See also:

• SIR

SIR See also:

• HENRY
• HENRY (1129-1195)
• HENRY (c. 1108-1139)
• HENRY (c. 1174–1216)
• HENRY (Fr. Henri; Span. Enrique; Ger. Heinrich; Mid. H. Ger. Heinrich and Heimrich; O.H.G. Haimi- or Heimirih, i.e. " prince, or chief of the house," from O.H.G. heim, the Eng. home, and rih, Goth. reiks; compare Lat. rex " king "—" rich," therefore " mig
• HENRY, EDWARD LAMSON (1841– )
• HENRY, JAMES (1798-1876)
• HENRY, JOSEPH (1797-1878)
• HENRY, MATTHEW (1662-1714)
• HENRY, PATRICK (1736–1799)
• HENRY, PRINCE OF BATTENBERG (1858-1896)
• HENRY, ROBERT (1718-1790)
• HENRY, VICTOR (1850– )
• HENRY, WILLIAM (1795-1836)

HENRY See also:

• VANE (formerly spelt " fane," i.e. pennon, flag; cf. Ger. Feline, Du. vaan, Fr. girouette, Ital. banderuola, Ger. Wellerfahne)
• VANE, SIR HENRY (1589-1654)
• SIR HENRY VANE (1613-1662)

VANE (1613-1662)  , See also:

• ENGLISH

English statesman and author, known as " the younger " to distinguish him from his See also:

• FATHER

father, See also:

• SIR

Sir See also:

• HENRY
• HENRY (1129-1195)
• HENRY (c. 1108-1139)
• HENRY (c. 1174–1216)
• HENRY (Fr. Henri; Span. Enrique; Ger. Heinrich; Mid. H. Ger. Heinrich and Heimrich; O.H.G. Haimi- or Heimirih, i.e. " prince, or chief of the house," from O.H.G. heim, the Eng. home, and rih, Goth. reiks; compare Lat. rex " king "—" rich," therefore " mig
• HENRY, EDWARD LAMSON (1841– )
• HENRY, JAMES (1798-1876)
• HENRY, JOSEPH (1797-1878)
• HENRY, MATTHEW (1662-1714)
• HENRY, PATRICK (1736–1799)
• HENRY, PRINCE OF BATTENBERG (1858-1896)
• HENRY, ROBERT (1718-1790)
• HENRY, VICTOR (1850– )
• HENRY, WILLIAM (1795-1836)

Henry See also:

• VANE (formerly spelt " fane," i.e. pennon, flag; cf. Ger. Feline, Du. vaan, Fr. girouette, Ital. banderuola, Ger. Wellerfahne)
• VANE, SIR HENRY (1589-1654)
• VANE, SIR HENRY (1613-1662)

Vane (q.v.), was baptized on the 26th of May 1613, at Debden, See also:

• ESSEX
• ESSEX, ARTHUR CAPEL
• ESSEX, EARLS OF
• ESSEX, KINGDOM OF
• ESSEX, ROBERT DEVEREUX
• ESSEX, ROBERT DEVEREUX, 2ND2 EARL OF (1566-1601)
• ESSEX, WALTER DEVEREUX, IST2 EARL OF (1541–1576)

Essex . After an See also:

• EDUCATION

education at See also:

• WESTMINSTER
• WESTMINSTER, MARQUESSES AND DUKES OF
• WESTMINSTER, STATUTES OF
• WESTMINSTER, SYNODS OF

Westminster, where he was noted for his high and reckless See also:

• SPIRITS

spirits, and at Magdalen See also:

• HALL
• HALL (generally known as SCHWABISCH-HALL, tc distinguish it from the small town of Hall in Tirol and Bad-Hall, a health resort in Upper Austria)
• HALL (O.E. heall, a common Teutonic word, cf. Ger. Halle)
• HALL, BASIL (1788-1844)
• HALL, CARL CHRISTIAN (1812–1888)
• HALL, CHARLES FRANCIS (1821-1871)
• HALL, CHRISTOPHER NEWMAN (1816—19oz)
• HALL, EDWARD (c. 1498-1547)
• HALL, FITZEDWARD (1825-1901)
• HALL, ISAAC HOLLISTER (1837-1896)
• HALL, JAMES (1793–1868)
• HALL, JAMES (1811–1898)
• HALL, JOSEPH (1574-1656)
• HALL, MARSHALL (1790-1857)
• HALL, ROBERT (1764-1831)
• HALL, SAMUEL CARTER (5800-5889)
• HALL, SIR JAMES (1761-1832)
• HALL, WILLIAM EDWARD (1835-1894)

Hall, See also:

• OXFORD
• OXFORD, EARLS OF
• OXFORD, EDWARD DE VERE, 17TH EARL
• OXFORD, JOHN DE VERE, 13TH EARL OF (1443-1513)
• OXFORD, PROVISIONS OF
• OXFORD, ROBERT DE VERE, 9TH EARL OF (1362-1392)
• OXFORD, ROBERT HARLEY, 1ST

Oxford, where he neither matriculated nor took his degree, he was attached to the See also:

• EMBASSY

embassy at See also:

• VIENNA (Ger. Wien; Lat. Vindobona)
• VIENNA, CONGRESS OF (1814-1815)

Vienna and at See also:

• LEIDEN

Leiden and See also:

• GENEVA
• GENEVA (Fr. Geneve, Ger. Genf, Ital. Ginevra, Late Lat. Gebenna, though Genava in good Latin)
• GENEVA, LAKE OF

Geneva . He had already acquired strong Puritan views which, in spite of the See also:

• PERSONAL

personal efforts of See also:

• LAUD (Lat. laws)
• LAUD, WILLIAM (1573-1645)

Laud, who made the See also:

• ATTEMPT (Lat. adtemptare, attentare, to try)

attempt at the See also:

• KING
• KING (O. Eng. cyning, abbreviated into cyng, cing; cf. O. H. G. chun- kuning, chun- kunig, M.H.G. kiinic, kiinec, kiinc, Mod. Ger. Konig, O. Norse konungr, kongr, Swed. konung, kung)
• KING [OF OCKHAM], PETER KING, 1ST BARON (1669-1734)
• KING, CHARLES WILLIAM (1818-1888)
• KING, CLARENCE (1842–1901)
• KING, EDWARD (1612–1637)
• KING, EDWARD (1829–1910)
• KING, HENRY (1591-1669)
• KING, RUFUS (1755–1827)
• KING, THOMAS (1730–1805)
• KING, WILLIAM (1650-1729)
• KING, WILLIAM (1663–1712)

king's See also:

• REQUEST, LETTERS OF

request, he refused to give up . In 1635, in See also:

• ORDER
• ORDER (through Fr. ordre, for earlier ordene, from Lat. ordo, ordinis, rank, service, arrangement; the ultimate source is generally taken to be the root seen in Lat. oriri, rise, arise, begin; cf. " origin ")
• ORDER, HOLY

order to obtain the See also:

• FREE

free exercise of his See also:

• RELIGION
• RELIGION, FOLKLORE, CUSTOM

religion, he emigrated to See also:

• MASSACHUSETTS (an Indian name, originally applied to a tribe of Indians)

Massachusetts, where he was elected See also:

• GOVERNOR (from the Fr. gouverneur, from gouverner, O. Fr. governer, Lat. gubernare, to steer a ship, to direct, guide)

governor in 1636 . After one See also:

• YEAR

year in See also:

• OFFICE (from Lat. officium, " duty," " service," a shortened form of opifacium, from facere, " to do," and either the stem of opes, " wealth," " aid," or opus, " work ")

office, during which he showed some administrative ability, he was defeated by See also:

• WINTHROP
• WINTHROP, JOHN (1588-1649)
• WINTHROP, JOHN (1606-1676)
• WINTHROP, ROBERT CHARLES (1809-1894)

Winthrop, the former governor, chiefly on See also:

• ACCOUNT
• ACCOUNT (through O. Fr. acont, Late Lat. comptum, cornputare, to calculate)

account of the See also:

• PROTECTION

protection he had given to Mrs See also:

• HUTCHINSON
• HUTCHINSON, ANNE (c. 1600-1643)
• HUTCHINSON, JOHN (1615-1664)
• HUTCHINSON, JOHN (1674-1737)
• HUTCHINSON, SIR JONATHAN (1828– )
• HUTCHINSON, THOMAS (1711-1780)

Hutchinson in the religious controversies which she raised . He, however, never lost his See also:

• INTEREST

interest in the colonies, and used his See also:

• INFLUENCE (Late Lat. influentia, from influere, to flow in)

influence hereafter on several occasions in their support . Vane returned to See also:

• ENGLAND
• ENGLAND, THE CHURCH OF

England in See also:

• AUGUST (originally Sextilis)

August 1637 . He was made See also:

• JOINT (through Fr. from Lat. junctum, jungere, to join)

joint-treasurer of the See also:

• NAVY

navy with Sir W . See also:

• RUSSELL (FAMILY)
• RUSSELL, ISRAEL COOK (1852- )
• RUSSELL, JOHN (1745-1806)
• RUSSELL, JOHN (d. 1494)
• RUSSELL, JOHN RUSSELL, 1ST EARL (1792-1878)
• RUSSELL, JOHN SCOTT (1808–1882)
• RUSSELL, LORD WILLIAM (1639–1683)
• RUSSELL, SIR WILLIAM HOWARD
• RUSSELL, THOMAS (1762-1788)
• RUSSELL, WILLIAM CLARK (1844– )

Russell in See also:

• JANUARY

January 1639, was elected for See also:

• HULL
• HULL (in O.Eng. hulu, from helan, to cover, cf. Ger. Hiille, covering)
• HULL (officially KINGSTON-UPON-HULL)
• HULL, ISAAC (1775-1843)

Hull in the See also:

• SHORT, FRANCIS JOB (1857– )

Short and See also:

• LONG, GEORGE (1800-1879)
• LONG, JOHN DAVIS (1838– )

Long Parliaments, and was knighted on the 23rd of See also:

• JUNE

June 5640 . Accidentally finding among his father's papers some notes of See also:

• STRAFFORD, EARLS OF
• STRAFFORD, THOMAS WENTWORTH, EARL

Strafford's speech in the See also:

• COUNCIL (Lat. concilium, from cum, together, and the root cal, to call)

council of May 5, 1640, he allowed See also:

• PYM, JOHN (1584-1643)

