

• ALA

ALA, a See also:

• CITY (through Fr. cite, from Lat. civitas)

city and See also:

• DISTRICT

district of See also:

• BRITISH

British See also:

• INDIA
• INDIA, FRENCH

India, in the See also:

• DELHI, DEHLI

Delhi See also:

• DIVISION (from Lat. dividere, to break up into parts, separate)

division of the See also:

• PUNJAB

Punjab . The city is 3 M . E. of the See also:

• RIVER

river Ghaggar, 902 ft. above the See also:

• SEA (in O. Eng. sae, a common Teutonic word; cf. Ger. See, Dutch Zee, &c.; the ultimate source is uncertain)
• SEA, COMMAND OF THE

sea . Pop . (1901), 78,638 . It has a station on the See also:

• NORTH
• NORTH, BARONS
• NORTH, MARIANNE (1830—1890)
• NORTH, ROGER (1653-1734)
• NORTH, SIR THOMAS (1535?-16o1?)

North-Western railway (1077 M . N.W. of See also:

• CALCUTTA

Calcutta), with a See also:

• BRANCH (from the Fr. branche, late Lat. branca, an animal's paw)

branch See also:

• LINE

line to Kalka at the See also:

• FOOT

foot of the hills (39 m.), which was continued up to See also:

• SIMLA

Simla in 1903 . Umballa owes its importance to a large military See also:

• CANTONMENT (Fr. cantonnement, from cantonner, to quarter; Ger. Ortsunterkunft or Quartier)

cantonment which was first established in 1843, and is the headquarters of a See also:

• CAVALRY (Fr. cavalerie, Ger. Kavallerie or Reiterei, derived ultimately from late Lat. caballus, horse)

cavalry See also:

• BRIGADE (Fr. and Ger. brigade, Ital. brigata, Span. brigada; the English use of the word dates from the early 17th century)

brigade belonging to the See also:

• NORTHERN

Northern See also:

• ARMY
• ARMY (from Fr. armee, Lat. armata)

army . The cantonment, which lies 4 M. See also:

• SOUTH
• SOUTH, ROBERT (1634–1716)

south-See also:

• EAST
• EAST, ALFRED (1849- )

east of the native See also:

• TOWN

town, is well laid out with broad roads shaded by trees . It contains a See also:

• CHURCH
• CHURCH (according to most authorities derived from the Gr. Kvpcaxov [&wµa], " the Lord's [house]," and common to many Teutonic, Slavonic and other languages under various forms—Scottish kirk, Ger. Kirche, Swed. kirka, Dan. kirke, Russ. tserkov, Buig. cerk
• CHURCH, FREDERICK EDWIN (1826-1900)
• CHURCH, GEORGE EARL (1835–1910)
• CHURCH, RICHARD WILLIAM (1815–189o)
• CHURCH, SIR RICHARD (1784–1873)

church, a See also:

• CLUB (connected with " clump ")

club-See also:

• HOUSE
• HOUSE (O. Eng. hiss, a word common to Teutonic languages, cf. Dut. huis, Ger. Haus; in Gothic it is only found in gudhiss, a temple; it may be ultimately connected with the root of " hide," conceal)

house, several hotels and See also:

• ENGLISH

English shops . The DISTRICT OF UMBALLA has an See also:

• AREA

area of 1851 sq. m . With one small exception it consists of a level alluvial See also:

• PLAIN (O. Fr. plain, from Lat. plenum)

plain, sloping away gradually from the foot of the Himalayas, and lying between the See also:

• RIVERS
• RIVERS, ANTHONY WOODVILLE, or WYDEVILLE, 2ND EARL (c. 1442—1483)
• RIVERS, EARL
• RIVERS, RICHARD SAVAGE, 4TH EARL (c. 1660—1712)

rivers See also:

• JUMNA, or JAMUNA

Jumna and See also:

• SUTLEJ

Sutlej .

These rivers do not materially affect the district, which has a drainage See also:

• SYSTEM

system consisting of the numerous torrents which pour down from the hills . In. the south these torrents run in broad sandy beds scarcely below the See also:

• SURFACE

surface of the See also:

• COUNTRY (from the Mid. Eng. contre or contrie, and O. Fr. cuntree; Late Lat. contrata, showing the derivation from contra, opposite, over against, thus the tract of land which fronts the sight, cf. Ger. Gegend, neighbourhood)

country, and vary from 200 yds. to 1 m. in width, until, at a distance of 20 or 30 M. from the hills, they become comparatively docile streams, with well-defined See also:

• CLAY (from O. Eng. claeg, a word common in various forms to Teutonic languages, cf. Ger. Klei)
• CLAY, CASSIUS MARCELLUS (1810-1903)
• CLAY, CHARLES (1801–1893)
• CLAY, FREDERIC (1838–1889)
• CLAY, HENRY (1777–1852)

clay See also:

