See also:

• SIR

SIR See also:

• JOHN
• JOHN (1167–1216)
• JOHN (1290-c. 1320)
• JOHN (1296-1346)
• JOHN (1371–1419)
• JOHN (1468-1532)
• JOHN (1801-1873)
• JOHN (Heb. llni')
• JOHN (ZAPOLYA) (1487-1540)
• JOHN, 4TH MARQUESS OF TWEEDDALE (c. 1695-1762)
• JOHN, DON (1545-1578)
• JOHN, DON (1629–1679)
• JOHN, GOSPEL OF ST
• JOHN, or HAYS (1513–1571)
• JOHN, THE APOSTLE
• JOHN, THE EPISTLES OF

JOHN See also:

• SIR JOHN VANBRUGH (1664-1726)

VANBRUGH (1664-1726)  , See also:

• BRITISH

British dramatist and architect, was See also:

• BORN, IGNAZ, EDLER VON (1742–1791)

born in the See also:

• PARISH (Gr. irapouda, district, neighbourhood; 7r&poucos, one dwelling near or beside, from crap&, OtKOS, house; Lat. paroecur, Late Lat. parochia; cf. Fr. paroisse)

parish of St See also:

• NICOLAS
• NICOLAS, SIR NICHOLAS HARRIS (1799–1848)

Nicolas Aeons in the See also:

• CITY (through Fr. cite, from Lat. civitas)

City of See also:

• LONDON

London, and christened on the 24th of See also:

• JANUARY

January 1664 . His grandfather, Gillis See also:

• VAN

van Brugg, of See also:

• GHENT (Flem. Gent, Fr. Gand)

Ghent, migrated to See also:

• ENGLAND
• ENGLAND, THE CHURCH OF

England in the reign of See also:

• JAMES
• JAMES (Gr. 'IlrKw,l3or, the Heb. Ya`akob or Jacob)
• JAMES (JAMES FRANCIS EDWARD STUART) (1688-1766)
• JAMES, 2ND EARL OF DOUGLAS AND MAR(c. 1358–1388)
• JAMES, DAVID (1839-1893)
• JAMES, EPISTLE OF
• JAMES, GEORGE PAYNE RAINSFOP
• JAMES, HENRY (1843— )
• JAMES, JOHN ANGELL (1785-1859)
• JAMES, THOMAS (c. 1573–1629)
• JAMES, WILLIAM (1842–1910)
• JAMES, WILLIAM (d. 1827)

James I., was naturalized, resided as a See also:

• MERCHANT (O. Fr. marcheant, modern marchand; from Lat. mercari, to trade, merx, goods, merchandise)

merchant and was buried in the parish of St See also:

• STEPHEN
• STEPHEN (1097?-1154)
• STEPHEN (ISTVAN) BATHORY (1533-1586)
• STEPHEN, SIR JAMES (1789-1859)
• STEPHEN, SIR JAMES FITZJAMES, BART
• STEPHEN, SIR LESLIE (1832-1904)

Stephen's Walbrook . The dramatist's See also:

• FATHER

father, See also:

• GILES (GIL, GILLES), ST

Giles (1631-1689), a wealthy See also:

• SUGAR

sugar See also:

• BAKER, HENRY (1698-1774)
• BAKER, SIR BENJAMIN (1840-1907)
• BAKER, SIR RICHARD (1568-1644/5)
• BAKER, SIR SAMUEL WHITE (1821-1893)
• BAKER, THOMAS (1656-1740)
• BAKER, VALENTINE [BAKER PASHA] (1827-1887)

baker, who married into the See also:

• CARLETON, WILLIAM (1794-1869)

Carleton See also:

• FAMILY

family, was driven from London by the See also:

• PLAGUE (in Gr. Xotµos; in Lat. pestis, pestilentia)

plague and settled at See also:

• CHESTER
• CHESTER, EARLS OF

Chester . The See also:

• MOTHER

mother (See also:

• ELIZABETH
• ELIZABETH (1533-1603)
• ELIZABETH (1596-1662)
• ELIZABETH (1635–1650)
• ELIZABETH [ AMELIE EUGENIE ] (1837—1898)
• ELIZABETH [1lisabeth Philippine Marie Helene of France] (1764—1794)
• ELIZABETH [PAULINE ELIZABETH OTTILIE LOUISE] (1843– )
• ELIZABETH [PETROVNA] (1709-1762), EMPRESS
• ELIZABETH, SAINT (1207-1231)

Elizabeth Carleton, of the See also:

• DORCHESTER
• DORCHESTER, DUDLEY CARLETON, VISCOUNT (1573-1632)
• DORCHESTER, GUY CARLETON

Dorchester family) survived to see her son famous; she died at Claygate, near See also:

• ESHER
• ESHER, WILLIAM BALIOL BRETT, 1ST VISCOUNT (1817–1899)

Esher, in 1711, and was buried at See also:

• THAMES

Thames See also:

• DITTON, HUMPHRY (1675-1715)

Ditton . After a few years at the See also:

• KING
• KING (O. Eng. cyning, abbreviated into cyng, cing; cf. O. H. G. chun- kuning, chun- kunig, M.H.G. kiinic, kiinec, kiinc, Mod. Ger. Konig, O. Norse konungr, kongr, Swed. konung, kung)
• KING [OF OCKHAM], PETER KING, 1ST BARON (1669-1734)
• KING, CHARLES WILLIAM (1818-1888)
• KING, CLARENCE (1842–1901)
• KING, EDWARD (1612–1637)
• KING, EDWARD (1829–1910)
• KING, HENRY (1591-1669)
• KING, RUFUS (1755–1827)
• KING, THOMAS (1730–1805)
• KING, WILLIAM (1650-1729)
• KING, WILLIAM (1663–1712)

King's School, Chester, See also:

• JOHN
• JOHN (1167–1216)
• JOHN (1290-c. 1320)
• JOHN (1296-1346)
• JOHN (1371–1419)
• JOHN (1468-1532)
• JOHN (1801-1873)
• JOHN (Heb. llni')
• JOHN (ZAPOLYA) (1487-1540)
• JOHN, 4TH MARQUESS OF TWEEDDALE (c. 1695-1762)
• JOHN, DON (1545-1578)
• JOHN, DON (1629–1679)
• JOHN, GOSPEL OF ST
• JOHN, or HAYS (1513–1571)
• JOHN, THE APOSTLE
• JOHN, THE EPISTLES OF

John at nineteen was sent to See also:

• FRANCE
• FRANCE, ANATOLE (1844– )

France to study the arts; after two years' See also:

• ABSENCE (Lat. absentia)

absence he returned to take up a See also:

• COMMISSION (from Lat. commissio, committere)

commission in the See also:

• REGIMENT (from Late Latin regimentum, rule, regere, to rule, govern, direct)

regiment soon to be known as the 13th See also:

• FOOT

Foot . In the See also:

• EARLY
• EARLY, JUBAL ANDERSON (1816-1894)

early autumn of 1690 See also:

• VANBRUGH, SIR JOHN (1664-1726)

Vanbrugh was arrested at See also:

• CALAIS

Calais on a See also:

• CHARGE
• CHARGE (through the Fr. from the Late Lat. carricare, to load in a carrus or wagon; cf. " cargo ")

charge of espionage . The informant against him was a See also:

• LADY (0. Eng. hlaefdige, Mid. Eng. ldfdi, lavedi; the first part of the word is hldf, loaf, bread, as in the corresponding hldford, lord; the second part is usually taken to be from the root dig-, to knead, seen also in " dough "; the sense development fr

lady . He was imprisoned at See also:

• VINCENNES

Vincennes, but on the 1st of Feb . 1692, by a lettre de cachet, he was removed to the See also:

• BASTILLE (from Fr. bastir, now bdtir, to build)

Bastille . On the 12th of See also:

• NOVEMBER (Lat. novem, nine)

November he found See also:

• SURETY

surety to the extent of one thousand pistoles, but was confined to the fortifications of See also:

• PARIS
• PARIS (also called ALEXANDROS)
• PARIS, ALEXIS PAULIN (1800-x881)
• PARIS, BRUNO PAULIN GASTON (1839-1903)
• PARIS, FRANCOIS DE (169o-1727)
• PARIS, LOUIS PHILIPPE ALBERT
• PARIS, TREATIES OF (1814-1815)

Paris until his See also:

• EXCHANGE

exchange was effected on the cartel . His enforced leisure was responsible for the first draft of the Provok'd Wife . See also:

• VOLTAIRE, FRANCOIS MARIE AROUET DE (1694–1778)

Voltaire said in his Letires sur See also:

• LES

les Anglais that he could not imagine what had gained such •a comic writer the distinction of detention in such a grim fortress .

As a See also:

• MATTER

matter of fact, a considerable number of See also:

• ENGLISH

English See also:

• OFFICERS

officers were arrested about this See also:

• TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
• TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
• TIME, STANDARD

time on a similar charge, as may be seen from the Bastille archives.' For a time after his return he resumed his commission and was known as See also:

• CAPTAIN (derived from Lat. ca put, head, through the Low Lat. capitanus)

Captain Vanbrugh . The See also:

• PRODUCTION (Lat. productionem, from producere, to pro-duce)

production of See also:

• CIBBER (or CIBERT), CAIUS GABRIEL (163o-1700)
• CIBBER, COLLEY (1671-1757)

Cibber's Love's Last Shift at the See also:

• THEATRE (BEarpov, " a place for seeing," from OeacOae)