Pym to take a copy, and was thus instrumental in bringing about Strafford's downfall . He carried up the See also:

• IMPEACHMENT (O. Fr. empeahement, empeschement, from em pecher or empescher, to hinder, Late Lat. impedicare, to entangle, pedica, fetter, pes, foot)

impeachment of Laud from the See also:

• COMMONS

Commons, was a strong supporter, when on the See also:

• COMMITTEE (from commute, an Anglo-Fr. past participle of commettre, Lat. committere, to entrust; the modern Fr. equivalent comite is derived from the Eng.)

committee of religion, of the " See also:

• ROOT (late O.E. rot, adopted from Scand., cf. Norw. and Swed. rot, Dan. rod; the true O.E. word was wyrt, plant, represented in Ger. Wurz or Wurzel; the ultimate root is the same in both words, and is seen in Lat. radix)
• ROOT, ELIHU (1845– )

Root and See also:

• BRANCH (from the Fr. branche, late Lat. branca, an animal's paw)

Branch " See also:

• BILL

bill, and in June 1641 put forward a See also:

• SCHEME (Lat. schema, Gr. oxfjya, figure, form, from the root axe, seen in exeiv, to have, hold, to be of such shape, form, &c.)

scheme of See also:

• CHURCH
• CHURCH (according to most authorities derived from the Gr. Kvpcaxov [&wµa], " the Lord's [house]," and common to many Teutonic, Slavonic and other languages under various forms—Scottish kirk, Ger. Kirche, Swed. kirka, Dan. kirke, Russ. tserkov, Buig. cerk
• CHURCH, FREDERICK EDWIN (1826-1900)
• CHURCH, GEORGE EARL (1835–1910)
• CHURCH, RICHARD WILLIAM (1815–189o)
• CHURCH, SIR RICHARD (1784–1873)

church See also:

• GOVERNMENT
• GOVERNMENT (0. Fr. governement, mod. gouvernement, O. Fr. governer, mod. gouverner, from Lat. gubernare, to steer a ship, guide, rule; cf. Gr. xv(3epvav)

government by which commissioners, See also:

• HALF

half See also:

• LAY

lay and half cleric, were to assume ecclesiastical See also:

• JURISDICTION
• JURISDICTION, CRIMINAL LAW, DIVORCE

jurisdiction in each See also:

• DIOCESE (formed on Fr. diocese, in place of the Eng. form diocess—current until the 19th century—from Lat. dioecesis, med. Lat. variant diocesis, from Gr. Swucio•tc, " house-keeping," " administration," &miceas, " to keep house," " to govern ")

diocese . During the See also:

• ABSENCE (Lat. absentia)

absence of Pym and See also:

• HAMPDEN, HENRY BOUVERIE WILLIAM BRAND, 1ST
• HAMPDEN, JOHN (c. 1595-1643)
• HAMPDEN, RENN DICKSON (1793-1868)

Hampden from the See also:

• HOUSE
• HOUSE (O. Eng. hiss, a word common to Teutonic languages, cf. Dut. huis, Ger. Haus; in Gothic it is only found in gudhiss, a temple; it may be ultimately connected with the root of " hide," conceal)

House at the See also:

• TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
• TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
• TIME, STANDARD

time of See also:

• CHARLES
• CHARLES (1270-1325)
• CHARLES (1421-1461)
• CHARLES (1525-1574)
• CHARLES (c. 1319-1364)
• CHARLES (Fr. Charles; Span. Carlos; Ital. Carlo; Ger. Karl; derived from O.H.G. Charal,latinized as Carolus, meaning originally " man ": cf. Mod.Ger., Kerl," fellow," A.S. ceorl, Mod. Eng. " churl ")
• CHARLES (KARL EITEL ZEPHYRIN LUDWIG; in Rum. CAROL)
• CHARLES [KARL ALEXANDER] (1712-1780)
• CHARLES, ELIZABETH (1828-1896)
• CHARLES, JACQUES ALEXANDRE CESAR (1746-1823)
• CHARLES, THOMAS (1755-1814)

Charles's attempted See also:

• ARREST (Fr. arrester, arreeter, to stop or stay)

arrest of the five members, Vane led the See also:

• PARLIAMENTARY

parliamentary party, and was finally dismissed from his office in See also:

• DECEMBER (Lat. decent, ten)

December 1641, being reinstated by the See also:

• PARLIAMENT (Anglo-Lat. parliamentum, Fr. parlement, from parler, to speak)

parliament in August 1642 .