• BANKS, GEORGE LINNAEUS (1821-1881)
• BANKS, NATHANIEL PRENTISS (1816–1894)
• BANKS, SIR JOSEPH
• BANKS, THOMAS (1735-1805)

banks . Towards the north the torrents run in deep beds from the point where they debouch from the hills; they also differ from the streams of the south in being See also:

• FREE

free from See also:

• SAND
• SAND, GEORGE (1804-1876)

sand . The See also:

• PRINCIPAL

principal of these northern streams is the Ghaggar, intc which the See also:

• MINOR
• MINOR (Lat. for smaller, lesser)
• MINOR, ROBERT CRANNELL (1839-1904)

minor streams empty themselves, some within and some beyond the limits of the district . Whatever surplus See also:

• WATER

water of this river is not swallowed up by See also:

• IRRIGATION (Lat. in, and rigare, to water or wet)

irrigation passes on through See also:

• PATIALA, or PUTTIALA

Patiala See also:

• STATE
• STATE, GREAT OFFICERS OF

state and See also:

• SIRSA

Sirsa, and is finally lost in the sands of See also:

• RAJPUTANA

Rajputana . The Ghaggar is the only perennial stream within the district, but dwindles to a tiny rivulet in the dry See also:

• SEASON (0. Fr. seson, seison, mod. saison, Lat. satio, sowing time, the spring, from serere, to sow; in Late Lat. the word is found with its present meaning, the spring being considered as particularly the season of the year)

season, and disappears altogether beyond the border of the district . In 1901 the See also:

• POPULATION (Lat. populus, people; populare, to populate)

population was 8i5,88o, showing a decrease of 5.6 % in the See also:

• DECADE (from Gr. Oka, ten)

decade . The principal crops are See also:

• WHEAT
• WHEAT (Triticum)

wheat, See also:

• MAIZE, or INDIAN CORN

maize, See also:

• PULSE

pulse, millets, See also:

• RICE (Greek 6p6 a, Latin oryza, French riz, Italian riso, Spanish arroz, derived from the Arabic)
• RICE, EDMUND IGNATIUS (1762-1844)
• RICE, JAMES (1843-1882)

rice, See also:

• COTTON
• COTTON (Fr. coton; from Arab. qutun)
• COTTON, CHARLES (163o–1687)
• COTTON, GEORGE EDWARD LYNCH (1813–1866)
• COTTON, JOHN (1585–1652)
• COTTON, SIR ROBERT BRUCE

cotton and some See also:

• SUGAR

sugar-See also:

• CANE

cane . There are factories for ginning and pressing cotton, and also for grinding wheat . Two opposite corners of the district are watered by the See also:

• SIRHIND

Sirhind and the Eastern Jumna canals . A portion is crossed by the See also:

• MAIN (from the Aryan root which appears in " may " and " might," and Lat. magnus, great)
• MAIN (Lat. Moenus)

main line of the North-Western railway and by the Delhi-Umballa-Kalka railway, which have their junction at Umballa city . Umballa is one of the territories previously held by numerous See also:

• SIKH

Sikh sirdars, which were attacked by Ranjit Singh during one of his marauding expeditions .

This caused the See also:

• MOVEMENT

movement of British troops in 1809 which resulted in the treaty with Ranjit Singh, by which he was required to withdraw his army from the See also:

• LEFT

left See also:

• BANK

bank of the Sutlej and to relinquish his See also:

• RECENT

recent conquests in Sirhind . In See also:

• JUNE

June 1849, after the second Sikh See also:

• WAR
• WAR (O. Eng. werre, Fr. guerre, of Teutonic origin; cf. O.H.G. werran, to confound)

War had brought the Punjab under British See also:

• RULE

rule, the chiefs were deprived of all See also:

• SOVEREIGN

sovereign See also:

• POWER [WILLIAM GRATTAN] TYRONE (1797-1841)

power and the district took practically its See also:

• MODERN

modern See also:

• FORM (Lat. forma)

form . In See also:

• MARCH
• MARCH (1) (from Fr. marcher, to walk; the earliest sense in French appears to be " to trample," and the origin has usually been found in the Lat. marcus, hammer; Low Lat. marcare, to hammer; hence to beat the road with the regular tread of a soldier: cf.
• MARCH, AUZIAS (c. "1395-1458)
• MARCH, EARLS OF
• MARCH, FRANCIS ANDREW (1825– )

March 1869 a See also:

• GRAND

grand See also:

• DURBAR

durbar was held at Umballa on the occasion of the visit of the See also:

• AMIR, or AMEER (an Arabic word meaning " commander," from the root amr, " commanding ")

amir Shere See also:

• ALI

Ali .