See also:URBINO (anc. Urvinum Mataurense)
, a See also:city and archiepiscopal see of the See also:Marches, See also:Italy, in the See also:province of See also:Pesaro and See also:Urbino, 19 M. See also:direct S.W. of Pesaro and 50 M. by See also:rail N. by W. of See also:Fabriano, a junction on the See also:line from See also:Ancona to See also:Rome
.
Pop
.
(1901) 6809 (See also:town), 18,244 (See also:commune)
.
It is picturesquely situated on an abrupt See also:- HILL
- HILL (0. Eng. hyll; cf. Low Ger. hull, Mid. Dutch hul, allied to Lat. celsus, high, collis, hill, &c.)
- HILL, A
- HILL, AARON (1685-175o)
- HILL, AMBROSE POWELL
- HILL, DANIEL HARVEY (1821-1889)
- HILL, DAVID BENNETT (1843–1910)
- HILL, GEORGE BIRKBECK NORMAN (1835-1903)
- HILL, JAMES J
- HILL, JOHN (c. 1716-1775)
- HILL, MATTHEW DAVENPORT (1792-1872)
- HILL, OCTAVIA (1838– )
- HILL, ROWLAND (1744–1833)
- HILL, SIR ROWLAND (1795-1879)
hill 148o ft. above See also:sea-level; its streets are narrow and crooked, and the town has a See also:medieval aspect
.
It is dominated by the ducal See also:palace erected by Luciano da Laurana, a Dalmatian architect, in 1460-82, for Federigo Montefeltro, and regarded by the contemporaries of the founder as the ideal of a princely See also:residence
.
The sculptured doorways, chimneys and friezes of the interior are especially See also:fine
.
Some are by Domenico See also:Rosselli of See also:Florence, others by Ambrogio d'See also:Antonio da Milano
.
The See also:rich and beautifully executed intarsia See also:work may be due to See also:Baccio Pontelli
.
The massive irregularity of the exterior is due to the unevenness of the site
.
The decoration of the exterior was never completed; but the arcaded courtyard is the finest of the See also:Renaissance, except perhaps that of the Cancelleria at Rome (See also:Burckhardt)
.
The palace is now partly used for See also:government purposes, and also contains the municipal archives, a collection of See also:ancient See also:inscriptions, formed by the epigraphist Raffaele See also:Fabretti (many of them from Rome), a See also:gallery of See also:sculpture of various periods and a picture gallery
.
This last contains a small but interesting collection of pictures, including See also:works by See also:Paolo Uccello, Giovanni Santi, Justus of See also:Ghent, Timoteo della Vite, and other 15th-See also:century artists, also a " Resurrection " by See also:Titian (a See also:late work)
.
The picture of the " Last Supper " by Justus is specially valuable from its containing fine portraits of the Montefeltro See also:family and members of the ducal See also:court
.
The See also:cathedral, a See also:building of no See also:special See also:interest, stands in the See also:great piazza See also:close to the ducal palace
.
It was erected in 18o1 after the collapse of the former structure
.
In the See also:sacristy there is a very beautiful See also:miniature-like See also:painting of the " Scourging of See also:Christ," by See also:Piero della Francesca, and other pictures by later artists
.
In the See also:crypt there is a fine pieta in See also:marble by Giovanni da See also:Bologna
.
Opposite the palace is the See also:- CHURCH
- CHURCH (according to most authorities derived from the Gr. Kvpcaxov [&wµa], " the Lord's [house]," and common to many Teutonic, Slavonic and other languages under various forms—Scottish kirk, Ger. Kirche, Swed. kirka, Dan. kirke, Russ. tserkov, Buig. cerk
- CHURCH, FREDERICK EDWIN (1826-1900)
- CHURCH, GEORGE EARL (1835–1910)
- CHURCH, RICHARD WILLIAM (1815–189o)
- CHURCH, SIR RICHARD (1784–1873)
church of S
.
Domenico, a See also:Gothic building with a See also:good See also:early Renaissance portal and a See also:relief in the See also:lunette by Luca della Robbia (1449)
.
