URANUS (

See also:

• HEAVEN (0. Eng. hefen, heofon, heofone; this word appears in O.S. hevan; the High. Ger. word appears in Ger. Himmel, Dutch hemel; there does not seem to be any connexion between the two words, and the ultimate derivation of the word is unknown; the sugges

Heaven)  , in Greek mythology, the husband of Gaea (Earth), and father of Cronus (Saturn) and other deities . As such he represents the generative power of the sky, which fructifies the earth with the warmth of the sun and the moisture of rain . For the legend of his treatment by Cronus and its meaning, see SATURN . Uranus and other Greek gods anterior to Zeus were probably deities worshipped by earlier barbarous inhabitants of the land . The Roman Caelus (or Caelum) is simply a translation of the Greek Oupavos, not the name of a distinct national divinity . There is no evidence of the existence of a cult of Caelus, the occurrence of the name in dedicatory inscriptions being due to Oriental influences, the worship of the sky being closely connected with that of Mithras . Caelus is sometimes associated with Terra, represented in plastic art as an old, bearded man holding a robe stretched out over his head in the form of an arch . See Wissowa, Religion der Romer (1902), p . 304, and his article in Pauly-Wissowa's Realencyclopadie, iii. pt . 1 (18997) ; also Steuding in Roscher's Lexikon der Mythologie and De Vies Onomasticon (suppt. to Forcellini's Lexicon) . URA-TYUBE, or ORA-TEPE, a town of Russian Turkestan, in the province of Samarkand, lying 37 M . S.W. of Khojent, on the road from Ferghana to Jizak across the Zarafshan range .

Pop . (1900) 22,088, chiefly Uzbegs . It is surrounded by a

wall and has a citadel . The inhabitants carry on trade in horses and camel-wool cloth, and manufacture cottons, boots and shoes, oil, and camel's-hair shawls . Ura-tyube is sup-posed to have been founded by Cyrus under the name of Cyropol, and was taken in 329 B.C. by Alexander the Great of Macedon . Later it was the capital of an independent state, though often held by either Bokhara or Kokand . The Russians took it in 1866 .