Theatre Royal in January 1696 kindled afresh his See also:

• ATTACHMENT

attachment to the comic muse . He thought it would be interesting to develop the situation upon which Cibber had See also:

• RUNG

rung down the See also:

• CURTAIN

curtain, and the result was The Relapse, " got, conceived and born in six See also:

• WEEKS, EDWIN LORD (1849-1903)

weeks' space." It was given on See also:

• BOXING (M.E. box, a blow, probably from Dan. bask, a buffet)

Boxing See also:

• DAY (O. Eng. dreg, Ger. Tag; according to the New English Dictionary, " in no way related to the Lat. dies")
• DAY, JOHN (1574-1640?)
• DAY, THOMAS (1748-1789)

Day 1696, with Cibber as Foppington, one of the three parts borrowed from the preceding See also:

• COMEDY

comedy . The See also:

• SIR

Sir Novelty See also:

• FASHION (adapted from Fr. facon, agon, Lat. factio, making, facere, to do or make)

Fashion of Cibber was See also:

• DEVELOPED

developed in this See also:

• PLAY

play into See also:

• LORD
• LORD (O. Eng. hldford, i.e. hldfweard, the warder or keeper of bread, hlIf, loaf; the word is not represented in any other Teutonic language)
• LORD, JOHN (1810-1894)

Lord Foppington, who has been pronounced " the best fop ever brought upon the See also:

• STAGE (Fr. 6/age; from Lat. stare, to stand)

stage." The play has been revived in various forms: See also:

• SHERIDAN
• SHERIDAN, PHILIP HENRY (1831-1888)

Sheridan adapted it in A Trip to See also:

• SCARBOROUGH

Scarborough, and it inspired two See also:

• MODERN

modern versions in 187o and 189o, The See also:

• MAN
• MAN, ISLE OF (anc. Mona)

Man of Quality and See also:

• MISS

Miss Tomboy . See also:

• AESOP (Gr. Aivwvros)

Aesop—produced at See also:

• DRURY, SIR WILLIAM (1527-1579)

Drury See also:

• LANE, EDWARD WILLIAM (1801–1876)
• LANE, JAMES HENRY (1814–1866)

Lane immediately after The Relapse—was an See also:

• ADAPTATION (from Lat. adaptare. to fit to)

adaptation of See also:

• BOURSAULT, EDME (1638-1701)

Boursault's dramatic See also:

• SERMON (Lat. sermo, a discourse)

sermon on the same subject . It ran for a See also:

• WEEK (from A.S. wicu, Germanic *wikon, probably=change, turn)

week only, but the success of The Relapse was so triumphant that Montague, afterwards Lord See also:

• HALIFAX
• HALIFAX, CHARLES MONTAGUE, EARL OF (1661–1715)
• HALIFAX, GEORGE MONTAGU DUNK, 2ND EARL OF (1716-1771)
• HALIFAX, GEORGE SAVILE, 1ST MARQUESS OF (1633-1695)

Halifax, asked at once for the Provok'd Wife for the theatre in See also:

• LINCOLN
• LINCOLN, ABRAHAM (1809-1865)
• LINCOLN, EARLS OF

Lincoln's See also:

• INN

Inn See also:

• FIELDS, JAMES THOMAS (1817-1881)

Fields, and it was produced at that theatre in May 1697 . All that could be said in See also:

• ANSWER (derived from and, against, and the same root as swear)

answer to those who condemned it on See also:

• ACCOUNT
• ACCOUNT (through O. Fr. acont, Late Lat. comptum, cornputare, to calculate)

account of its unblushing libertinism was that Sir John See also:

• BRUTE, SIMON WILLIAM GABRIEL (1779–1839)

Brute is sufficiently 1 Ravaisson; and Funck-See also:

• BRENTANO, KLEMENS (1778-1842)
• BRENTANO, LUDWIG JOSEPH [called Lujo]

Brentano, Liste See also:

• DES

des prisonniers de la Bastille.brutal to drive any woman into See also:

• REBELLION

rebellion, and that since the glorious days of the Restoration a wife's rebellion and a wife's See also:

• ADULTERY (from Lat. adulterium)

adultery were synonymous terms . The play was a See also:

• COMPLETE

complete See also:

• TRIUMPH (triumphus)

triumph, and Brute was one of See also:

• GARRICK, DAVID (1717-1779)

Garrick's See also:

• GREAT

great parts . Vanbrugh was fiercely attacked by See also:

• JEREMY, EPISTLE OF

Jeremy See also:

• COLLIER, ARTHUR (1680-1732)
• COLLIER, JEREMY (1650-1726)
• COLLIER, JOHN PAYNE (1789–1883)

Collier for immorality in 1698, and wrote nothing more for the stage until 1700, when an adaptation of the See also:

• PILGRIM

Pilgrim of See also:

• BEAUMONT
• BEAUMONT, BELMONT, or BELLOMONT
• BEAUMONT, CHRISTOPHE DE (1703-1781)
• BEAUMONT, SIR JOHN (1583–1627)

Beaumont and See also:

• FLETCHER, ALICE CUNNINGHAM (1845– )
• FLETCHER, ANDREW
• FLETCHER, GILES (c. 1548-1611)
• FLETCHER, GILES (c. 1584-1623)
• FLETCHER, JOHN WILLIAM (1729-1785)
• FLETCHER, PHINEAS (1582-1650)

Fletcher was produced at Drury Lane . In this play, in the See also:

• PART

part of Alinda, See also:

• ANNE (1665-1714)
• ANNE (1693-1740)

Anne See also:

• OLDFIELD, ANNE (1683–173o)

Oldfield scored her first success . Two years later appeared The False Friend, a version of Le See also:

• SAGE, RUSSELL (1816-1906)

Sage's Traitre puni . Other adaptations from the See also:

• FRENCH
• FRENCH, DANIEL CHESTER (1850– )
• FRENCH, NICHOLAS (1604-1678)

French were A See also:

• COUNTRY (from the Mid. Eng. contre or contrie, and O. Fr. cuntree; Late Lat. contrata, showing the derivation from contra, opposite, over against, thus the tract of land which fronts the sight, cf. Ger. Gegend, neighbourhood)

Country See also:

• HOUSE
• HOUSE (O. Eng. hiss, a word common to Teutonic languages, cf. Dut. huis, Ger. Haus; in Gothic it is only found in gudhiss, a temple; it may be ultimately connected with the root of " hide," conceal)

House, from See also:

• DANCOURT, FLORENT CARTON (1661-1725)

Dancourt's Maison de campagne; Confederacy (1705), from the same author's Bourgeoises a la mode; See also:

• SQUIRE

Squire Trelooby (1704), a version of See also:

• MOLIERE (1622-1673)

Moliere's See also:

• MONSIEUR (Fr., formed from men, my, and sieur, lord)

Monsieur de Pourceaugnac; and The See also:

• MISTAKE (i.e. take amiss)

Mistake (1705), from Moliere's Depit amoureux .

Collier's attack and the resulting See also:

• MOVEMENT

movement must have been responsible in part for " Van " turning his See also:

• ATTENTION (from Lat. ad-tendo, await, expect; the condition of being " stretched " or " tense ")

attention to See also:

• ARCHITECTURE (Lat. architectura, from the Gr. ap)(LTEKrwv, a master-builder)

architecture . The demand for splendid country seats in the new See also:

• PALLADIAN

Palladian See also:

• STYLE
• STYLE (from Gr. a-6'1ms, a column; a different word from that used in literature, see below)

style was steadily increasing, and his reputation as a modern wit was an introduction in itself . In 1702 he was entered as See also:

• COMPTROLLER

comptroller of the Royal See also:

• WORKS

Works (now the See also:

• BOARD (O. Eng. bord)

Board of Works, where several of his designs may still be seen) . In 1703 he wrote to ask his friend See also:

• JACOB
• JACOB, JOHN (1812-1858)

Jacob See also:

• TONSON

Tonson to procure him a " See also:

• PALLADIO, ANDREA (1518-1580)

Palladio," and in the same See also:

• YEAR

year he was a See also:

• COMMISSIONER

commissioner at See also:

• GREENWICH

Greenwich, where the secretary See also:

• WILLIAM
• WILLIAM (1143-1214)
• WILLIAM (1227-1256)
• WILLIAM (1J33-1584)
• WILLIAM (A.S. Wilhelm, O. Norse Vilhidlmr; O. H. Ger. Willahelm, Willahalm, M. H. Ger. Willehelm, Willehalm, Mod.Ger. Wilhelm; Du. Willem; O. Fr. Villalme, Mod. Fr. Guillaume; from " will," Goth. vilja, and " helm," Goth. hilms, Old Norse hidlmr, meaning
• WILLIAM (c. 1130-C. 1190)
• WILLIAM, 13TH

William Vanbrugh was a kinsman of his own, whom See also:

• EVELYN, JOHN (1620-1706)

Evelyn had appointed at his See also:

• REQUEST, LETTERS OF

request . In the meantime, Vanbrugh had been appointed architect to the See also:

• EARL

earl of See also:

• CARLISLE
• CARLISLE, EARLS OF

Carlisle, and the result, completed in 1714, was the Corinthian See also:

• MANSION (through O. Fr. mansion, mod. maison, from Lat. mansio, dwelling-place, stage on a journey; manere, to remain)

mansion of See also:

• CASTLE
• CASTLE (Lat. castellum, a fort, diminutive of castra, a camp; Fr. chateau and chdtel)