The interior was spoilt in the 17th century
.
S
.
See also:Francesco has a fine 14th-century loggia and campanile, and a handsome portal of achapel in the interior by Constantino Trappola (15th century)
.
S
.
Bernardino, outside the town, is a See also:plain early Renaissance structure
.
On the walls of the See also:chapel of the gild or See also:con-fraternity of See also:San Giovanni Battista are some valuable early frescoes, painted by Lorenzo and Giacomo See also:Salimbene da San Severino in 1416
.
In the church of S
.
Spirito are two paintings by Luca See also:Signorelli, the " Crucifixion " and the " See also:Day of See also:Pentecost," originally intended for a processional banner
.
The modest See also:house where See also:Raphael was See also:born and spent his boyhood is preserved
.
It is now the See also:property of a society of artists
.
Its rooms See also:form a museum of engravings and other records of Raphael's works, together with a picture of the Madonna by his See also:father, Giovanni Santi, formerly thought to be by Raphael himself
.
A See also:monument was erected to him in the piazza in 1897
.
The See also:theatre, decorated by See also:Girolamo See also:Genga, is one of the earliest in Italy; in it was performed the first See also:Italian See also:comedy, the Calandria of See also:Cardinal Bibbiena, the friend of See also:Leo X. and Raphael
.
The magnificent library formed by the Montefeltro and Della Rovere See also:dukes was removed to Rome, and incorporated in the Vatican library (but with a See also:separate numbering) in 1657
.
There is a See also:free university founded in 1564 which has two faculties (with 163,students in 1902-03), and also a technical school
.
The town has manufactures of See also:silk, See also:majolica and bricks
.
The ancient town of Urvinum Mataurense (taking its name from the See also:river Mataurus or Metaurus) is mentioned a few times in classical literature, and many inscriptions See also:relating to it exist
.
The course of its walls can still be traced
.
It was an important See also:place in the Gothic See also:wars, and is frequently mentioned by See also:Procopius
.
At the end of the 12th or beginning of the 13th century it came into the See also:possession of the family of Montefeltro
.
Of this by far the most important member was Federigo da Montefeltro, See also:lord of Urbino from 1444 to 1482, one of the most successful condottieri chiefs of his See also:- TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
- TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
- TIME, STANDARD
time, and not only a See also:man of great military and See also:political ability, but also an enthusiastic See also:patron of See also:art and literature, on which he lavished immense sums of See also:money
.
Federigo much strengthened his position, first by his own See also:marriage with Battista, one of the powerful See also:Sforza family, and secondly by marrying his daughter to Giovanni della Rovere, the favourite See also:nephew of See also:Pope See also:Sixtus IV., who in return conferred upon Federigo the See also:title of See also:duke
.
Federigo's only son Guidubaldo, who succeeded his father, married in 1489 the gifted See also:Elizabeth See also:Gonzaga, of the ruling family in See also:Mantua
.
In 1497 he was expelled from Urbino by See also:Caesar See also:Borgia, son of See also:Alexander VI., but regained his dukedom in 1503, after Caesar's See also:death
.
Guidubaldo was the last duke of the Montefeltro line; at his death in 1508 he bequeathed his coronet to Francesco Maria della Rovere, nephew of See also:Julius II., and for about a century Urbino was ruled by its second See also:dynasty of the Della Rovere family
.
In 1626 the last descendant of Francesco, called Francesco Maria II., when old and childless abdicated in favour of Pope See also:Urban VIII., after which time Urbino, with its subject towns of Pesaro, See also:Fano, See also:Fossombrone, See also:Gubbio, See also:Castel See also:Durante, See also:Cagli and about 300 small villages, became See also:part of the papal states until the suppression of the temporal See also:power in 1870
.
During the reigns of Federigo and Guidubaldo, Urbino was one of the foremost centres of activity in art and literature in Italy
.
The palace erected by Federigo has already been mentioned
.
It was at his court that Piero della Francesca wrote his celebrated work on the See also:science of See also:perspective, Francesco di Giorgio See also:Martini his Trattato d' architettura (published by See also:Saluzzo, See also:Turin, 1841), and Giovanni Santi his poetical See also:account of the See also:chief artists of his time
.
