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UNDER THE UNITED

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Originally appearing in Volume V19, Page 526 of the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica.
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UNDER THE

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UNITED  STATES 1846–18473
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Governors by Military Appointment . Charles Bent . . Donaciano Vigil . 1847–1848 John Marshall Washington 1848–1849' John Munroe 1849–18514 Governors by Presidential Appointment . James S . Calhoun . . . . 1851-1852 E . V . Sumner (Military
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Commander, acting) 1852 John Greiner (Secretary, acting) 1852 William Carr Lane 1852–1853 David Merriwether 1853–1857 Abraham Rencher 1857–1861 Henry Connelly . 1861-1865 W . E .

M . Arny (Secretary, acting) 1865–1866

Robert B . Mitchell 1866-1869 William A .
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Pile . 1869-1871 Marsh Gidding 1871-1875 William G . Ritch (Secretary, acting) 1875
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Samuel B . Axtell . 1875-1878 Lewis Wallace 1878–1881 Lionel A . Sheldon . 1881–1885 Edmund G . Ross . . 1885-1889 L .

Bradford Prince . 1889–1893 William T . Thornton . 1893–1897 Miguel A . Otero . 1897–1906 Herbert J . Hagerman . 1906–1907 J . W . Raynolds (Secretary, acting as governor) 1907 George
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Curry . . 1907-1909 William J . Mills .

. 1909- W . Cozzens, The

Ancient Cibola . or, Three Years in Arizona and New Mexico (Boston, 1891) ; W . H . H . Davis, El Gringo, or, New Mexico and her
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People (New York, 1857) ; M . Frost and A . F . Walker The
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Land of
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Sunshine (
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Santa Fe, 1904) ; V . L . Sullivan, " Irrigation in New Mexico " (Washington, 1909), Experiment Stations Bulletin 215; and F . A . Jones, New Mexico Mines and Minerals (Santa Fe, 1904) .

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History: H . H . Bancroft, Arizona and New Mexico (
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San 2 Under the republic until 1837 the governor was officially designated as jefe politico; after that date as gobernador . 3 Assassinated during the Mexican revolt on the 19th of
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January 184 Governor as Commander of the Department . Francisco, 1889): A . F . Bandelier, Contributions to the History of and Algiers, or West New Orleans, a
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part of the city, are in-the South-western Portion of the
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United States, being vol. v.,
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American dustrial suburbs on the west
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bank of the
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Mississippi, connected with the east bank by a steam ferry and with one another by electric railway . At Algiers are railway terminals and repair shops of the
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Southern Pacific and the
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Texas & Pacific; and the United States
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Naval Station here, which was built in 1844 (though land was bought for it in 1849), and has a large steel floating dry
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dock, is the only fresh-
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water station south of Ports-mouth, Virginia, and is equipped to make all repairs . The city site is almost perfectly level; there is an exceedingly slight slope from the
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river toward the tidal morasses that border Lake Pontchartrain . The
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elevation of the city plain is only to ft. above the sea, and its
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lower parts are as much as 10-12 ft. below the Mississippi at high flood water . About 6 m. of heavy " levees " or dykes—in some parts rising clear above the city plain, but backed by filled-in areas graded down from the shores where the
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traffic of the water-front is concentrated—protect it from the waters . The speed of the current reaches, in times of high water, a
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rate of 5 M. an
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hour .

Along the immediate front of the

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principal commercial quarter, this current, losing some of its force by change of direction, deposits its
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alluvium in such quantities as to produce a constant encroachment of the
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shore upon the harbour . At its widest part this new land or batture, with wharves, streets and warehouses following eagerly after it, has advanced some 1500 ft. beyond the water-
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line of the
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middle of the 18th century . The
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climate is not marked by extremes of absolute heat or cold . Only once in
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thirty-seven years (1871–1907) did the thermometer
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register as high as 1020 F., and on only a few days did it register above 96°; in
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February 1899 the temperature was 7°, but it rarely falls below 22° . The
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average
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annual rainfall is about 58 in . Canal Street, the centre of
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retail trade and street
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life, bounds on the south-west near the river the Vieux Card—the old rectangle within the walls of the
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original city, bounded by the river, Canal, Rampart and Esplanade streets—and separates the picturesque, peaceful French (or Latin) Quarter of the north-east from the bustling business and dignified residence districts of the American Quarter, or New City, on the south-west . In the latter St Charles Avenue and Prytania Street have the finest residences, and in the former Esplanade Avenue . Just below Canal Street, in the
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oldest part of the American Quarter, are many of the most important or imposing buildings of the city, and some of the places most intimately associated with its history . Here are the St Charles Hotel (1894), the third of that name on the
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present site, all famous hostelries, and the first (1838–1851) one of the earliest of the
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great hotels of the country; and
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Lafayette Square, surrounded by the City Hall (built in 185o in the style of an Ionic temple), the new
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Post Office, two handsome churches, St Patrick's and the First Presbyterian, Odd Fellows' Hall and other buildings . In the square are statues of Henry Clay (by Joel T . Hart) and Franklin (by Hiram Powers), and a monument to John McDonogh (1898); and in the vicinity are the Howard Memorial Library (1887; a memorial to Charles T . Howard), which was the last
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work of H .

H .

Richardson, a native of
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Louisiana, and the Confederate Memorial Hall (presented to the city by F . T . Howard) with Confederate relics . Twc blocks away in
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Marguerite Place is a statue erected (1884) by the
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women of the city to Margaret Haughery (d . 1882), the "
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Orphan's Friend," a noble woman of humble birth and circumstances, who devoted a toilful but successful life to charities . In Lee Circle is a monument to Robert E . Lee, and facing it is the New Orleans Public Library
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building (1908) . Just off Canal Street, at Carondelet 1 and Gravier Street, is the Cotton
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Exchange (1882–1883), and in
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Magazine Street the Produce Exchange . The large office buildings are on Canal, Carondelet,
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Common and Gravier streets; among them may be mentioned the Maison Blanche, the Hennen Building, the Tulane Newcomb Building and the Canal Louisiana Bank and
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Trust
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Company Building .

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