The same See also:

• MONTH
• MONTH (a common Teutonic word, cf. Ger. Mond, Du. maand, Dan. maaned, &c., and cognate with Lat. mensis, Gr. µi7v, &c., in other branches of the Indo-Germanic family; all ultimately from the root seen in the word for the moon in nearly all those languages

month he was placed upon the committee of See also:

• DEFENCE
• DEFENCE (Lat. defendere, to defend)

defence . In . 1643 he was the leading See also:

• MAN
• MAN, ISLE OF (anc. Mona)

man among the commissioners sent. to treat for a See also:

• LEAGUE

league with the Scots . Vane, who was bitterly opposed to the tyranny of the Presbyterian See also:

• SYSTEM

system, was successful in two important points . The aim of the Scots was chiefly the See also:

• PROPAGATION

propagation of their discipline in England and See also:

• WALES (Cymru, Gwalia, Cambria)

Wales, and for this they wanted only a " See also:

• COVENANT
• COVENANT (an O. Fr. form, later convenant, from convenir, to agree, Lat. convenire)

covenant." The English desired a See also:

• POLITICAL

political " league." Vane succeeded in getting the See also:

• BOND
• BOND, SIR EDWARD AUGUSTUS (1815-1898)

bond termed the See also:

• SOLEMN (Lat. sollemnis, sollemnis, less correctly solennis, yearly, annual; from sollus = totus, whole, entire, Gr. Mos., and annus, year)

Solemn League and Covenant, and further in substituting the whole expression " according to the word of See also:

• GOD

God and the example of the best Reformed churches " for the latter See also:

• PART

part alone . He succeeded to the leadership of the party on Pym's See also:

• DEATH

death . He promoted, and became a See also:

• CHIEF (from Fr. chef, head, Lat. caput)

chief member of, the committee of both kingdoms established in See also:

• FEBRUARY

February 1644, and was sent to See also:

• YORK
• YORK (HOUSE OF)
• YORK, EDMUND OF LANGLEY, DUKE OF (1341-1402)
• YORK, EDWARD
• YORK, FREDERICK AUGUSTUS, DUKE OF (1763-1827)
• YORK, RICHARD, DUKE

York in the summer of the year to urge See also:

• FAIRFAX, EDWARD (c. 1580-1635)

Fairfax and See also:

• MANCHESTER
• MANCHESTER (popularly Manchester-by-the-Sea)
• MANCHESTER, EARLS AND DUKES OF

Manchester to See also:

• MARCH
• MARCH (1) (from Fr. marcher, to walk; the earliest sense in French appears to be " to trample," and the origin has usually been found in the Lat. marcus, hammer; Low Lat. marcare, to hammer; hence to beat the road with the regular tread of a soldier: cf.
• MARCH, AUZIAS (c. "1395-1458)
• MARCH, EARLS OF
• MARCH, FRANCIS ANDREW (1825– )

march against See also:

• PRINCE
• PRINCE (Lat. princeps, from primus capio, " I am the first to take "; Ital. principe, Fr. prince)

Prince See also:

• RUPERT (1352—1410)
• RUPERT (HRODBERT), ST
• RUPERT, PRINCE, COUNT PALATINE OF THE RHINE AND DUKE OF BAVARIA (1619—1682)

Rupert, and secretly to propose the king's deposition . In 1645 he was one of the negotiators of the treaty of See also:

• UXBRIDGE

Uxbridge . He was, with See also:

• CROMWELL, HENRY (1628-1674)
• CROMWELL, OLIVER (1599-1658)
• CROMWELL, RICHARD (1626–1712)
• CROMWELL, THOMAS, EARL OF

Cromwell, a See also:

• PRIME, PRIMER AND PRIMING

prime mover in the Self-Denying See also:

• ORDINANCE
• ORDINANCE, or ORDONNANCE

Ordinance and the New See also:

• MODEL (0. Fr. modelle, mod. modele; It. modello, pattern, mould; from Lat. modus, measure, standard)

Model, and his adherence to the See also:

• ARMY
• ARMY (from Fr. armee, Lat. armata)

army party and to religious tolerance now caused a definite See also:

• BREACH (Mid. Eng. breche, derived from the common Teutonic root brec, which appears in " break," Ger. brechen, &c.)

breach with the Scots . Vane had at the Westminster See also:

• ASSEMBLY, UNLAWFUL

Assembly, writes See also:

• BAILLIE, JOANNA (1762-1851)
• BAILLIE, LADY GRIZEL (1665-1746)
• BAILLIE, ROBERT (1602-1662)
• BAILLIE, ROBERT (d. 1684)

Baillie indignantly, " prolixly, earnestly and passionately reasoned for a full See also:

• LIBERTY (Lat. libertas, from liber, free)

liberty of See also:

• CONSCIENCE (Lat. con-scientia, literally " knowledge of a thing shared with another person " or " complete knowledge," and derivatively " consciousness in general)
• CONSCIENCE, HENDRIK (1812-1883)

conscience to all religions," a policy directly opposed to See also:

• PRESBYTERIANISM

Presbyterianism, and his leadership terminated when the latter party obtained the supremacy in parliament in 1646 . During the subsequent struggle he was one of the six See also:

• COMA (Gr. K(.7)

coma missioners appointed to treat with the army by the parliament, and endeavoured to effect a See also:

• COMPROMISE (pronounced compromize; through Fr. from Lat. compromittere)

compromise, but failed, being distrusted by both the See also:

• LEVELLERS

Levellers and the Presbyterians . His views of government may be studied in The See also:

• PEOPLE

People's See also:

• CASE
• CASE, JOHN (d. 1600)

Case Stated, written shortly before his death .