The refined magnificence of Guidubaldo's court is eloquently described by Baldassare See also:Castiglione (q.v.) in his Cortegiano
.
When See also:- HENRY
- HENRY (1129-1195)
- HENRY (c. 1108-1139)
- HENRY (c. 1174–1216)
- HENRY (Fr. Henri; Span. Enrique; Ger. Heinrich; Mid. H. Ger. Heinrich and Heimrich; O.H.G. Haimi- or Heimirih, i.e. " prince, or chief of the house," from O.H.G. heim, the Eng. home, and rih, Goth. reiks; compare Lat. rex " king "—" rich," therefore " mig
- HENRY, EDWARD LAMSON (1841– )
- HENRY, JAMES (1798-1876)
- HENRY, JOSEPH (1797-1878)
- HENRY, MATTHEW (1662-1714)
- HENRY, PATRICK (1736–1799)
- HENRY, PRINCE OF BATTENBERG (1858-1896)
- HENRY, ROBERT (1718-1790)
- HENRY, VICTOR (1850– )
- HENRY, WILLIAM (1795-1836)
Henry VII. of See also:England conferred the See also:- ORDER
- ORDER (through Fr. ordre, for earlier ordene, from Lat. ordo, ordinis, rank, service, arrangement; the ultimate source is generally taken to be the root seen in Lat. oriri, rise, arise, begin; cf. " origin ")
- ORDER, HOLY
order of the Garter on Guidubaldo, Castiglione was sent to England with a See also:letter of thanks and with the. small picture, now in the Louvre, of " St See also:George and the See also:Dragon," painted by Raphael in 1504, as a See also:present to the See also:English See also:- KING
- KING (O. Eng. cyning, abbreviated into cyng, cing; cf. O. H. G. chun- kuning, chun- kunig, M.H.G. kiinic, kiinec, kiinc, Mod. Ger. Konig, O. Norse konungr, kongr, Swed. konung, kung)
- KING [OF OCKHAM], PETER KING, 1ST BARON (1669-1734)
- KING, CHARLES WILLIAM (1818-1888)
- KING, CLARENCE (1842–1901)
- KING, EDWARD (1612–1637)
- KING, EDWARD (1829–1910)
- KING, HENRY (1591-1669)
- KING, RUFUS (1755–1827)
- KING, THOMAS (1730–1805)
- KING, WILLIAM (1650-1729)
- KING, WILLIAM (1663–1712)
king
.
This painting was among See also:Charles I.'s collection which was sold by order of the See also:Commonwealth in 1649
.
Throughout the whole of the 16th century the See also:state of Urbino
was one of the chief centres for the See also:production of majolica, especially the towns of Gubbio and Castel Durante
.
Most of the finest pieces of Urbino See also:ware were made specially for the dukes, who covered their sideboards with the rich storied See also:piatti di pompa
.
Among the distinguished names which have been associated with Urbino are those of the Ferrarese painter and friend of Raphael, Timoteo della Vite, who spent most of his See also:life there, and See also:Bramante, the greatest architect of his See also:age
.
The Milanese sculptor, Ambrogio, who worked so much for Federigo, married a See also:lady of Urbino, and was the progenitor of the Baroccio family, among whom were many able mathematicians and painters
.
Federigo Baroccio, Ambrogio's See also:grandson, was a very popular painter, some of whose works still exist in the cathedral and elsewhere in Urbino
.
This city was also the birthplace of Pope See also:Clement XI., of several cardinals of the See also:Alban family, and of Bernardino See also:Baldi, Fabretti, and other able scholars
.
An interesting view of Urbino, in the first See also:half of the 16th century, occurs among the See also:pen drawings in the See also:MSS
.
Arte del vasajo, by the See also:potter Piccolpasso, now in the See also:Victoria and See also:Albert Museum
.
See also E
.
Calzini, Urbino e i suoi monumenti (1897) ; G
.
Lipparini, Urbino (See also:Bergamo, 1903)
.
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