VANNES  , a See also:

• TOWN

town of western See also:

• FRANCE
• FRANCE, ANATOLE (1844– )

France, See also:

• CAPITAL (i.e. capital stock or fund)
• CAPITAL (Lat. caput, head)

capital of the See also:

• DEPARTMENT (Fr. departement, from departir, to separate into parts)

department of See also:

• MORBIHAN

Morbihan, 84 m . N.W. of See also:

• NANTES
• NANTES, EDICT OF

Nantes on the railway to See also:

• BREST

Brest . Pop . (1906), town, 16,728; See also:

• COMMUNE (Med. Lat. communia, Lat. communis, common)
• COMMUNE, MEDIEVAL

commune, 23,561 . It is situated to m. from the open See also:

• SEA (in O. Eng. sae, a common Teutonic word; cf. Ger. See, Dutch Zee, &c.; the ultimate source is uncertain)
• SEA, COMMAND OF THE

sea, at the confluence of two streams forming the Vannes See also:

• RIVER

river, which debouches into the See also:

• LAND

land-locked Gulf of Morbihan about a mile below the town . The narrow, steep and crooked streets of the old town, which See also:

• LIE, JONAS LAURITZ EDEMIL (1833—1908)
• LIE, MARIUS SOPHUS (1842–1899)

lie on a See also:

• HILL
• HILL (0. Eng. hyll; cf. Low Ger. hull, Mid. Dutch hul, allied to Lat. celsus, high, collis, hill, &c.)
• HILL, A
• HILL, AARON (1685-175o)
• HILL, AMBROSE POWELL
• HILL, DANIEL HARVEY (1821-1889)
• HILL, DAVID BENNETT (1843–1910)
• HILL, GEORGE BIRKBECK NORMAN (1835-1903)
• HILL, JAMES J
• HILL, JOHN (c. 1716-1775)
• HILL, MATTHEW DAVENPORT (1792-1872)
• HILL, OCTAVIA (1838– )
• HILL, ROWLAND (1744–1833)
• HILL, SIR ROWLAND (1795-1879)

hill facing the See also:

• SOUTH
• SOUTH, ROBERT (1634–1716)

south, are surrounded by fortifications of the 14th, 15th and 17th centuries, pierced by four See also:

• GATES, HORATIO (1728-1806)

gates and flanked by nine towers and five bastions, connected by battlements . In the See also:

• CONSTABLE (0. Fr. connestable, Fr. connetable, Med. Lat. comestabilis, conestabilis, constabularius, from the Lat. comes stabuli, count of the stable)
• CONSTABLE, ARCHIBALD (1774-1827)
• CONSTABLE, HENRY (1562-1613)
• CONSTABLE, JOHN (1776-1837)
• CONSTABLE, SIR MARMADUKE (c. 1455-1518)

Constable's See also:

• TOWER (Lat. turris; Fr. tour, clocker; Ital. torre; Ger. Thurm)

Tower See also:

• OLIVIER, JUSTE DANIEL (1807-1876)

Olivier de See also:

• CLISSON
• CLISSON, OLIVIER DE (1336-14c7)

Clisson was confined in 1387 . The See also:

• MODERN

modern suburbs, with the See also:

• PORT

port, the public buildings, See also:

• BARRACKS (derived through the French from the Late Lat. barra, a bar)
• BARRACKS, CAMP

barracks, convents, squares and promenades, notably the Garenne and the See also:

• PARK (Fr. part; Ital. parco; Sp. Marque; O.Eng. pearroc; connected with Ger. pferch, fold, and pfarrei, district, translating med. Lat. parochia, parish)
• PARK, EDWARDS AMASA (1808–1900)
• PARK, MUNGO (1771-1806?)

park of the Prefecture, surround the old town . The archaeological museum, the contents of which are mainly the See also:

• FRUIT (through the French from the Lat. fructus; frui, to enjoy)

fruit of excavations at See also:

• CARNAC

Carnac and elsewhere in the vicinity, includes one of the richest collections of prehistoric remains in See also:

• EUROPE

Europe . There are also a museum of natural See also:

• HISTORY

history and a library . The See also:

• CATHEDRAL

cathedral of St See also:

• PETER
• PETER (Lat. Petrus from Gr. irfpos, a rock, Ital. Pietro, Piero, Pier, Fr. Pierre, Span. Pedro, Ger. Peter, Russ. Petr)
• PETER (PEDRO)
• PETER, EPISTLES OF
• PETER, ST

Peter overlooks the old town; burnt by the See also:

• NORMANS

Normans in the loth See also:

• CENTURY (from Lat. centuria, a division of a hundred men)

century, it was rebuilt in the 13th, 15th and 18th centuries . It has remains of a See also:

• CLOISTER (Lat. claustrum; Fr. cloitre; Ital. chiostro; Span. claustro; Ger. Kloster)

cloister and contains the See also:

• RELICS (Lat, reliquiae, the equivalent of the English " remains " in the sense of a dead body)

relics and See also:

• TOMB (Gr. Tuµ/3a, Tuµ(3os, probably allied to Lat. tumulus, literally a swelling, tumere, to swell)

tomb of the See also:

• SPANISH

Spanish Dominican preacher St See also:

• VINCENT (or VINCENTIUS), ST
• VINCENT, GEORGE (1796-1831?)
• VINCENT, MARY ANN (1818-1887)

Vincent See also:

• FERRIER, ARNAUD DU (c. 1508-1585)
• FERRIER, JAMES FREDERICK (1808-1864)
• FERRIER, PAUL (1843– )
• FERRIER, SUSAN EDMONSTONE (1782–1854)

Ferrier, who died at Vannes in 1419 .

The curious See also:

• ROUND (O. Fr. rond, Lat. rotundus, the Fr. is the source also of Du. rond; Ger., Swed., Dan. and Nor. rond)

round Chapelle du See also:

• PARDON (through the Fr. from Late Lat. perdonare, to remit a debt or other obligation on a penalty)

Pardon to the See also:

• LEFT

left of the See also:

• NAVE

nave was built in 1537 in the See also:

• ITALIAN

Italian See also:

• STYLE
• STYLE (from Gr. a-6'1ms, a column; a different word from that used in literature, see below)

style . Some interesting old houses, including that of the presidents of the See also:

• PARLEMENT (see PARLIAMENT)

parlement of See also:

• BRITTANY

Brittany, the See also:

• RICH, BARNABE (c. 1540-1617)
• RICH, CLAUDIUS JAMES (1787-1821)
• RICH, JOHN (1692-1761)
• RICH, PENELOPE, LADY (c. 1562–1607)
• RICH, RICHARD, 1ST BARON RICH (1490?-1567)

rich private collections of M. de Limur, and the See also:

• CHURCH
• CHURCH (according to most authorities derived from the Gr. Kvpcaxov [&wµa], " the Lord's [house]," and common to many Teutonic, Slavonic and other languages under various forms—Scottish kirk, Ger. Kirche, Swed. kirka, Dan. kirke, Russ. tserkov, Buig. cerk
• CHURCH, FREDERICK EDWIN (1826-1900)
• CHURCH, GEORGE EARL (1835–1910)
• CHURCH, RICHARD WILLIAM (1815–189o)
• CHURCH, SIR RICHARD (1784–1873)

church of St Paterne (18th century) are also worthy of mention . There is a See also:

• MONUMENT (Lat. monumentum or monumentum; from monere, to advise, bring to mind, remind; the German equivalent is Denkmal)

monument to Le See also:

• SAGE, RUSSELL (1816-1906)

Sage, See also:

• BORN, IGNAZ, EDLER VON (1742–1791)

born near Vannes . Vannes is the seat of a See also:

• PREFECT (prefet)

prefect, a See also:

• BISHOP (A.S. bisceop, from Lat. episcopus, Gr. irio-Korros, " overlooker " or " overseer ")
• BISHOP, ISABELLA (1832-1904)
• BISHOP, SIR HENRY ROWLEY (1786-1855)

bishop and a See also:

• COURT
• COURT (from the O. Fr. court, Late Lat. cortis, curtis, a popular form of class. Lat. cohors, gen. cohortis; the mod. Fr. form tour is due to the influence of the Lat. curia, the word used in medieval documents to translate " court " in the feudal sense)
• COURT, ANTOINE (1696-176o)

court of assizes, and has tribunals of first instance and of See also:

• COMMERCE
• COMMERCE (Lat. commercium, from, cum, together, and rnerx, merchandise)

commerce and a See also:

• BRANCH (from the Fr. branche, late Lat. branca, an animal's paw)

branch of the See also:

• BANK

Bank of France . A communal See also:

• COLLEGE (Collegium)

college is among the educational institutions . Among the See also:

• INDUSTRIES

industries are See also:

• BUILDING

building, tanning and See also:

• COTTON
• COTTON (Fr. coton; from Arab. qutun)
• COTTON, CHARLES (163o–1687)
• COTTON, GEORGE EDWARD LYNCH (1813–1866)
• COTTON, JOHN (1585–1652)
• COTTON, SIR ROBERT BRUCE

cotton-See also:

• WEAVING

weaving . The port of Vannes, to the south of the town, is formed by the Vannes river and is accessible only to small vessels . Vessels of Boo tons can make the See also:

• HARBOUR (from M.E. hereberge, here, an army; cf. Ger. Heer and -beorg, protection or shelter. Other early forms in English were herberwe and haiborow, as seen in various place names, such as Market Harborough.. The French auberge, an inn, derived through

harbour of Conleau about 21 M. from the town . Vannes (Dariorigum); the capital of the See also:

• VENETI

Veneti (whence Gwened, the See also:

• BRETON, BRITTON
• BRETON, JULES ADOLPHE

Breton name of the town), was at the See also:

• HEAD (in 0. Eng. heafad; the word is common to Teutonic languages; cf. Dutch hoofd, Ger. Haupt, generally taken to be in origin connected with Lat. caput, Gr. KerbOvi7)
• HEAD, SIR EDMUND WALKER, BART
• HEAD, SIR FRANCIS BOND, BART

head of the Armorican See also:

• LEAGUE

league against See also:

• JULIUS

Julius See also:

• CAESAR, GAIUS JULIUS (102—44 B.c.)
• CAESAR, SIR JULIUS (1557-1558-1636)

Caesar, who in 56 n.c. over-came their See also:

• FLEET

fleet and opened up their See also:

• COUNTRY (from the Mid. Eng. contre or contrie, and O. Fr. cuntree; Late Lat. contrata, showing the derivation from contra, opposite, over against, thus the tract of land which fronts the sight, cf. Ger. Gegend, neighbourhood)

country by six roads . St Paternus, the first bishop, was consecrated in 465 . In the 5th century Vannes was ruled for a See also:

• TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
• TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
• TIME, STANDARD

time by See also:

• INDEPENDENT

independent See also:

• COUNTS

counts, but soon came under the yoke of the See also:

• FRANKS
• FRANKS, SIR AUGUSTUS WOLLASTON (1826-1897)

Franks . Nomenoe, the See also:

• LIEUTENANT

lieutenant of See also:

• LOUIS
• LOUIS (804–876)
• LOUIS (893–911)
• LOUIS, JOSEPH DOMINIQUE, BARON (1755-1837)
• LOUIS, or LEWIS (from the Frankish Chlodowich, Chlodwig, Latinized as Chlodowius, Lodhuwicus, Lodhuvicus, whence-in the Strassburg oath of 842-0. Fr. Lodhuwigs, then Chlovis, Loys and later Louis, whence Span. Luiz and—through the Angevin kings—Hungarian

Louis I., the Pious, in Brittany; assumed the See also:

• TITLE (0. Fr. title, mod. titre, from Lat. titulus)

title of See also:

• KING
• KING (O. Eng. cyning, abbreviated into cyng, cing; cf. O. H. G. chun- kuning, chun- kunig, M.H.G. kiinic, kiinec, kiinc, Mod. Ger. Konig, O. Norse konungr, kongr, Swed. konung, kung)
• KING [OF OCKHAM], PETER KING, 1ST BARON (1669-1734)
• KING, CHARLES WILLIAM (1818-1888)
• KING, CLARENCE (1842–1901)
• KING, EDWARD (1612–1637)
• KING, EDWARD (1829–1910)
• KING, HENRY (1591-1669)
• KING, RUFUS (1755–1827)
• KING, THOMAS (1730–1805)
• KING, WILLIAM (1650-1729)
• KING, WILLIAM (1663–1712)

king in 843, and one of his See also:

• BROTHERS, RICHARD (1757-1824)

brothers was the founder of a See also:

• LINE

line of counts who distinguished themselves against the Normans in the 9th and loth centuries .