" The See also:

• POWER [WILLIAM GRATTAN] TYRONE (1797-1841)

power which is directive, and states and ascertains the morality of the See also:

• RULE

rule of obedience, is in the See also:

• HAND
• HAND (a word common to Teutonic languages; cf. Ger. Hand, Goth. handus)
• HAND, FERDINAND GOTTHELF (1786-185r)

hand of God; but the See also:

• ORIGINAL

original, from whence all just power arises, which is magistratical and coercitive, is from the will or free See also:

• GIFT (a common Teutonic word, cf. Ger. die Gift, gift, das Gift, poison, formed from the Teut. stem gab-, to give, cf. Dutch geven, Ger. geben; in O. Eng. the word appears with initial y, the guttural of later English is due to Scandinavian influence)

gift of the .people, who may either keep the power in themselves or give up their, subjection and will in the hand of another." King and people were See also:

• BOUND, or BOUNDARY (from O. Fr. bonde, Med. Lat. bodena or butina, a frontier line)

bound by " the fundamental constitution or compact," which if the king violated, the people might return to their original right and freedom . In spite, however, of these free opinions, Vane still desired the See also:

• MAINTENANCE (Fr. maintenance, from maintenir, to maintain, support, Lat. manu tenere, to hold in the hand)

maintenance of the See also:

• MONARCHY (Fr. monarchic, from Lat. monarchia, Gr. uovapXia, rule of one, µbvos, alone, apXi7, rule)

monarchy and the constitution . He voted for a See also:

• DECLARATION (from Lat. declarare, to make fully clear, clams)

declaration to this effect on the 28th of See also:

• APRIL

April 1648, and had consistently opposed the various votes of " non-addresses." Several communications had already been fruitlessly attempted with Vane from the king's See also:

• SIDE
• SIDE (mod. Eski Adalia)

side, through the agency of See also:

• LORD
• LORD (O. Eng. hldford, i.e. hldfweard, the warder or keeper of bread, hlIf, loaf; the word is not represented in any other Teutonic language)
• LORD, JOHN (1810-1894)

Lord See also:

• LOVELACE, RICHARD (1618-1658)

Lovelace in January 1644, and through that of See also:

• JOHN
• JOHN (1167–1216)
• JOHN (1290-c. 1320)
• JOHN (1296-1346)
• JOHN (1371–1419)
• JOHN (1468-1532)
• JOHN (1801-1873)
• JOHN (Heb. llni')
• JOHN (ZAPOLYA) (1487-1540)
• JOHN, 4TH MARQUESS OF TWEEDDALE (c. 1695-1762)
• JOHN, DON (1545-1578)
• JOHN, DON (1629–1679)
• JOHN, GOSPEL OF ST
• JOHN, or HAYS (1513–1571)
• JOHN, THE APOSTLE
• JOHN, THE EPISTLES OF

John See also:

• ASHBURNHAM, JOHN (c. 1603-1671)

Ashburnham in March 1646 . Vane now supported the renewal of negotiations, and was appointed on the 1st of See also:

• SEPTEMBER (Lat. septem, seven)

September 1648 one of the commissioners for the treaty of See also:

• NEWPORT

Newport . He here showed a See also:

• DESIRE

desire to come to terms on the See also:

• FOUNDATION (Lat. fundatio, from fundare, to found)

foundation of See also:

• TOLERATION (from Lat. tolerare, to endure)

toleration and a " moderate See also:

• EPISCOPACY (from Late Lat. episcopatus, the office of a bishop, episcopas)

episcopacy," of which Cromwell greatly disapproved, and opposed the shaking off of the conferences . He absented himself from parliament on the occasion of " See also:

• PRIDE, THOMAS (d. 1658)

Pride's Purge," and remained in retirement until after the king's death, a measure in which he took no part, though he continued to See also:

• ACT (Lat. actus, actum)

act as a member of the government . On the 14th of February 1649 he was placed on the council of See also:

• STATE
• STATE, GREAT OFFICERS OF

state, though he refused to take the See also:

• OATH (0. Eng. ddh)

oath which expressed approbation of the king's See also:

• EXECUTION (from Lat. ex-sequor, exsecutus, follow or carry out)

execution . Vane now showed himself an able See also:

• ADMINISTRATOR

administrator . He served on innumerable committees of importance, and was assiduous in his attendance . He furnished the supplies for Cromwell's expedition to See also:

• SCOTLAND
• SCOTLAND, CHURCH OF
• SCOTLAND, EPISCOPAL CHURCH OF

Scotland, and was one of the commissioners sent there subsequently to See also:

• SETTLE
• SETTLE, ELKANAH (1648–1724)

settle the government and negotiate a See also:

• UNION
• UNION (known locally as Union Hill and officially as Town of Union)

union between the two countries . He showed See also:

• GREAT

great See also:

• ENERGY (from the Gr. ivipyela; iv, in, ipyov, work)

energy in colonial and See also:

• FOREIGN

foreign affairs, was a leading member of the committee dealing with the latter, and in 1651 went on a See also:

• SECRET (Lat. secretum, hidden, concealed)

secret See also:

• MISSION

mission to negotiate with See also:

• CARDINAL (Lat. cardinalis)

Cardinal de See also:

• RETZ, JEAN FRANCOIS PAUL DE GONDI, CARDINAL DE (1614-1679)
• RETZ, SEIGNEURS AND DUKES OF

Retz, who was much struck with his ability, while his, knowledge of foreign policy, in which he inclined in favour of See also:

• HOLLAND
• HOLLAND, CHARLES (1733–1769)
• HOLLAND, COUNTY AND PROVINCE OF
• HOLLAND, HENRY FOX, 1ST BARON (1705–1774)
• HOLLAND, HENRY RICH, 1ST EARL OF (1S9o-,649)
• HOLLAND, HENRY RICHARD VASSALL FOX, 3RD
• HOLLAND, JOSIAH GILBERT (1819-1881)
• HOLLAND, PHILEMON (1552-1637)
• HOLLAND, RICHARD, or RICHARD DE HOLANDE (fl. 1450)
• HOLLAND, SIR HENRY, BART

Holland,earned the praise also of See also:

• MILTON
• MILTON, JOHN (1608–1674)

Milton . To Vane, as chief See also:

• COMMISSIONER

commissioner of the navy, belongs largely the See also:

• CREDIT (Lat. credere, to believe)

credit of the victories obtained against See also:

• VAN

Van See also:

• TROMP

Tromp .

In domestic politics Vane continued to urge his views of toleration and his opposition to a state church . On the 9th of January 165o he brought forward as chairman the See also:

• REPORT (O.Fr. report or raport, modern rapport, from O.Fr. reporter, mod. rap porter, Lat. reportare, to bring back, in poetical use only, of bringing back an account, news, &c.)

report of a committee on the regulation of elections . He wished to reform the See also:

• FRANCHISE (from 0. Fr. franchise, freedom, franc, free)

franchise on the See also:

• PROPERTY

property basis, to disfranchise some of the existing boroughs, and to give increased See also:

• REPRESENTATION

representation to the large towns; the sitting members, however, were to retain their seats . In this he was opposed to Cromwell, who desired an entirely new parliament and the supremacy of the army representation . On the 2oth of April Cromwell forcibly dissolved the Long Parliament while in the act of passing Vane's bill . On the latter's protesting, " This is not honest; yea, it is against morality and See also:

• COMMON

common honesty," Cromwell See also:

• FELL
• FELL, JOHN (1625-1686)

fell a-railing at him, crying out with a loud See also:

• VOICE (Fr. voix, from Lat. vox)

voice, " O Sir Henry Vane, Sir Henry Vane; the Lord deliver me from Sir Henry Vane!" (See also:

• LUDLOW
• LUDLOW, EDMUND (c. 1617-1692)

Ludlow, Mem. i . 353)• Hitherto they had lived on intimate terms of friendship, but this incident created a permanent breach . In his seclusion at Raby he now wrote the Retired Man's Meditations (1655) . In' 1656 he proposed in A Healing Question (reprinted in the " See also:

• SOMERS, JOHN SOMERS (or SOMMERS), BARON (1651–1716)

Somers Tracts," vol. vi. ed . See also:

• SCOTT, ALEXANDER (fl. 1550)
• SCOTT, DAVID (18o6-1849)
• SCOTT, MICHAEL (1789-1835)
• SCOTT, ROBERT (1811-1887)
• SCOTT, SIR GEORGE GILBERT (1811-1878)
• SCOTT, SIR WALTER, BART
• SCOTT, WILLIAM BELL (1811-1890)
• SCOTT, WINFIELD (1786-1866)

Scott) a new See also:

• FORM (Lat. forma)

form of government, insisting as before upon a Puritan parliament supreme over the army . The seditious movements of the See also:

• ANABAPTISTS (" re-baptizers," from Gr. apa and J3airri tt')

Anabaptists were also attributed to his influence, and on the 29th of See also:

• JULY

July 1656 he was summoned before the council . Refusing to give See also:

• SECURITY (Lat. securus, free from care, safe)

security not to disturb the public See also:

• PEACE
• PEACE, BREACH OF THE

peace, he was on the 9th of September sent prisoner to See also:

• CARISBROOKE

Carisbrooke See also:

• CASTLE
• CASTLE (Lat. castellum, a fort, diminutive of castra, a camp; Fr. chateau and chdtel)

Castle, and there remained until the 31st of December .

He ad-dressed a See also:

• LETTER (through Fr. lettre from Lat. littera or litera, letter of the alphabet; the origin of the Latin word is obscure; it has probably no connexion with the root of linere, to smear, i.e. with wax, for an inscription with a stilus)

letter to Cromwell in which he repudiated the extra-parliamentary authority he had assumed . In the parliament of See also:

• RICHARD
• RICHARD (d. 1184)
• RICHARD, FRANCOIS MARIE BENJAMIN (18,9-1908)
• RICHARD, HENRY (1812-1888)
• RICHARD, ST

Richard Cromwell he was elected for See also:

• WHITCHURCH

Whitchurch, when he urged that the See also:

• PROTECTOR

protector's power should be strictly limited, and the negative voice of the new House of Lords disallowed . Subsequently he allied himself with the See also:

• OFFICERS

officers in setting aside' the See also:

• PROTECTORATE

protectorate and in restoring the Long Parliament, and on Richard Cromwell's See also:

• ABDICATION (Lat. abdicatio, disowning, renouncing, from ab, from, and dicare, to declare, to proclaim as not belonging to one)

abdication he regained his former supremacy in ' the See also:

• NATIONAL

national counsels . He was a member of the committee of safety and of the council of state appointed in May, was commissioner for the navy and for the See also:

• APPOINTMENT, POWER OF

appointment of army officers, managed foreign affairs and superintended See also:

• FINANCE

finance . He adhered to See also:

• LAMBERT [alias NICHOLSON], JOHN (d. 1538)
• LAMBERT, DANIEL (1770-1809)
• LAMBERT, FRANCIS (c 1486-153o)
• LAMBERT, JOHANN HEINRICH (1728–1777)
• LAMBERT, JOHN (1619-1694)

Lambert, remained a member of the government after the latter had turned out the Long Parliament, and endeavoured to maintain it by reconciling the disputing generals and by negotiating with the navy, which first deserted the cause . In consequence, at the restoration of the Long Parliament he was expelled the House and ordered to retire to Raby . At the Restoration Vane was imprisoned in the See also:

• TOWER (Lat. turris; Fr. tour, clocker; Ital. torre; Ger. Thurm)

Tower by the king's order . After several conferences between the houses of parliament, it was agreed that he should be excepted from the See also:

• INDEMNITY (through Fr. indemnite, Lat. indemnis, free from damage or loss; in-, negative, and damnum, loss)

indemnity bill, but that a See also:

• PETITION (Lat. for " seeking " or " praying ")

petition should be sent to Charles asking that his See also:

• LIFE

life might be spared . The petition was granted . On the See also:

• MEETING (from " to meet," to come together, assemble, 0. Eng. metals ; cf. Du. moeten, Swed. mota, Goth. gamotjan, &c., derivatives of the Teut. word for a meeting, seen in O. Eng. Wit, moot, an assembly of the people; cf. witanagemot)

meeting, however, of the new' parliament of 1661, a See also:

• VOTE

vote was passed demanding his trial on the See also:

• CAPITAL (i.e. capital stock or fund)
• CAPITAL (Lat. caput, head)

capital See also:

• CHARGE
• CHARGE (through the Fr. from the Late Lat. carricare, to load in a carrus or wagon; cf. " cargo ")

charge, and Vane was taken back to the Tower in April 1662 from the Scilly Isles, where he had been imprisoned . On the 2nd of June he appeared before the king's See also:

• BENCH (an O.E. and Eng. form of a word common to Teutonic languages, cf. Ger. Bank, Dan. baenk and the Eng. doublet " bank ")

bench to See also:

• ANSWER (derived from and, against, and the same root as swear)

answer the charge of high See also:

• TREASON (Fr. trahison, Lat. traditio)

treason, when he made a bold and skilful defence, asserting the See also:

• SOVEREIGN

sovereign power of parliament in See also:

• JUSTIFICATION

justification of his conduct . He was, however, found guilty, and executed on Tower See also:

• HILL
• HILL (0. Eng. hyll; cf. Low Ger. hull, Mid. Dutch hul, allied to Lat. celsus, high, collis, hill, &c.)
• HILL, A
• HILL, AARON (1685-175o)
• HILL, AMBROSE POWELL
• HILL, DANIEL HARVEY (1821-1889)
• HILL, DAVID BENNETT (1843–1910)
• HILL, GEORGE BIRKBECK NORMAN (1835-1903)
• HILL, JAMES J
• HILL, JOHN (c. 1716-1775)
• HILL, MATTHEW DAVENPORT (1792-1872)
• HILL, OCTAVIA (1838– )
• HILL, ROWLAND (1744–1833)
• HILL, SIR ROWLAND (1795-1879)

Hill on the 14th of June 1662 .

He had married, in 164o, Frances, daughter of Sir See also:

• CHRISTOPHER, SAINT (Christophorus, Christoferus)

Christopher Wray of Barlings, by whom he had a large See also:

• FAMILY

family of sons and daughters . Of these Christopher, the fifth son, succeeded to his father's estates and was created See also:

• BARON
• BARON (1835-1895)
• BARON, MICHEL (1653—1729)

Baron See also:

• BARNARD, FREDERICK AUGUSTUS PORTER (1809–1889)
• BARNARD, GEORGE GREY (1863— )
• BARNARD, HENRY (1811-1900)
• BARNARD, JOHN
• BARNARD, LADY ANNE (1750–1825)

Barnard by See also:

• WILLIAM
• WILLIAM (1143-1214)
• WILLIAM (1227-1256)
• WILLIAM (1J33-1584)
• WILLIAM (A.S. Wilhelm, O. Norse Vilhidlmr; O. H. Ger. Willahelm, Willahalm, M. H. Ger. Willehelm, Willehalm, Mod.Ger. Wilhelm; Du. Willem; O. Fr. Villalme, Mod. Fr. Guillaume; from " will," Goth. vilja, and " helm," Goth. hilms, Old Norse hidlmr, meaning
• WILLIAM (c. 1130-C. 1190)
• WILLIAM, 13TH

William III . Vane's great talents as an administrator and statesman have been universally acknowledged . He possessed, says See also:

• CLARENDON, CONSTITUTIONS OF
• CLARENDON, EDWARD HYDE, 1ST EARL OF (1609-1674)
• CLARENDON, GEORGE WILLIAM FREDERICK VILLIERS, 4TH EARL OF (in the Villiers line) (1800-r87o)
• CLARENDON, HENRY HYDE

Clarendon, " extra-See also:

• ORDINARY (med. Lat. ordinarius, Fr. ordinaire)

ordinary parts, a pleasant wit, a great understanding, a See also:

• TEMPER (from Lat. temperare, to mingle or compound in due proportion, to qualify, rule, regulate, to be moderate, formed from tempos, time, fit or due season)

temper not to be moved," and in debate " a See also:

• QUICK

quick conception and a very See also:

• SHARP, GRANVILLE (1735-1813)
• SHARP, JAMES (1618-1679)
• SHARP, JOHN (1645-1714)
• SHARP, RICHARD (1759-1835)
• SHARP, WILLIAM (1749-1824)
• SHARP, WILLIAM (1856-1905)

sharp and weighty expression." His patriotism and assiduity in the public service, and See also:

• COMPLETE

complete freedom from corruption, were equally admirable and conspicuous, His religious writings, apart from his See also:

• CONSTANT, BENJAMIN (1845-1902)

constant devotion to toleration and dislike of a state church, are exceedingly obscure both in See also:

• STYLE
• STYLE (from Gr. a-6'1ms, a column; a different word from that used in literature, see below)

style and See also:

• MATTER

matter, while his See also:

• ENTHUSIASM

enthusiasm and fanaticism in speculative See also:

• DOCTRINE

doctrine combine curiously, but not perhaps incongruously, with exceptional sagacity and shrewdness in See also:

• PRACTICAL

practical affairs . " He had an unusual aspect," says Clarendon, "which ...made men think there was something in him of the extraordinary; and his whole life made See also:

• GOOD, JOHN MASON (1764-1827)

good that See also:

• IMAGINATION

imagination." Besides the See also:

• WORKS

works already mentioned and several printed speeches, Vane wrote: A Brief Answer to a certain Declaration of John Winthrop (reprinted in the Hutchinson Papers, pub!. by the Prince Society, 1865); A Needful Corrective or See also:

• BALANCE (derived through the Fr. from the Late Lat. bilantia, an apparatus for weighing, from bi, two, and lanx, a dish or scale)

Balance in Popular Government ... in answer to arrington's Oceana; Of Love of God and Union with God; two See also:

• TREATISES

treatises, viz . (1) An See also:

• EPISTLE

Epistle See also:

• GENERAL
• GENERAL (Lat. generalis, of or relating to a genus, kind or class)

General to the Mystical See also:

• BODY

Body of See also:

• CHRIST (Gr. X pLQTOS, Anointed)
• CHRIST, WILHELM VON (1831-1906)

Christ on See also:

• EARTH
• EARTH (a word common to Teutonic languages, cf. Ger. Erde, Dutch aarde, Swed. and Dan. jord; outside Teutonic it appears only in the Gr. 'pq'e, on the ground; it has been connected by some etymologists with the Aryan root ar-, to plough, which is seen in
• EARTH, FIGURE OF
• EARTH, FIGURE OF THE

Earth, (2) The See also:

• FACE (from Lat. fades, derived either from facere, to make, or from a root fa-, meaning " appear "; cf. Gr. cbatvstv)

Face of the Times: A See also:

• PILGRIMAGE (Fr. pelerinage, Lat. peregrinatio)

Pilgrimage into the See also:

• LAND

Land of Promise . . . (1664) . The Trial of Sir Henry Vane, See also:

• KNIGHT, CHARLES (1791-1873)
• KNIGHT, DANIEL RIDGWAY (1845– )
• KNIGHT, JOHN BUXTON (1843–1908)

Knight (1662), contains, besides his last speech and details See also:

• RELATING

relating to the trial, The People's Case Stated (reprinted in See also:

• FORSTER, FRANCOIS (179o-,872)
• FORSTER, FRIEDRICH CHRISTOPH (1791-1868)
• FORSTER, JOHANN GEORG ADAM (1754-1794)
• FORSTER, JOHN (1812-1876)
• FORSTER, JOHN COOPER (1823-1886)
• FORSTER, WILLIAM EDWARD (1818-1886)

Forster's Life of Vane), The Valley of See also:

• JEHOSHAPHAT (Heb. " Yahweh judges ")

Jehoshaphat, and Meditations concerning Man's Life . A Letter from a True and Lawful Member of Parliament to one of the Lords of His See also:

• HIGHNESS

Highness's Council (1656), attributed to Vane, was written by Clarendon; and The See also:

• LIGHT

Light Shining out of Darkness was probably by Henry Stubbe; while The Speech against Richard Cromwell is the See also:

• COMPOSITION
• COMPOSITION (Lat. compositio, from componere, to put together)

composition of some contemporary pamphleteer . rary See also:

• MEMOIRS

memoirs and diaries; Hist . See also:

• MSS

MSS .

See also:

• COMM

Comm . MSS. of See also:

• DUKE (corresponding to Fr. duc, Ital. duca, Ger. Herzog)

duke of Tuccleuch, ii. pt. ii . 756; See also:

• MASSON, DAVID (1822–1907)
• MASSON, LOUIS CLAUDE FREDERIC (1847– )

Masson's Life of Milton, iv . 4.42 and passim; the See also:

• SONNET (Ital. Sonetto, dim. of Suono, Fr. Sonnet)

sonnet addressed by Milton to Vane; and W . W . Ire-land, Life of Sir Henry Vane the Younger (1907) . (P . C .