See also:

• VACARIUS (1120-1200?)

VACARIUS (1120-1200?)  , See also:

• ITALIAN

Italian civilian and canonist, the first known teacher of See also:

• ROMAN

Roman See also:

• LAW
• LAW (0. Eng. lagu, M. Eng. lawe; from an old Teutonic root lag, " lie," what lies fixed or evenly; cf. Lat. lex, Fr. loi)
• LAW, JOHN (1671—1729)
• LAW, WILLIAM (1686-1761)

law in See also:

• ENGLAND
• ENGLAND, THE CHURCH OF

England, was doubtless of the school of See also:

• BOLOGNA
• BOLOGNA, GIOVANNI DA (1524–1608)

Bologna, though of a later See also:

• GENERATION (from Lat. generare, to beget, procreate; genus, stock, race)

generation than the hearers of See also:

• IRNERIUS (Hirnerius, Hyrnerius, Iernerius, Gernerius, Guarnerius, Warnerius, Wernerius, Yrnerius)

Irnerius . He was brought to See also:

• CANTERBURY
• CANTERBURY, CHARLES

Canterbury, possibly by See also:

• BECKET, THOMAS (c. 1118—1170)

Becket, together with a See also:

• SUPPLY (through Fr. from Lat. supplere, to fill up)

supply of books upon the See also:

• CIVIL

civil law, to See also:

• ACT (Lat. actus, actum)

act as counsel (causidicus) to See also:

• ARCHBISHOP (Lat. archiepiscopus, from Gr. apxceatorcoros)

Archbishop See also:

• THEOBALD, (d. 1161)
• THEOBALD, LEWIS (1688-1744)

Theobald in his struggle, which ended successfully in 1146, to obtain the See also:

• TRANSFER (from Lat. transferre, to bear across, carry over)

transfer of the legateship from the See also:

• BISHOP (A.S. bisceop, from Lat. episcopus, Gr. irio-Korros, " overlooker " or " overseer ")
• BISHOP, ISABELLA (1832-1904)
• BISHOP, SIR HENRY ROWLEY (1786-1855)

bishop of See also:

• WINCHESTER
• WINCHESTER, EARLS AND MARQUESSES OF

Winchester to himself . We next heal of See also:

• VACARIUS (1120-1200?)

Vacarius as lecturing at See also:

• OXFORD
• OXFORD, EARLS OF
• OXFORD, EDWARD DE VERE, 17TH EARL
• OXFORD, JOHN DE VERE, 13TH EARL OF (1443-1513)
• OXFORD, PROVISIONS OF
• OXFORD, ROBERT DE VERE, 9TH EARL OF (1362-1392)
• OXFORD, ROBERT HARLEY, 1ST

Oxford, in 1149, to " crowds of See also:

• RICH, BARNABE (c. 1540-1617)
• RICH, CLAUDIUS JAMES (1787-1821)
• RICH, JOHN (1692-1761)
• RICH, PENELOPE, LADY (c. 1562–1607)
• RICH, RICHARD, 1ST BARON RICH (1490?-1567)

rich and poor," and as preparing, for the use of the latter, a compendium, in nine books, of the See also:

• DIGEST

Digest and See also:

• CODE (Lat. codex)

Code of Justinian, " sufficient," it was said, " if thoroughly mastered, to solve all legal questions commonly debated in the See also:

• SCHOOLS

schools." It became a leading See also:

• TEXT (Lat. textum, woven fabric, from texere, to weave)

text-See also:

• BOOK

book in the nascent university, and its popular description as the See also:

• LIBER

Liber pauperum gave rise to the See also:

• NICKNAME

nickname pauperistae applied to Oxford students of law . Nearly See also:

• COMPLETE

complete See also:

• MSS

MSS. of this See also:

• WORK

work are still in existence, notably in the See also:

• CATHEDRAL

cathedral See also:

• LIBRARIES

libraries at See also:

• WORCESTER
• WORCESTER, EARLS AND MARQUESSES OF
• WORCESTER, JOHN TIPTOFT, EARL OF (1427—1470)
• WORCESTER, WILLIAM (c. 1415-c. 1482)

Worcester and See also:

• PRAGUE (Ger. Prag; Bohemian Praha)

Prague and in the See also:

• TOWN

town library at See also:

• BRUGES (Flemish Brugge, a name signifying the bridge or place of bridges)

Bruges . Fragments of it are also pre-served in the Bodleian and in several See also:

• COLLEGE (Collegium)

college libraries at Oxford . The new learning was not destined to make its way without opposition . See also:

• KING
• KING (O. Eng. cyning, abbreviated into cyng, cing; cf. O. H. G. chun- kuning, chun- kunig, M.H.G. kiinic, kiinec, kiinc, Mod. Ger. Konig, O. Norse konungr, kongr, Swed. konung, kung)
• KING [OF OCKHAM], PETER KING, 1ST BARON (1669-1734)
• KING, CHARLES WILLIAM (1818-1888)
• KING, CLARENCE (1842–1901)
• KING, EDWARD (1612–1637)
• KING, EDWARD (1829–1910)
• KING, HENRY (1591-1669)
• KING, RUFUS (1755–1827)
• KING, THOMAS (1730–1805)
• KING, WILLIAM (1650-1729)
• KING, WILLIAM (1663–1712)

King See also:

• STEPHEN
• STEPHEN (1097?-1154)
• STEPHEN (ISTVAN) BATHORY (1533-1586)
• STEPHEN, SIR JAMES (1789-1859)
• STEPHEN, SIR JAMES FITZJAMES, BART
• STEPHEN, SIR LESLIE (1832-1904)

Stephen silenced Vacarius, and ordered the destruction of the books of civil and See also:

• CANON

canon law which had been imported by Theobald . The See also:

• EDICT (Lat. edictum, from e, out, and dicere, to say, speak)

edict to this effect seems, however, not to have been in force after the See also:

• DEATH

death of its royal author in 11 54 (" eo magis virtue legis invaluit quo See also:

• EARN

earn amplius nitebatur impietas infirmare," Joh . Sarisburiensis) . There is ample See also:

• EVIDENCE (Lat. evidentia, evideri, to appear clearly)

evidence that the civil law was soon once more a favourite study at Oxford, where we learn that, in 1190, two students from See also:

• FRIESLAND, or VRIESLAND

Friesland were wont to See also:

• DIVIDE

divide between them the See also:

• HOURS, CANONICAL

hours of the See also:

• NIGHT

night for the purpose of making a copy of the Liber pauperum . Whether or no Vacarius ever resumed his Oxford lectures after their interruption by Stephen we are not informed . In any See also:

• CASE
• CASE, JOHN (d. 1600)

case he was soon called off to See also:

• PRACTICAL

practical work, as legal adviser and ecclesiastical See also:

• JUDGE (Lat. judex, Fr. juge)

judge in the See also:

• NORTHERN

northern See also:

• PROVINCE
• PROVINCE (Lat. provincia; perhaps a contraction of providentia)

province, by his old friend and colleague at Canterbury, See also:

• ROGER (d. 1139)
• ROGER (d. 1181)

Roger de See also:

• PONT (or KYLPONT), ROBERT (1524–1606)

Pont 1'Eveque, after the promotion of the latter, in the See also:

• YEAR

year of Stephen's death, to the archbishopric of See also:

• YORK
• YORK (HOUSE OF)
• YORK, EDMUND OF LANGLEY, DUKE OF (1341-1402)
• YORK, EDWARD
• YORK, FREDERICK AUGUSTUS, DUKE OF (1763-1827)
• YORK, RICHARD, DUKE

York .

Thenceforth the name of " magister Vacarius " is of very frequent occurrence, in papal letters and the See also:

• CHRONICLES, BOOKS OF

chronicles of the See also:

• PERIOD
• PERIOD (Gr. irepioSos, a going or way round, circuit, aepi, round, and &Sis, way, road)

period, as acting in these capacities . He was rewarded with a prebend in the collegiate See also:

• CHURCH
• CHURCH (according to most authorities derived from the Gr. Kvpcaxov [&wµa], " the Lord's [house]," and common to many Teutonic, Slavonic and other languages under various forms—Scottish kirk, Ger. Kirche, Swed. kirka, Dan. kirke, Russ. tserkov, Buig. cerk
• CHURCH, FREDERICK EDWIN (1826-1900)
• CHURCH, GEORGE EARL (1835–1910)
• CHURCH, RICHARD WILLIAM (1815–189o)
• CHURCH, SIR RICHARD (1784–1873)

church of See also:

• SECULAR (Lat. saecularis, of or belonging to an age or generation, saeculum)

secular canons at See also:

• SOUTHWELL
• SOUTHWELL, ROBERT (c. 1561-1595)

Southwell, See also:

• HALF

half of which he was allowed in 1191 to cede to his " See also:

• NEPHEW

nephew " Reginald . He is last heard of in 1198, as commissioned, together with the See also:

• PRIOR (from Lat. prior—former, and hence superior, through O. Fr. priour)
• PRIOR, MATTHEW (1664-1721)

prior of Thurgarton, by See also:

• POPE (Gr. irarraas, post-classical Lat. papa, father)
• POPE, ALEXANDER (1688–1744)
• POPE, ALEXANDER (1763-1835)
• POPE, JANE (1742-1818)
• POPE, JOHN (1822-1892)
• POPE, SIR THOMAS (c. 1507-1559)

Pope See also:

• INNOCENT (INNOCENTIUS)
• INNOCENT (POPES)

Innocent III. to carry into See also:

• EXECUTION (from Lat. ex-sequor, exsecutus, follow or carry out)

execution, in the See also:

• NORTH
• NORTH, BARONS
• NORTH, MARIANNE (1830—1890)
• NORTH, ROGER (1653-1734)
• NORTH, SIR THOMAS (1535?-16o1?)

north of England, a See also:

• LETTER (through Fr. lettre from Lat. littera or litera, letter of the alphabet; the origin of the Latin word is obscure; it has probably no connexion with the root of linere, to smear, i.e. with wax, for an inscription with a stilus)

letter with reference to the crusade . It is doubtless to the second half of the See also:

• LIFE

life of Vacarius that the See also:

• COMPOSITION
• COMPOSITION (Lat. compositio, from componere, to put together)

composition must be attributed of two See also:

• WORKS

works the MS. of which, formerly the See also:

• PROPERTY

property of the Cistercian See also:

• ABBEY (Lat. abbatia; from Syr. abba, father)
• ABBEY, EDWIN AUSTIN (1852– )

Abbey of Biddleston, is now in the See also:

• CAMBRIDGE
• CAMBRIDGE, EARLS AND DUKES OF
• CAMBRIDGE, RICHARD OWEN (1717-1802)

Cambridge University library . One of these, Summa de assumpto homine, is of a theological See also:

• CHARACTER (Gr. xapareri7p, from xap&crew, to scratch)

character, dealing with the humanity of See also:

• CHRIST (Gr. X pLQTOS, Anointed)
• CHRIST, WILHELM VON (1831-1906)

Christ; the other, Summa de matrimonio, is a legal See also:

• ARGUMENT

argument, to the effect that the essential fact in See also:

• MARRIAGE

marriage is neither, as See also:

• GRATIAN (FLAvrus GRATIANUS AUGUSTUS)

Gratian maintains, the copula, nor, as See also:

• PETER
• PETER (Lat. Petrus from Gr. irfpos, a rock, Ital. Pietro, Piero, Pier, Fr. Pierre, Span. Pedro, Ger. Peter, Russ. Petr)
• PETER (PEDRO)
• PETER, EPISTLES OF
• PETER, ST

Peter Lombard, consent by verba de praesenti, but mutual traditio . See also:

• HISTORICAL

Historical Society's Collectanea (1890) . Wenck, in his Magister Vacarius (1820), prints the See also:

• PROLOGUE (from Gr. 7rpo, before, and Myer, a word)

prologue, and a table of contents, of the Liber pauperum, from a MS. how lost . He returns to the subject in Stieber's Opuscula academics (1834) . F . See also:

• MAITLAND (MAITLAND OF LETHINGTON), WILLIAM
• MAITLAND, EAST
• MAITLAND, EDWARD (1824-1897)
• MAITLAND, FREDERIC WILLIAM (1850-1906)
• MAITLAND, SIR RICHARD (LORD LETHINGTON) (1496-r586)

Maitland in the Law Quarterly See also:

• REVIEW (Fr. revue, from revoir, to see again, Lat. re and videre)

Review, xiii. pp . 133, 270 (1897), gives a full See also:

• ACCOUNT
• ACCOUNT (through O. Fr. acont, Late Lat. comptum, cornputare, to calculate)

account of the Cambridge MSS., See also:

• PRINTING (from Lat. imprimere, O. Fr. empreindre)

printing in extenso the Summa de matrimonio See also Muhlenbruch, Obs . See also:

• JURIS

Juris Rom. i .

36; Hanel, in the Leips . Lit . Zeitung (1828), No . 42, " Intelligenzblatt," p . 334; See also:

• SAVIGNY, FRIEDRICH KARL VON (1779–1861)

Savigny, Geschichte, Iv . 423; Stolzel, Lehre von der operas See also:

• NOEL, RODEN BERKELEY WRIOTHESLEY (1834-1894)

noel denunt . (1865), pp . 592-620, and in the Zeitschrift See also:

• FAIR

fair Rechtsgeschichte, vi. p . 234; See also:

• CATALOGUE (a Fr. adaptation of the Gr. KaraXoyos, a register, from Karalyety, to enrol or pick out)

Catalogue See also:

• GENERAL
• GENERAL (Lat. generalis, of or relating to a genus, kind or class)

general See also:

• DES

des MSS. des bibliotheques publiques de See also:

• FRANCE
• FRANCE, ANATOLE (1844– )

France: Departements, t. x . Lieberman, in the See also:

• ENGLISH

English Historical Review, xi . (1906), pp . 305, 514, identified Vacarius with one " Vac." of See also:

• MANTUA (Ital. Mantova)

Mantua, the author of Contraria legum Longobardoruwt, but withdrew this antecedently improbable See also:

• SUGGESTION

suggestion (ib. vol. xiii.) after T .

Patella had shown, in the Atti della R . Academia di Torino, xxxii., that " Vac . Mantuanus," the author of the Contraria, must have been " Vacella," who, in 1189, was a judge at Mantua . (T . E .