Castle See also:

• HOWARD (FAMILY)
• HOWARD, CATHERINE (d. 1542)
• HOWARD, JOHN (1726-1790)
• HOWARD, LORD WILLIAM (1563–1640)
• HOWARD, OLIVER OTIS (1830-19o9)
• HOWARD, SIR ROBERT (1626–1698)

Howard . The See also:

• WORK

work is an See also:

• EXTENSION (Lat. ex, out ; tendere, to stretch)

extension of the Palladian See also:

• PLAN
• PLAN (from Lat. planes, flat)

plan introduced by Inigo See also:

• JONES
• JONES, ALFRED GILPIN (1824-1906)
• JONES, EBENEZER (182o-186o)
• JONES, ERNEST CHARLES (1819-1869)
• JONES, HENRY (1831-1899)
• JONES, HENRY ARTHUR (1851- )
• JONES, INIGO (1573-1651)
• JONES, JOHN (c. 1800-1882)
• JONES, MICHAEL (d. 1649)
• JONES, OWEN (1741-1814)
• JONES, OWEN (1809-1874)
• JONES, RICHARD (179o-1855)
• JONES, SIR ALFRED LEWIS (1845-1909)
• JONES, SIR WILLIAM (1746-1794)
• JONES, THOMAS RUPERT (1819– )
• JONES, WILLIAM (1726-1800)

Jones, with the addition of immense corridors in segmental colonnades leading from the See also:

• MAIN (from the Aryan root which appears in " may " and " might," and Lat. magnus, great)
• MAIN (Lat. Moenus)

main entrance to the wing blocks . From a scenic artist's point of view, it is a magnificent (and certainly his best) piece of work . The earl, then See also:

• DEPUTY (through the Fr. from a Late Lat. use of deputare, to cut off, allot; putare having the original sense of to trim, prune)

deputy earl-See also:

• MARSHAL (med. Lat. marescalcus, from O.H.Ger. marah, horse, and scalc, servant)

marshal, testified his See also:

• SATISFACTION (Lat. salisfacerc, to satisfy)

satisfaction by procuring for Vanbrugh a high See also:

• PLACE (through Fr. from Lat. platea, street; Gr. IrAar6s, wide)

place in the See also:

• COLLEGE (Collegium)

College of Arms . In See also:

• MARCH
• MARCH (1) (from Fr. marcher, to walk; the earliest sense in French appears to be " to trample," and the origin has usually been found in the Lat. marcus, hammer; Low Lat. marcare, to hammer; hence to beat the road with the regular tread of a soldier: cf.
• MARCH, AUZIAS (c. "1395-1458)
• MARCH, EARLS OF
• MARCH, FRANCIS ANDREW (1825– )

March 1704 he was actually promoted Clarenceux, though he not only knew nothing of See also:

• HERALDRY

heraldry but had openly ridiculed that See also:

• GRAVE

grave See also:

• SCIENCE (Lat. scientia, from scire; to learn, know)

science in Aesop . The indignant college protested in vain, and the architect See also:

• STUCK, FRANZ (1863— )

stuck to his place . His next work was to prepare designs for See also:

• KNELLER, SIR GODFREY (1648-1723)

Kneller See also:

• HALL
• HALL (generally known as SCHWABISCH-HALL, tc distinguish it from the small town of Hall in Tirol and Bad-Hall, a health resort in Upper Austria)
• HALL (O.E. heall, a common Teutonic word, cf. Ger. Halle)
• HALL, BASIL (1788-1844)
• HALL, CARL CHRISTIAN (1812–1888)
• HALL, CHARLES FRANCIS (1821-1871)
• HALL, CHRISTOPHER NEWMAN (1816—19oz)
• HALL, EDWARD (c. 1498-1547)
• HALL, FITZEDWARD (1825-1901)
• HALL, ISAAC HOLLISTER (1837-1896)
• HALL, JAMES (1793–1868)
• HALL, JAMES (1811–1898)
• HALL, JOSEPH (1574-1656)
• HALL, MARSHALL (1790-1857)
• HALL, ROBERT (1764-1831)
• HALL, SAMUEL CARTER (5800-5889)
• HALL, SIR JAMES (1761-1832)
• HALL, WILLIAM EDWARD (1835-1894)

Hall near See also:

• HOUNSLOW

Hounslow . But the success of Castle Howard now caused him to entertain the rash project of See also:

• BUILDING

building a theatre in the Haymarket, from his own See also:

• DESIGN (Fr. desiin, drawing; Lat. designare, to mark out)

design, for the acting of his own plays .

