See also:

• URGA (the Russian form of the Mongol Orgo = palace of a high official)

URGA (the See also:

• RUSSIAN

Russian See also:

• FORM (Lat. forma)

form of the Mongol Orgo = See also:

• PALACE (Lat. Palatium, the name given by Augustus to his residence on the Palatine Hill)

palace of a high See also:

• OFFICIAL (Late Lat. QJicialis, for class. Lat. apparitor, from officium, office, duty)

official)  , a See also:

• CITY (through Fr. cite, from Lat. civitas)

city of See also:

• MONGOLIA

Mongolia, and the administrative centre of the See also:

• URI

URI 795 See also:

• NORTHERN

northern and eastern Kalka tribes, in 48° 20' N., 107° 30' E., on a tributary of the Tola See also:

• RIVER

river . It is the See also:

• HOLY

holy city of the See also:

• MONGOLS

Mongols and the See also:

• RESIDENCE (Latin residere, to remain behind, to dwell, reside)

residence of the " Living See also:

• BUDDHA

Buddha," See also:

• METROPOLITAN (Lat. metropolitanus, Gr. µnrpoiroXtrns)

metropolitan of the Kalka tribes, who ranks third in degree of veneration among the dignitaries of the Lamaist See also:

• CHURCH
• CHURCH (according to most authorities derived from the Gr. Kvpcaxov [&wµa], " the Lord's [house]," and common to many Teutonic, Slavonic and other languages under various forms—Scottish kirk, Ger. Kirche, Swed. kirka, Dan. kirke, Russ. tserkov, Buig. cerk
• CHURCH, FREDERICK EDWIN (1826-1900)
• CHURCH, GEORGE EARL (1835–1910)
• CHURCH, RICHARD WILLIAM (1815–189o)
• CHURCH, SIR RICHARD (1784–1873)

Church . This " resplendently divine lama " resides in a sacred See also:

• QUARTER (through Fr. from Lat. quartarius, fourth part)

quarter on the western See also:

• SIDE
• SIDE (mod. Eski Adalia)

side of the See also:

• TOWN

town, and acts as the spiritual colleague of the See also:

• CHINESE, JAPANESE AND

Chinese amban, who controls all temporal matters, and who is specially charged with the See also:

• CONTROL (Fr. contrdle, older form contre rolle, from Med. Lat. contra-rotulus, a counter roll or copy of a document used to check the original; there is no instance in English of the use of " control " in this, its literal, meaning)

control of the frontier town of See also:

• KIAKHTA

Kiakhta and the See also:

• TRADE (O. Eng. trod, footstep, from tredan, to tread; in M. Eng. the forms teed, trod and trade appear, the last in the sense of a beaten track)
• TRADE, BOARD OF

trade conducted there with the Russians . Hurae, as the Mongols See also:

• CALL (from Anglo-Saxon ceallian, a common Teutonic word, cf. Dutch kallen, to talk or chatter)

call See also:

• URGA (the Russian form of the Mongol Orgo = palace of a high official)

Urga (Chinese name, K'ulun), stands on the high road from See also:

• PEKING, or PEKIN

Peking to Kiakhta (Kiachta), about 700 M . N.W. of Peking and 165 m . S. of Kiakhta . There are three distinct quarters: the Kuren or monastery, the residence of the " Living Buddha "; the Mongol city proper (in which live some 13,000 monks); and the Chinese town, two or three See also:

• MILES, NELSON APPLETON (1839— )

miles from the Mongol quarter . Besides the monks the inhabitants number about 25,000 . The Chinese town is the See also:

• GREAT

great trading quarter . The houses in this See also:

• PART

part are more substantially built than in the Mongol town, and the streets have a well-to-do See also:

• APPEARANCE (from Lat. apparere, to appear)

appearance . The See also:

• LAW
• LAW (0. Eng. lagu, M. Eng. lawe; from an old Teutonic root lag, " lie," what lies fixed or evenly; cf. Lat. lex, Fr. loi)
• LAW, JOHN (1671—1729)
• LAW, WILLIAM (1686-1761)

law which prohibits Chinamen from bringing their wives and families into the See also:

• PLACE (through Fr. from Lat. platea, street; Gr. IrAar6s, wide)

place tends to check increase . There is considerable trade between the Russians, Mongols and Chinese, chiefly in See also:

• CATTLE (Norman Fr. catel, from Late Lat. capitale, wealth or property, a word applied in the feudal system to movable property and particularly to live stock, and surviving in its wider meaning as " chattel " or " chattle ")

cattle, camels, horses, See also:

• SHEEP
• SHEEP (from the Anglo-Saxon sceap, a word common in various forms to Teutonic languages; e.g. the German Schaf)

sheep, piece-goods and See also:

• MILK (0. Eng. meoluc; from a common Indo-European root, cf. Lat. mulgere, Gr. ?t dXyetv)

milk .

Until the second See also:

• HALF

half of the 19th See also:

• CENTURY (from Lat. centuria, a division of a hundred men)

century bricks of See also:

• TEA (Chinese cha, Amoy dialect t€)

tea formed the only circulating See also:

• MEDIUM

medium for the See also:

• RETAIL

retail trade at Urga, but Chinese See also:

• BRASS
• BRASS (O. Eng. braes)

brass See also:

• CASH

cash then began to pass current in the markets . The trade of Urga is valued at over £1,000,000 a See also:

• YEAR

year . The temples in the Mongol quarter are numerous and imposing, and in one is a gilt See also:

• IMAGE (Lat. imago, perhaps from the same root as imitari, copy, imitate)

image of See also:

• MAITREYA

Maitreya Bodhisattva, 33 ft. in height and weighing 125 tons . When in 1904, on the occasion of the See also:

• BRITISH

British expedition to See also:

• TIBET, or THIBET

Tibet, the Dalai Lama withdrew from Lhassa he went to Urga, where he remained until 1908 . During his residence there the Dalai Lama would have no communication with the Urga Lama—described as a drunken profligate (see The Chinese See also:

• EMPIRE

Empire, ed . M . Broomhall, See also:

• LONDON

London, 1907, p . 357) . The Chinese contemplate See also:

• BUILDING

building a railway from Peking to Urga . The first See also:

• SECTION
• SECTION (Lat. sectio, cutting, secare, to cut)

section, to See also:

• KALGAN (CHANG-CHIA K'ow)

Kalgan, was completed in 1909 (see See also:

• CHINA

CHINA, § Communications) .