See also:

• LAKE
• LAKE, GERARD LAKE, 1ST VISCOUNT (1744-1808)

LAKE OF See also:

• LAKE OF URMIA (also spelt URUMIAH)

URMIA (also spelt URUMIAH)  , a See also:

• LAKE
• LAKE, GERARD LAKE, 1ST VISCOUNT (1744-1808)

lake in See also:

• NORTH
• NORTH, BARONS
• NORTH, MARIANNE (1830—1890)
• NORTH, ROGER (1653-1734)
• NORTH, SIR THOMAS (1535?-16o1?)

north-western See also:

• PERSIA

Persia, between 370 10' and 38° 20' N. and between 45° 1o' and 46° E., which takes its name (Pers . Deryacheh i See also:

• URMIA, LAKE OF (also spelt URUMIAH)

Urmia, Turk . Urmi gol) from the See also:

• TOWN

town of Urmia, situated near its western See also:

• SHORE

shore, but is also known as the Deryacheh i Shahi and Shahi gol . The limits of the lake vary much, the length, N.–S., from 8o to 90 m., the width, E.–W., from 30 to 45, being greater in the See also:

• SEASON (0. Fr. seson, seison, mod. saison, Lat. satio, sowing time, the spring, from serere, to sow; in Late Lat. the word is found with its present meaning, the spring being considered as particularly the season of the year)

season of high See also:

• WATER

water—in See also:

• SPRING (from " to spring," " to leap or jump up," " burst out," O. Eng., springau, a common Teut. word, cf. Ger. springer, possibly allied to Gr. QnrFpxecOac, to move rapidly)

spring when the snows melt—and considerably less in the season of See also:

• LOW, SETH (1850- )
• LOW, WILL HICOK (1853- )

low water . A rise of the level by only a few inches extends the shore of the lake for See also:

• MILES, NELSON APPLETON (1839— )

miles inland, and it may be estimated that the See also:

• SURFACE

surface covered by the lake during high water is See also:

• HALF

half as much again as that during low water, The Shahi See also:

• PENINSULA
• PENINSULA (Lat. paeninsula, from paene, almost, and insula, an island)

peninsula, which juts out into the lake from the eastern See also:

• BANK

bank, is an See also:

• ISLAND (O.E. ieg =isle, +land')

island during the season of high water and also sometimes after heavy autumnal rains, separated from the mainland by several miles of shallow water . The mean See also:

• DEPTH

depth of the lake is 15 to 16 ft., and its greatest depth probably does not exceed so ft . The lake has in See also:

• RECENT

recent years exhibited extraordinary changes of level, and it is not certain whether some occasional extraordinary rises of level were due to a See also:

• MOVEMENT

movement of the See also:

• EARTH
• EARTH (a word common to Teutonic languages, cf. Ger. Erde, Dutch aarde, Swed. and Dan. jord; outside Teutonic it appears only in the Gr. 'pq'e, on the ground; it has been connected by some etymologists with the Aryan root ar-, to plough, which is seen in
• EARTH, FIGURE OF
• EARTH, FIGURE OF THE

earth's crust or merely to an increase of rainfall as compared with evaporation . See also:

• GUNTHER, JOHANN CHRISTIAN (1695-1723)

Gunther calculated that the lake covered 1795 sq. m., but he did not See also:

• STATE
• STATE, GREAT OFFICERS OF

state whether during high or low water . De See also:

• MORGAN
• MORGAN, DANIEL (1736-1802)
• MORGAN, EDWIN DENNISON (1811-1883)
• MORGAN, JOHN HUNT (1825-1864)
• MORGAN, JOHN PIERPONT (1837–1913)
• MORGAN, LEWIS HENRY (1818-1881)
• MORGAN, SYDNEY, LADY (c. 1783-1859)
• MORGAN, THOMAS (d. 1743)

Morgan gives 4000 and 6000 sq. kilometres (1544 and 2317 sq. m.) for low and high water respectively . In the See also:

• SOUTHERN

southern half of the lake is a cluster of about fifty rocky islands composed of See also:

• MIOCENE

Miocene strata with marine shells, echinoderms and See also:

• CORALS (KoRAis), ADAMANTIOS [in French, DIAMANT CORAY] (1748–1833)

corals, much resembling the beds of the See also:

• VIENNA (Ger. Wien; Lat. Vindobona)
• VIENNA, CONGRESS OF (1814-1815)

Vienna See also:

• BASIN, or BASON (the older form bacin is found in many of the Romanic languages, from the Late Lat. baccinus or bacchinus, probably derived from bacca, a bowl)
• BASIN, THOMAS (1412—1491)

basin . The largest of these islands, Koyun daghi, i.e . " See also:

• SHEEP
• SHEEP (from the Anglo-Saxon sceap, a word common in various forms to Teutonic languages; e.g. the German Schaf)

Sheep-See also:

• MOUNTAIN (0. Fr. montaigne; popular Lat. montanea, an adjectival form from the classical mons, montis, whence Eng. " mount," a form usually used along with the name of an individual mountain, e.g. Mt Everest)
• MOUNTAIN, THE (La Montagne)

mountain," is 3 to 4 M. See also:

• LONG, GEORGE (1800-1879)
• LONG, JOHN DAVIS (1838– )

long and has a spring of sweet water near which a few See also:

• PEOPLE

people See also:

• SETTLE
• SETTLE, ELKANAH (1648–1724)

settle occasionally for looking after herds of goats and sheep taken there for grazing .