The joyous courage with which, having persuaded See also:

• THIRTY

thirty See also:

• PEOPLE

people in the fashionable See also:

• WORLD

world to aid him in finding the See also:

• MONEY

money, and See also:

• CONGREVE, RICHARD (1818-1899)
• CONGREVE, SIR WILLIAM
• CONGREVE, WILLIAM (167o-1729)

Congreve to aid him in finding the plays, he began to build in perfect unconsciousness of the danger before him, is the only passage in his See also:

• LIFE

life which may be called pathetic, See also:

• SAVE, or SAVA (Ger. Sau; Hungarian Szdva; Lat. Savus)

save of course his struggle with the " wicked woman of See also:

• MARLBOROUGH
• MARLBOROUGH, EARLS AND DUKES OF
• MARLBOROUGH, JOHN CHURCHILL, 1ST DUKE OF (1650-1722)

Marlborough." The magnitude of Vanbrugh's architectural ideas See also:

• GREW, NEHEMIAH (1641-1712)

grew as the work went on, and with the ideas the structure grew till a theatre meant for the delicate bijouterie work of polite comedy seemed growing to the proportions of the See also:

• ROMAN

Roman Colosseum . Whether Congreve endeavoured to put a check upon his friend's architectural and authorial fervour does not appear . But it must be remembered that not only Vanbrugh's plays but his own were to be acted there, and that, although Congreve was a man of great sagacity, no man, not even he who pretended to set his gentility above his See also:

• GENIUS (from Lat. genere, gignere)

genius, is sagacious when confronted by the surpassing excellence of his own poems and plays . When at length the time came to test the See also:

• ACOUSTICS (from the Gr. &eobav to hear)

acoustics of the See also:

• PILE

pile, it was found to be sadly defective . What changes were made to rectify the errors of structure does not appear . The theatre was opened to the public with an See also:

• ITALIAN

Italian See also:

• OPERA (Italian for " work ")

opera, which was followed by three of Moliere's comedies, and these by the Confederacy, Vanbrugh's masterpiece on the whole, though perhaps its finest scenes are not equal to the finest scenes in The Relapse . Vanbrugh at last withdrew from the disastrous See also:

• SPECULATION

speculation; Congreve had already withdrawn . But a man to whom See also:

• FORTUNE, ROBERT (1813-188o)

Fortune had been so See also:

• KIND (O. E. ge-cynde, from the same root as is seen in " kin," supra)

kind as she had been to Vanbrugh could hardly be depressed by any of her passing frowns . See also:

• QUEEN
• QUEEN (O.E. cwen, wife, related to "quean," O.E. cwene, a hussy; cf. Gr. yvvi7: from root gan-, to produce; cf. genus, " kin," &c.)

Queen Anne at once sent him abroad on an important See also:

• STATE
• STATE, GREAT OFFICERS OF

state errand, and afterwards he was commissioned to build See also:

• BLENHEIM (Ger. Blindheim)

Blenheim . Upon the merits and demerits of this famous " hollowed See also:

• QUARRY

quarry " there has been much conflict of See also:

• OPINION (Lat. opinio, from opinari, to think)

opinion . As to the sarcasms by See also:

• SWIFT
• SWIFT, JONATHAN (1667—1745)

Swift, See also:

• WALPOLE, HORATIO
• WALPOLE, SIR SPENCER (1839-1907)

Walpole, See also:

• EVANS, CHRISTMAS (1766-1838)
• EVANS, EVAN HERBER (1836-1896)
• EVANS, OLIVER (1755–1819)
• EVANS, SIR GEORGE DE LACY (1787–1870)
• EVANS, SIR JOHN (1823-1908)

Evans, and the See also:

• REST (O. Eng. rest, reste, bed, cognate with other Teutonic forms, e.g. Ger. Rast, Riiste, rest, and probably Gothic Rasta, league, i.e. resting or stopping place)

rest, they are as nothing when set against Sir See also:

• JOSHUA, BOOK OF

Joshua See also:

• REYNOLDS, JOHN FULTON (182o-1863)
• REYNOLDS, SIR JOSHUA (1723-1792)
• REYNOLDS, WALTER (d. 1327)

Reynolds's See also:

• DEFENCE
• DEFENCE (Lat. defendere, to defend)

defence of Vanbrugh and his style . Blenheim See also:

• PALACE (Lat. Palatium, the name given by Augustus to his residence on the Palatine Hill)

Palace is probably the largest domestic building in England, and consists of three blocks, the centre containing the private living rooms, one wing the stables, and the other the kitchens and storehouses .

