AUGUSTE See also:

• AUGUSTE VACQUERIE (1819-1895)

VACQUERIE (1819-1895)  , See also:

• FRENCH
• FRENCH, DANIEL CHESTER (1850– )
• FRENCH, NICHOLAS (1604-1678)

French journalist and See also:

• MAN
• MAN, ISLE OF (anc. Mona)

man of letters, was See also:

• BORN, IGNAZ, EDLER VON (1742–1791)

born at Villequier (See also:

• SEINE
• SEINE (Lat. Sequana)
• SEINE, or SEAN (O. Fr. seigne, mod. seine, Lat. sagena, Gr. vaytivrl, a draw-net)

Seine Inferieure) on the 19th of See also:

• NOVEMBER (Lat. novem, nine)

November 1819 . He was from his earliest days an admirer of See also:

• VICTOR
• VICTOR, GAIUS JULIUS (4th cent. A.D.)
• VICTOR, SEXTUS AURELIUS

Victor See also:

• HUGO, GUSTAV VON (1764–1844)
• HUGO, VICTOR MARIE (1802-1885)

Hugo, with whom he was connected by the See also:

• MARRIAGE

marriage of his See also:

• BROTHER

brother See also:

• CHARLES
• CHARLES (1270-1325)
• CHARLES (1421-1461)
• CHARLES (1525-1574)
• CHARLES (c. 1319-1364)
• CHARLES (Fr. Charles; Span. Carlos; Ital. Carlo; Ger. Karl; derived from O.H.G. Charal,latinized as Carolus, meaning originally " man ": cf. Mod.Ger., Kerl," fellow," A.S. ceorl, Mod. Eng. " churl ")
• CHARLES (KARL EITEL ZEPHYRIN LUDWIG; in Rum. CAROL)
• CHARLES [KARL ALEXANDER] (1712-1780)
• CHARLES, ELIZABETH (1828-1896)
• CHARLES, JACQUES ALEXANDRE CESAR (1746-1823)
• CHARLES, THOMAS (1755-1814)

Charles with Leopoldine Hugo . His earlier romantic productions include a See also:

• VOLUME

volume of poems, L'Enfer de l'esprit (184o) ; a See also:

• TRANSLATION

translation of the See also:

• ANTIGONE, (I)

Antigone (1844) in collaboration with See also:

• PAUL
• PAUL (PAULUS)

Paul See also:

• MEURICE, FRANCOIS PAUL (1818-1905)

Meurice; and Tragaldabas (1848), a See also:

• MELODRAMA (a coined word from Gr. µEXos, music, and Spaµa, action)

melodrama . He was one of the See also:

• PRINCIPAL

principal contributors to the Evenement and followed Hugo into his See also:

• EXILE (Lat. exsilium or exilium, from exsul or exul, which is derived from ex, out of, and the root sal, to go, seen in salire, to leap, consul, &c.; the connexion with solum, soil, country is now generally considered wrong)

exile in See also:

• JERSEY
• JERSEY, EARLS OF

Jersey . In 1869 he returned to See also:

• PARIS
• PARIS (also called ALEXANDROS)
• PARIS, ALEXIS PAULIN (1800-x881)
• PARIS, BRUNO PAULIN GASTON (1839-1903)
• PARIS, FRANCOIS DE (169o-1727)
• PARIS, LOUIS PHILIPPE ALBERT
• PARIS, TREATIES OF (1814-1815)

Paris, and with Paul Meurice and others founded the See also:

• ANTI, or CAMPA

anti-imperial Rappel . His articles in this See also:

• PAPER
• PAPER (Fr. papier, from Lat. papyrus)

paper were more than once the occasion of legal proceedings . After 1870 he became editor . Other of his See also:

• WORKS

works are Souvent homme varie (1859), a See also:

• COMEDY

comedy in See also:

• VERSE (from Lat. versus, literally a line or furrow drawn by turning the plough, from vertere, and afterwards signifying an arrangement of syllables into feet)

verse; See also:

• JEAN

Jean See also:

• BAUDRY, or BALDERICH, OF BOURGUEIL (1046 or 1047-r Igo)
• BAUDRY, PAUL JACQUES

Baudry (1863), the most successful of his plays; Aujourd'hui et demain (1875); Futura (1900), poems on philosophical and humanitarian subjects . See also:

• VACQUERIE, AUGUSTE (1819-1895)

Vacquerie died in Paris on the 19th of See also:

• FEBRUARY

February 1895 . He published a collected edition of his plays in 18.79 . VACUUM-CLEANER, an appliance for removing dust from carpets, curtains, &c., by suction, and consisting essentially of some See also:

• FORM (Lat. forma)

form of See also:

• AIR (from an Indo-European root meaning " breathe," " blow ")
• AIR, or ASBEN

air-See also:

• PUMP

pump See also:

• DRAWING

drawing air through a nozzle which is passed over the material that has to be cleaned . The dust is carried away with the air-stream and is separated by filtration through screens of See also:

• MUSLIN (through Fr. mousseline from It. mussolino, diminutive of Mussolo, i.e. the town Mosul in Kurdistan)

muslin or other suitable fabric, sometimes with the aid of a See also:

• SERIES (a Latin word from serere, to join)

series of baffle-plates which cause the heavier particles to fall to the bottom of the See also:

• COLLECTING

collecting receptacle by gravity .

In the last See also:

• DECADE (from Gr. Oka, ten)

decade of the 19th See also:

• CENTURY (from Lat. centuria, a division of a hundred men)

century compressed air came into use, especially in See also:

• AMERICA

America, for cleaning railway carriages, but it was found difficult to arrange for the collection of the dust that was blown out by the jets of air, and in See also:

• CON

con-sequence recourse was had to working by suction . From this beginning several types of vacuum cleaner have See also:

• DEVELOPED

developed . In the first instance the See also:

• PLANTS

plants were portable, consisting of a pump driven by a petrol See also:

• ENGINE
• ENGINE (Lat. ingenium)

engine or electric motor, and were periodically taken See also:

• ROUND (O. Fr. rond, Lat. rotundus, the Fr. is the source also of Du. rond; Ger., Swed., Dan. and Nor. rond)

round to houses, offices &c., when cleaning was required . The second See also:

• STAGE (Fr. 6/age; from Lat. stare, to stand)

stage was represented by the permanent See also:

• INSTALLATION

installation of central plants in large buildings, with a See also:

• SYSTEM

system of pipes See also:

• RUNNING

running to all floors, like See also:

• GAS

gas or See also:

• WATER

water pipes, and provided at convenient points with valves to which could be attached flexible See also:

• HOSE (a word common to many Teutonic languages; cf. Dutch, hoes, stocking, Ger. Hose, breeches, tights; the ultimate origin is unknown)

hose terminating in the actual cleaning tools . The vacuum thus rendered available is in some cases utilized for washing the floors in See also:

• COMBINATION (Lat. combinare, to combine)

combination with another system of piping connected to a tank containing See also:

• SOAP

soap and water, which having been sprayed over the See also:

• FLOOR (from O. Eng. flor, a word common to many Teutonic languages, cf. Dutch vloer, and Ger. Flur, a field, in the feminine, and a floor, masculine)

floor by compressed air is removed with the dirt it contains and discharged into the sewers; or in a simpler arrangement the soap and water is contained in a portable tank from which it is distributed, to be sucked up by means of the vacuum as before . In their third stage vacuum cleaners have become See also:

• ORDINARY (med. Lat. ordinarius, Fr. ordinaire)

ordinary See also:

• HOUSEHOLD, ROYAL

household implements, in substitution for, or in addition to the See also:

• BROOM

broom and duster, and small See also:

• MACHINES

machines are now made in a variety of forms, driven by See also:

• HAND
• HAND (a word common to Teutonic languages; cf. Ger. Hand, Goth. handus)
• HAND, FERDINAND GOTTHELF (1786-185r)

hand, by See also:

• FOOT

foot, or by an electric motor attached to the See also:

• LIGHTING

lighting See also:

• CIRCUIT (Lat. circuitus, from circum, round, and ire, to go)

circuit . In addition to their domestic uses, other applications have been found for them, as for instance in removing dust from printers' type-cases .