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JUAN DE VALDES (c. 1500-1541)

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Originally appearing in Volume V27, Page 844 of the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica.
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JUAN DE See also:

VALDES (c. 1500-1541)  , See also:Spanish religious writer, younger of twin sons of Fernando de See also:Valdes, hereditary regidor of See also:Cuenca in See also:Castile, was See also:born about 1500 at Cuenca . He has been confused with his twin-See also:brother See also:Alphonso (in the See also:suite of See also:Charles V. at his See also:coronation in See also:Aix-la-Chapelle, 1520; Latin secretary of See also:state from 1524, died in 1532 at See also:Vienna) . Juan, who probably studied at the university of See also:Alcala, first appears as the See also:anonymous author of a politico-religious Didlogo de Mercurio y Caron, written and published about 1528 . A passage in this See also:work may have suggested See also:Don Quixote's See also:advice to Sancho Panza on See also:appointment to his governorship . The Didlogo attacked the corruptions of the See also:Roman See also:Church; hence Valdes, in fear of the Spanish See also:Inquisition, See also:left See also:Spain for See also:Naples in 1530 . In 1531 he removed to See also:Rome, where his criticisms of papal policy were condoned, since in his Didlogo he had upheld the validity of See also:Henry VIII.'s See also:marriage with See also:Catherine of See also:Aragon . On the 12th of See also:January 1533 he writes from See also:Bologna, in attendance upon See also:Pope See also:Clement VII . From the autumn of 1533 he made Naples his permanent See also:residence, his name being Italianized as Valdesso and Val d'Esso . Confusion with his brother may See also:account for the statement (without See also:evidence) of his appointment by Charles V. as secretary to the See also:viceroy at Naples, Don Pedro de See also:Toledo; there is no See also:proof .of his holding any See also:official position, though Curione (in 1544) writes of him as " cavalliere di Cesare." His See also:house on the Chiaja was the centre of a See also:literary and religious circle; his conversations and writings (circulated in See also:manuscript) stimulated the See also:desire for a spiritual See also:reformation of the church . His first See also:production at Naples was a philological See also:treatise, Didlogo de la Lengua (1533)° His See also:works entitle him to a foremost See also:place among Spanish See also:prose writers . His See also:friends urged him to seek distinction as a humanist, but his See also:bent was towards problems of Biblical See also:interpretation in their bearing on the devout See also:life . See also:Vermigli (See also:Peter See also:Martyr) and See also:Marcantonio Flaminio were leading See also:spirits in his coterie, which included See also:Vittoria See also:Colonna and her See also:sister-in-See also:law, Giulia See also:Gonzaga .

On See also:

Ochino, for ' They even gave the Hansa a See also:vote in the future See also:election of the Danish See also:kings.whose sermons he furnished themes, his See also:influence was See also:great . See also:Carnesecchi, who had known Valdes at Rome as " a modest and well-bred courtier," found him at Naples (1540) " wholly See also:intent upon the study of See also:Holy Scripture," translating portions into Spanish from See also:Hebrew and See also:Greek, with comments and introductions . To him Carnesecchi ascribes his own See also:adoption of the Evangelical See also:doctrine of See also:justification by faith, and at the same See also:time his rejection of the policy of the Lutheran See also:schism . Valdes died at Naples in May 1541° His See also:death scattered his See also:band of associates . Abandoning the See also:hope of a regenerated Catholicism, Ochino and Vermigli left See also:Italy . Some of Valdes's writings were by degrees published) in See also:Italian See also:translations . Showing much originality and penetration, they combine a delicate vein of semi-mystical spirituality with the See also:personal See also:charm attributed to their author in all contemporary notices . See also:Llorente traces in Valdes the influence of See also:Tauler; any such influence must have been at second See also:hand . The Aviso on the interpretation of Scripture, based on Tauler, was probably the work of Alphonso . Valdes was in relations with Fra Benedetto of See also:Mantua, the anonymous author of Del Benefizio di Gesit Cristo Crocefisso, revised by Flaminio (reprinted by Dr See also:Babington, See also:Cambridge, 1855) . The See also:suggestion that Valdes was unsound on the Trinity was first made in 1567 by the Transylvanian See also:bishop, See also:Francis See also:David (see See also:article Socrxus); it has been adopted by See also:Sand (1684), See also:Wallace (185o) and other See also:anti-Trinitarian writers, and is countenanced by See also:Bayle . To this view some See also:colour is given by isolated expressions in his writings, and by the subsequent course of Ochino (whose heterodox repute rests, however, on the insight with which he presented objections) .