Vannes became See also:

• PART

part of the duchy of Brittany at the end of the loth century . The estates of Brittany met there for the first time in 1203 to urge See also:

• PHILIP
• PHILIP (Gr.'FiXtrsro , fond of horses, from dn)^eiv, to love, and limos, horse; Lat. Philip pus, whence e.g. M. H. Ger. Philippes, Dutch Filips, and, with dropping of the final s, It. Filippo, Fr. Philippe, Ger. Philipp, Sp. Felipe)
• PHILIP, JOHN (1775-1851)
• PHILIP, KING (c. 1639-1676)
• PHILIP, LANOGRAVE OF HESSE (1504-1567)

Philip See also:

• AUGUSTUS (a name 1 derived from Lat. augeo, increase, i.e. venerable, majestic, Gr. Ee0avr6s)

Augustus to avenge the See also:

• DEATH

death of See also:

• ARTHUR (Fr. Arius)
• ARTHUR, CHESTER ALAN (1830 – 1886)

Arthur of Brittany . In- the course of the See also:

• WAR
• WAR (O. Eng. werre, Fr. guerre, of Teutonic origin; cf. O.H.G. werran, to confound)

War of See also:

• SUCCESSION (Lat. successio, from succedere, to follow after)

Succession the town was besieged four times in 1342 . See also:

• DUKE (corresponding to Fr. duc, Ital. duca, Ger. Herzog)

Duke See also:

• JOHN
• JOHN (1167–1216)
• JOHN (1290-c. 1320)
• JOHN (1296-1346)
• JOHN (1371–1419)
• JOHN (1468-1532)
• JOHN (1801-1873)
• JOHN (Heb. llni')
• JOHN (ZAPOLYA) (1487-1540)
• JOHN, 4TH MARQUESS OF TWEEDDALE (c. 1695-1762)
• JOHN, DON (1545-1578)
• JOHN, DON (1629–1679)
• JOHN, GOSPEL OF ST
• JOHN, or HAYS (1513–1571)
• JOHN, THE APOSTLE
• JOHN, THE EPISTLES OF

John IV. built here the See also:

• CASTLE
• CASTLE (Lat. castellum, a fort, diminutive of castra, a camp; Fr. chateau and chdtel)

castle of L'Hermine and made it his habitual See also:

• RESIDENCE (Latin residere, to remain behind, to dwell, reside)

residence . In 1487 the town was for a See also:

• YEAR

year in the hands of See also:

• CHARLES
• CHARLES (1270-1325)
• CHARLES (1421-1461)
• CHARLES (1525-1574)
• CHARLES (c. 1319-1364)
• CHARLES (Fr. Charles; Span. Carlos; Ital. Carlo; Ger. Karl; derived from O.H.G. Charal,latinized as Carolus, meaning originally " man ": cf. Mod.Ger., Kerl," fellow," A.S. ceorl, Mod. Eng. " churl ")
• CHARLES (KARL EITEL ZEPHYRIN LUDWIG; in Rum. CAROL)
• CHARLES [KARL ALEXANDER] (1712-1780)
• CHARLES, ELIZABETH (1828-1896)
• CHARLES, JACQUES ALEXANDRE CESAR (1746-1823)
• CHARLES, THOMAS (1755-1814)

Charles VIII. of France . In 1532 Brittany was definitively See also:

• UNITED

united to France . The estates met at Vannes several times in the 17th and 18th centuries . During the Revolution this town was the See also:

• SCENE (Fr. scene, Lat. scaena, Gr. oflvil, a tent or booth, a stage or scene)

scene of the See also:

• EXECUTION (from Lat. ex-sequor, exsecutus, follow or carry out)

execution in 1795 of some of the prisoners after the royalist disaster at See also:

• QUIBERON, CAMPAIGN AND BATTLE OF

Quiberon .