All the islands are uninhabited and some are See also:

• MERE
• MERE, ADALBERT (1838-1909)

mere See also:

• BARE

bare rocks of little extent . Although fed by many See also:

• RIVERS
• RIVERS, ANTHONY WOODVILLE, or WYDEVILLE, 2ND EARL (c. 1442—1483)
• RIVERS, EARL
• RIVERS, RICHARD SAVAGE, 4TH EARL (c. 1660—1712)

rivers and streams of sweet water the lake is eery saline and its water is about three-fifths as See also:

• SALT (a common Teutonic word, cf. Dutch zout, Ger. Salz, Scand. salt; cognate with Gr. &Xs, Lat. sal)
• SALT, SIR TITUS, BART

salt as the water of the Dead See also:

• SEA (in O. Eng. sae, a common Teutonic word; cf. Ger. See, Dutch Zee, &c.; the ultimate source is uncertain)
• SEA, COMMAND OF THE

Sea—far too salt to permit the existence of See also:

• FISH (O. Eng. fist, a word common to Teutonic languages, cf. Dutch visch, Ger. Fisch, Goth. fisks, cognate with the Lat. piscis)
• FISH, HAMILTON (1808-1893)

fish See also:

• LIFE

life . The specific gravity of the water is 1.155 during low water and 1.113 during high water . The See also:

• PRINCIPAL

principal salts contained in See also:

• SOLUTION (from Lat. solvere, to loosen, dissolve)

solution are See also:

• SODIUM [symbol Na, from Lat. natrium; atomic weight 23.00 (0=16)]

sodium chloride, bromide and iodide and sulphates of See also:

• MAGNESIA

magnesia, soda and See also:

• IRON [symbol Fe, atomic weight 55.85 (0=16)]

iron . The only organisms living in the lake are a See also:

• SPECIES

species of artemia, a crustacean known from other brine lakes in See also:

• EUROPE

Europe and North See also:

• AMERICA

America, the larva of a species of dipterous See also:

• INSECT

insect, probably allied to ephydra, and See also:

• GREEN, A
• GREEN, ALEXANDER HENRY (1832—1896)
• GREEN, DUFF (1791—1875)
• GREEN, JOHN RICHARD (1837—1883)
• GREEN, MATTHEW (1696-1737)
• GREEN, THOMAS HILL (1836-1882)
• GREEN, VALENTINE (1739–1813)
• GREEN, WILLIAM HENRY (.1825–1900)

green See also:

• VEGETABLE

vegetable masses composed of bacterial zoogloeae covered with a species of diatom . The rivers which flow into the lake drain an See also:

• AREA

area of nearly 20,000 sq. m.; See also:

• CHUB (Leuciscus cephalus)

chub and See also:

• ROACH (Leuciscus rulilus)

roach are found in all of them, silurus in some . The lake is navigated by a few See also:

• ROUND (O. Fr. rond, Lat. rotundus, the Fr. is the source also of Du. rond; Ger., Swed., Dan. and Nor. rond)

round-bottomed boats with round bows and See also:

• FLAT (a modification of O. Eng. flet, an obsolete word of Teutonic origin, meaning the ground beneath the feet)

flat sterns, each of about 20 tons See also:

• BURDEN, or BURTHEN

burden and carrying an enormous square See also:

• SAIL

sail . See also:

• STRABO (born c. 63 n.c.)

Strabo (xi. c . 13, 2) mentions the lake with the name Spauta, a clerical See also:

• ERROR (Lat. error, from errare, to wander, to err)

error for Kapauta, from Pers . Kapaut, New Pers . Kebud, meaning " See also:

• BLUE (common in different forms to most European languages)

blue." Old Armenian writers have Kapoit-dzov, " the blue sea." In the Zendavesta and Bundahish it is called " Chaechasta," and Firdousi in his Shahnamah (11th See also:

• CENTURY (from Lat. centuria, a division of a hundred men)

century) has Chichast." See J. de Morgan, See also:

• MISSION

Mission scientifique en Perse (1894) ; R . T .

Gunther, " Lake Urmi and its Neighbourhood," Geogr . Journ . (See also:

• NOVEMBER (Lat. novem, nine)

November 1899) . (A .