Valdes never treats of the Trinity (even when commenting on Matt. See also:

xxviii . 19), reserving it (in his Latte Spiritasale) as a topic for advanced Christians; yet he explicitly affirms the consubstantiality of the Son, whom he unites in doxologies with the See also:Father and the Holy Spirit (Opusc. p . 145) . See also:Practical See also:theology interested him more than speculative; his aim being the promotion of a healthy and personal piety . The following is a See also:list of his writings (1) Didlogo de Mercurio y Caron (no date or place; 1528?) . An Italian See also:translation by Nicolo Franco, See also:Venice (no date); reprinted, Venice, 1545 . See also:Bound with the See also:original (and with the translation) will usually be found a Didlogo by Alphonso de Valdes on the See also:sack of Rome in 1527; this is also ascribed to Juan in the reprint, Dos Didlogos (185o) . (2) Dialogo de la Lengua (written, 1533; first printed, See also:Madrid, 1737; reprinted, 186o, 1873) . (3) Qual Maniera si devrebbe tenere a in"ormare . . . gli figliuoli de Christiani delle Cose See also:delta Religione (no date or place; before 1545, as it was used by the Italian translator of See also:Calvin's See also:catechism, 1545)• No Spanish original is known . Reproduced as Latte Spirituale, See also:Basel, 1549; See also:Paris, 1550; in Latin, by Pierpaolo Vergerio, 1554; 1557; in Spanish, by Ed . Boehmer, 1882 ; in See also:English, by' J .

T . Betts, 1882 ; also in See also:

German (twice) and in See also:Polish . (4) Trataditos, See also:Bonn, 1881, from a manuscript in the See also:Palatine Library, Vienna; in Italian, I Cinque Tratatelli Evarlgelici, Rome, 1545; reprinted, 1869; in English, by J . T . Betts, in XVII Opuscules, 1882 . (5) Alfabeto Christiano (written about 1537), in Italian, Venice, 1545; in English, by 'B . B . Wiffen, 1861; no Spanish original is known . (6) Ciento i See also:Diez Conrideraciones. all copies of the original edition suppressed by the Spanish Inquisition; See also:thirty-nine of the See also:Con-4ideraciones, published with the Trataditos, from a Vienna manuscript; in Italian, by Cclio Secondo Curione, Le See also:Cento et Dieci Divine Consideratione, Basel, 1550; in See also:French, by See also:Claude de Kerquifinen, See also:Lyons, 1563; Paris, 1565; in English, by See also:Nicholas See also:Ferrar (at the instance of See also:George See also:Herbert), See also:Oxford, 1638; Cambridge, 1646; another version by J . T . Betts, 1865; in Spanish,' by Luis Usoz i Rio, 1855 . (7) Seven Doctrinal Letters (original published with the Trataditos from Vienna manuscript), in English, by J .

Phoenix-squares

T . Betts, with the Opuscules . (8) Comentario Breve . . . sobre la Epistola de See also:

San Pablo a los See also:Romanos, Venice, 1556 (with See also:text; edited by Juan See also:Perez de Pineda); reprinted, 1856; in English, by J . T . Betts, 1883 . (9) Comentario Breve ... sabre la Primera Epistola de san Pablo a los Corintios, Venice, 1557 (edited, reprinted and translated as No . 8) . (1o) El Evangelio de San Mateo (text arid commentary), 1881, from Vienna manuscript; in English, by J . 'T . Betts, 1883 . (II) El Saiterio (the See also:Psalms from Hebrew into Spanish), published with the Trotaditos from Vienna manuscript .

(12) At Vienna is an unpublished commentary in Spanish on Psalms i.-xli . (13) Sand mentions a commentary on St See also:

John's See also:Gospel, not known to exist . Notices of Valdes in Sand (Biblioth . Antitrinitar, 1684), Bayle and Wallace (Antitrin . Biog., 185o) are inadequate . Revival of See also:interest in him is due to McCrie (Hist . Ref. in Italy, 1827 ; Hist . Ref. in Spain, 1829) . See also:Fuller knowledge of his career was opened up by See also:Benjamin B . Wiffen, whose Life of Valdes is prefixed to Betts's translation of the Considerations, 1865 . Discoveries have since been made in the Aulic Library, Vienna, by Dr See also:Edward Boehmer; cf. his Span . Reformers of Two Centuries (1874), his Lives of J. and A. de Valdes (1882), and his article in, Realencyklopddie See also:fur prat .

Theol. and Kirche (1885) . See also M . See also:

Young, Aonio See also:Paleario (186o) ; K . Benrath, Bernardino Ochino (1875;) Menendez Pelayo, Los Heterodoxos Espauoles (188o) ; G . Bonet-See also:Maury, See also:Early See also:Sources of Eng . Unit . See also:Christ . (trans . E . P . See also:Hall, 1884) . (A .

End of Article: JUAN DE VALDES (c. 1500-1541)
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