It is planned on a See also:

• COLOSSAL

colossal See also:

• SCALE
• SCALE (1) A

scale . Vanbrugh considered a building and the parts of a building as simply so much material for effect, without regard to their reasonable use and the necessary limitations of design . Thus he would support his main See also:

• BLOCK
• BLOCK (from the Fr. bloc, and possibly connected with an Old Ger. Block, obstruction, cf. " baulk ")
• BLOCK, MAURICE (1816–19or)

block by subordinate See also:

• GROUPS
• GROUPS, THEORY

groups without considering for a moment the inconvenience that might be caused by the See also:

• KITCHEN (O.E. cycene; this and other cognate forms, such as Dutch keuken, Ger. Kiuche, Dan. kokken, Fr. cuisine, are formed from the Low Lat. cucina, Lat. coquina, coquere, to cook)

kitchen being removed by four See also:

• HUNDRED

hundred yards from the dining-See also:

• ROOM

room . See also:

• PERSONAL

Personal comfort was sacrificed to See also:

• PERSPECTIVE (Lat. peespicere, to see through)

perspective . Windows were to adorn the See also:

• ELEVATION

elevation, not to See also:

• LIGHT

light the interior; and, as Voltaire said, if the rooms had only been as wide as the walls were thick, the See also:

• CHATEAU (from Lat. castellum, fortress, through O. Fr. chastel, chasteau)

chateau would have been convenient enough . After Blenheim and Castle Howard, his next largest palace was probs ably Fleurs, near See also:

• KELSO

Kelso . His plans were only suitable to the largest kind of palace . Blenheim, however, was a source of great sorrow to the kindly dramatist . Though See also:

• PARLIAMENT (Anglo-Lat. parliamentum, Fr. parlement, from parler, to speak)

parliament had voted for the building of it, no See also:

• PROVISION (Lat. provisio)

provision had been made for the supplies . The queen while she lived paid them, and then Vanbrugh was See also:

• LEFT

left to the meanness of the See also:

• DUKE (corresponding to Fr. duc, Ital. duca, Ger. Herzog)

duke of Marlborough, and afterwards to the insolence of the " wicked woman," who did her best to embitter his life . Besides Castle Howard and Blenheim, he built many other country mansions, such as Grimsthorpe and Duncombe Hall in See also:

• YORKSHIRE

Yorkshire, Eastbury in See also:

• DORSETSHIRE (DORSET)

Dorsetshire, See also:

• SEATON, SIR JOHN COLBORNE

Seaton-Delaval in See also:

• NORTHUMBERLAND
• NORTHUMBERLAND, EARLS AND DUKES OF
• NORTHUMBERLAND, JOHN DUDLEY, VISCOUNT LISLE, EARL OF WARWICK
• NORTHUMBERLAND, JOHN NEVILLE, EARL OF (c. 1430-1471)

Northumberland, King's See also:

• WESTON, THOMAS (1737-1776)

Weston near See also:

• BRISTOL
• BRISTOL, EARLS AND MARQUESSES OF
• BRISTOL, GEORGE DIGBY, 2ND EARL OF1 (1612-1677)
• BRISTOL, JOHN DIGBY, 1ST EARL OF 6 (1580-1653)

Bristol, Oulton Hall in See also:

• CHESHIRE

Cheshire, old . See also:

• CLAREMONT

Claremont House at Esher, old See also:

• EATON, DORMAN BRIDGMAN (1823-1899)
• EATON, MARGARET
• EATON, THEOPHILUS (c. 15go-1658)
• EATON, WILLIAM (1764-1811)
• EATON, WYATT (1849-1896)

Eaton Hall, Iver See also:

• GROVE (O.E. graf, cf. O.E. gr(efa, brushwood, later" greave "; the word does not appear in any other Teutonic language, and the New English Dictionary finds no Indo-European root to which it can be referred; Skeat considers it connected with " grave," to
• GROVE, SIR GEORGE (182o-1900)
• GROVE, SIR WILLIAM ROBERT (1811-1896)

Grove, Bucks .

He also restored Kimbolton Castle for the earl of See also:

• MANCHESTER
• MANCHESTER (popularly Manchester-by-the-Sea)
• MANCHESTER, EARLS AND DUKES OF

Manchester . In 1716 he became architect to Greenwich See also:

• HOSPITAL (Lat. haspitalis, the adjective of hospes, host or guest)

Hospital . In January 1719 Vanbrugh married Henrietta Maria, daughter of See also:

• COLONEL (derived either from Lat. column, Fr. colonne, column, or Lat. corona, a crown)

Colonel Yarborough of Heslington, and four years after-wards, at the See also:

• ACCESSION (from Lat. accedere, to go to, to approach)

accession of See also:

• GEORGE
• GEORGE, 8TH MARQUESS OF TWEEDDALE (1787-1876)
• GEORGE, HENRY (1839—1897)
• GEORGE, LAKE
• GEORGE, SAINT (d. 303)

George I., he was knighted . He afterwards wrote again for the stage, and the unfinished fragment of the See also:

• JOURNEY (through O. Fr. jornee or journee, mod. Fr. journee, from med. Lat. diurnata, Lat. diurnus, of or belonging to dies, day)

