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UTAMARO (1754-1806)

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Originally appearing in Volume V27, Page 819 of the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica.
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UTAMARO (1754-1806)  , one of the best known of the See also:Japanese designers of See also:colour-prints, was See also:born at Kawayoye . His See also:father was a well-known painter of the See also:Kano School, Toriyama Sekiyen (Toyofusa), a See also:pupil of Kano Chikanobu; and See also:Utamaro traced his descent from the old feudal clans of the Minamoto, whose See also:war with the Taira See also:family belongs to the romantic See also:period of Japanese See also:history . Utamaro's See also:personal name was Yusuke; and he first worked under the See also:signature Toriyama Toyo-aki; but after a See also:quarrel with his father substituted the name Kitagawa for the former appellation . His distinct See also:style was the outcome of that of his father, tempered with the characteristics of the Kano school . As a painter, his landscapes and drawings of See also:insects are most highly considered by Japanese critics; but his fame will always See also:rest among Europeans on his designs for colour-prints, the subjects of which are almost entirely See also:women—professional beauties and the like . These were done for the most See also:part while he lived, in a sort of bondage, in the See also:house of a publisher, Tsutaya Shigesaburo . His talents were wasted by an unbroken career of dissipation, culminating in a See also:term of imprisonment for a pictorial See also:libel on the See also:shogun Iyenari, in 1804 . From this he never recovered, and died on the third See also:day of the fifth See also:month, 18o6 . The colour-prints of Utamaro are distinguished by an extreme See also:grace of See also:line and of colour . His See also:composition is superb; and even in his lifetimehe achieved such popularity among his contemporaries as to gain the See also:title Ukiyo-ye Chuko-no-so, " See also:great See also:master of the Popular School." His See also:work has a considerable reputation with the Dutch who visited See also:Nagasaki, and was imported into See also:Europe before the end of the 18th See also:century . His See also:book illustrations are also of great beauty . Three portraits of him are known: two colour-prints by himself, and one See also:painting by Chobunsai Yeishi (in the collection of Mr See also:Arthur See also:Morrison) .

His prints were frequently copied by his contemporaries, especially by the first Toyokuni and by Shunsen; and many of those bearing his name are really the work of Koikawa Harumachi, who had been a See also:

fellow-student, and afterwards married his widow . That artist is known by the name of Utamaro II . Most of these imitations were made between 18o8 and 182o . Utamaro II., who afterwards changed his name to Kitagawa Tetsugoro, died between 183o and 1843 . See E. de See also:Goncourt, Outamaro (1891); E . F . See also:Strange, Japanese See also:Illustration (1897) ; and Japanese Colour-Prints (See also:Victoria and See also:Albert Museum Handbook, 1904) . (E . F .

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