Journey to London (completed by Cibber as The Provok'd See also:

• HUSBAND

Husband in 1.728) shows that his See also:

• POWERS, HIRAM (1805-1873)

powers remained to the last as See also:

• FINE

fine as ever . His married life was mostly spent at See also:

• BLACKHEATH

Blackheath, very probably in " Bastile House " on See also:

• MAZE

Maze See also:

• HILL
• HILL (0. Eng. hyll; cf. Low Ger. hull, Mid. Dutch hul, allied to Lat. celsus, high, collis, hill, &c.)
• HILL, A
• HILL, AARON (1685-175o)
• HILL, AMBROSE POWELL
• HILL, DANIEL HARVEY (1821-1889)
• HILL, DAVID BENNETT (1843–1910)
• HILL, GEORGE BIRKBECK NORMAN (1835-1903)
• HILL, JAMES J
• HILL, JOHN (c. 1716-1775)
• HILL, MATTHEW DAVENPORT (1792-1872)
• HILL, OCTAVIA (1838– )
• HILL, ROWLAND (1744–1833)
• HILL, SIR ROWLAND (1795-1879)

Hill, repaired in 1904 and now known as Vanbrugh Castle . His wife died there at a great See also:

• AGE (Fr. age, through late Lat. aetaticum, from aetas)

age in 1776, but " Van " himself died on the 26th of March 1726 in his modest See also:

• TOWN

town house, built in 1703 out of the ruins of See also:

• WHITEHALL

Whitehall and satirized by Swift as the " See also:

• GOOSE (a common Teut. word, O. Eng. gOs, pl. ges, Ger. Gans, O. Norse gas, from Aryan root, ghans, whence Sans. hansa, Lat. anser (for hanser)
• GOOSE (GAME OF)

goose See also:

• PIE

pie." The site is occupied to-day by the See also:

• WAR
• WAR (O. Eng. werre, Fr. guerre, of Teutonic origin; cf. O.H.G. werran, to confound)

War See also:

• OFFICE (from Lat. officium, " duty," " service," a shortened form of opifacium, from facere, " to do," and either the stem of opes, " wealth," " aid," or opus, " work ")

Office . The famous See also:

• EPITAPH (Gr. it oa¢cos, sc. X/yos, from bri, upon, and ra¢os, a tomb)

epitaph, " See also:

• LIE, JONAS LAURITZ EDEMIL (1833—1908)
• LIE, MARIUS SOPHUS (1842–1899)

Lie heavy on him, See also:

• EARTH
• EARTH (a word common to Teutonic languages, cf. Ger. Erde, Dutch aarde, Swed. and Dan. jord; outside Teutonic it appears only in the Gr. 'pq'e, on the ground; it has been connected by some etymologists with the Aryan root ar-, to plough, which is seen in
• EARTH, FIGURE OF
• EARTH, FIGURE OF THE

earth," is attributed to See also:

• ABEL (better ABELL), THOMAS (d. 1540)
• ABEL (Hebrew for breath)
• ABEL, KARL FRIEDRICH (1725-1787)
• ABEL, NIELS HENRIK (1802-1829)
• ABEL, SIR FREDERICK AUGUSTUS, BART

Abel Evans . The best portrait of the dramatist ,is the See also:

• KIT (1) (probably an adaptation of the Middle Dutch kitie, a wooden tub, usually with a lid and handles; in modern Dutch kit means a tankard)

kit-See also:

• CAT
• CAT, CIVET
• CAT, HOUSE

cat by Kneller . Vanbrugh's works were edited in 2 vols., 1893, by W . C . See also:

• WARD
• WARD, ADOLPHUS WILLIAM (1837- )
• WARD, ARTEMUS
• WARD, EDWARD MATTHEW (1816-1879)
• WARD, ELIZABETH STUART PHELPS (1844-1911)
• WARD, JAMES (1769--1859)
• WARD, JAMES (1843– )
• WARD, JOHN QUINCY ADAMS (1830-1910)
• WARD, LESTER FRANK (1841– )
• WARD, MARY AUGUSTA [MRS HUMPHRY WARD]
• WARD, WILLIAM (1766-1826)
• WARD, WILLIAM GEORGE (1812-1882)

Ward (portraits) . Select Plays were issued in the Mermaid See also:

• SERIES (a Latin word from serere, to join)

Series (ed .

A . E . H . Swaen) in 1896 . See G . H . Lovegrove's Life, Works and See also:

• INFLUENCE (Late Lat. influentia, from influere, to flow in)

Influence of Sir John Vanbrugh (1902), Max Dametz'sVanbrugghs Leben and Werke (1898), and Swift's Works (See also:

• BOHN, HENRY GEORGE (1796-1884)

Bohn), xii . 8o sq . (T .