See also:

• VARTHEMA (BARTHEMA, VERTOMANNUS, &C.), LUDOVICO DI

VARTHEMA (BARTHEMA, VERTOMANNUS, &C.), LUDOVICO DI  , of See also:

• BOLOGNA
• BOLOGNA, GIOVANNI DA (1524–1608)

Bologna (fl . 1502–1510), See also:

• ITALIAN

Italian traveller and writer . He was perhaps a soldier before beginning his distant journeys, which he undertook apparently from a See also:

• PASSION (post-classical Lat. passio, formed from pati, passus, to suffer, endure)

passion for See also:

• ADVENTURE (from Lat. res adventura, a thing about to happen)

adventure, novelty and the fame which (then especially) attended successful exploration . He See also:

• LEFT

left See also:

• EUROPE

Europe near the end of 1502; See also:

• EARLY
• EARLY, JUBAL ANDERSON (1816-1894)

early in 1503 he reached See also:

• ALEXANDRIA
• ALEXANDRIA (Arab. Iskenderia)

Alexandria and ascended the See also:

• NILE
• NILE, BATTLE OF THE
• NILE, SOBAT

Nile to See also:

• CAIRO
• CAIRO (Arabic Misr-al-Kahira, or simply Misr)

Cairo . From See also:

• EGYPT

Egypt he sailed to See also:

• BEIRUT

Beirut and thence travelled to See also:

• TRIPOLI
• TRIPOLI (Tarabulus el-Gharb, i.e. Tripoli of the West)
• TRIPOLI, or TARABULUS (anc. Tripolis)

Tripoli, See also:

• ALEPPO (native Haleb)

Aleppo and See also:

• DAMASCUS

Damascus, where he managed to get himself enrolled, under the name of Yunas (See also:

• JONAH
• JONAH, RABBI (ABULWALID MERWAN IBN JANAH, also R. MARINUS) (c. 996-c. 1050)

Jonah), in the See also:

• MAMELUKE (anglicized through the French, from the Arabic mantluk, a slave)

Mameluke See also:

• GARRISON
• GARRISON, WILLIAM LLOYD (1805-1879)

garrison—doubtless after adopting See also:

• ISLAM

Islam . From Damascus he made the See also:

• PILGRIMAGE (Fr. pelerinage, Lat. peregrinatio)

pilgrimage to See also:

• MECCA (Arab. Makkah)

Mecca and See also:

• MEDINA
• MEDINA, JOSE TORIBIO (1852- )

Medina as one of the Mameluke escort of the See also:

• HAJJ

Hajj See also:

• CARAVAN (more correctly Karwan)

caravan (See also:

• APRIL

April–See also:

• JUNE

June 1503); he describes the sacred cities of Islam and the See also:

• CHIEF (from Fr. chef, head, Lat. caput)

chief See also:

• PILGRIM

pilgrim sites and ceremonies with remarkable accuracy, almost all his details being confirmed by later writers . With the view of reaching See also:

• INDIA
• INDIA, FRENCH

India, he embarked at See also:

• JIDDA (also written JEDDAH, DJIDDAH, DJEDDEH)

Jidda, the See also:

• PORT

port of Mecca, and sailed down the Red See also:

• SEA (in O. Eng. sae, a common Teutonic word; cf. Ger. See, Dutch Zee, &c.; the ultimate source is uncertain)
• SEA, COMMAND OF THE

Sea and through the Straits of Bab-el-Mandeb to See also:

• ADEN

Aden, where he was arrested and imprisoned as a See also:

• CHRISTIAN
• CHRISTIAN, WILLIAM (1608-1663)

Christian See also:

• SPY
• SPY (from " to spy " or " espy"; 0. Fr. espie, espier, to spy, watch; cf. Ger. spdhen, Lat. specere, to look; the Fr. term " espionage "is of course from the same source)

spy . He gained his See also:

• LIBERTY (Lat. libertas, from liber, free)

liberty—after imprisonment both at Aden and Radaa—through the partiality of one of the sultanas of See also:

• YEMEN (Yaman)

Yemen, made an extensive tour in See also:

• SOUTH
• SOUTH, ROBERT (1634–1716)

south-See also:

• WEST
• WEST, BENJAMIN (1738-1820)
• WEST, NICHOLAS (1461-1533)

west See also:

• ARABIA

Arabia (visiting See also:

• SANA (Send'a)

Sana, &c.), and took See also:

• SHIP

ship at Aden for the See also:

• PERSIAN
• PERSIAN, SYRIAN, EGYPTIAN AND TURKISH

Persian Gulf and India . On the way he touched at See also:

• ZAILA

Zaila 925 See also:

• VARTHEMA (BARTHEMA, VERTOMANNUS, &C.), LUDOVICO DI

Varthema's See also:

• WORK

work (Itinerario de Ludouico de Varthema Bolognese was first published in Italian at See also:

• ROME
• ROME (Roma)

Rome in 1510 (ad instatia de Lodouico de Henricis da Corneto Vicetino) . Other Italian See also:

• EDITIONS

editions appeared at Rome, 1517, at See also:

• VENICE
• VENICE (continued)
• VENICE (Venezia)

Venice, 1518, 1535, 1563, 1589, &c., at See also:

• MILAN
• MILAN (Ital. Milano, Ger. Mailand, anc. Mediolanum, q.v.)

Milan, 1519, 1523, 1525, &c . Latin See also:

• TRANSLATIONS

translations appeared at Milan, 1511 (by Archangelus Madrignanus) ; and at See also:

• NUREMBERG (Ger. Nurnberg)

Nuremberg, 1610 (See also:

• FRANKFORT

Frankfort, 1611) ; as well as in the Novus Orbis of See also:

• SIMON, ABRAHAM (1622-1692)
• SIMON, JULES FRANCOIS (1814–1896)
• SIMON, RICHARD (1638–1712)
• SIMON, SIR JOHN (1816–1904)
• SIMON, THOMAS (c. 1623-1665)

Simon See also:

• GRYNAEUS (or. GRYNER), JOHANN JAKOB (1540-1617)
• GRYNAEUS, SIMON (1493-1541)

Grynaeus (See also:

• BASEL (Fr. Bale)
• BASEL (Fr. Belle, but Basle is a wholly erroneous form; Ital. Basilea)
• BASEL, CONFESSION OF
• BASEL, COUNCIL OF

Basel, 1532) . See also:

• GERMAN
• GERMAN, DUTCH AND SCANDINAVIAN

German versions came out at See also:

• AUGSBURG
• AUGSBURG, CONFESSION OF
• AUGSBURG, WAR OF THE LEAGUE OF

Augsburg, 1515 (See also:

• STRASSBURG, or STRASBURG (French Strasbourg)

Strassburg, 1516) ; at Strassburg, by See also:

• MICHAEL
• MICHAEL (1596-1645)
• MICHAEL (Hebrew Sn,q, " Who is like God? ")

Michael Herr, in his New Welt, from Grynaeus, 1534; at See also:

• LEIPZIG

Leipzig, by Hieronymus Megiserus, 1610 (and 1615), &c .

A See also:

• SPANISH

Spanish See also:

• TRANSLATION

translation was issued at See also:

• SEVILLE
• SEVILLE (Span. Sevilla, Lat. Ispalis or Hispalis, Moorish Ishbiliya)

Seville, 1520 (from the Latin), and a See also:

• FRENCH
• FRENCH, DANIEL CHESTER (1850– )
• FRENCH, NICHOLAS (1604-1678)

French at See also:

• LYONS
• LYONS (Fr. Lyon)
• LYONS, COUNCILS OF
• LYONS, EDMUND LYONS, BARON (1790-1858)
• LYONS, RICHARD BICKERTON PEMELL LYONS, 1ST EARL (1817–1887)

Lyons, 1556 . Dutch versions were printed at See also:

• ANTWERP
• ANTWERP (Fr. Anvers)

Antwerp, 1563 (from Grynaeus), at See also:

• UTRECHT
• UTRECHT, TREATY OF

Utrecht, 1615 (from the Leipzig German of 161o), and again at Utrecht, 1655 . The first See also:

• ENGLISH

English translation was of 1576–1577 (in See also:

• RICHARD
• RICHARD (d. 1184)
• RICHARD, FRANCOIS MARIE BENJAMIN (18,9-1908)
• RICHARD, HENRY (1812-1888)
• RICHARD, ST

Richard See also:

• EDEN
• EDEN, SIR ASHLEY (1831-1887)

Eden's See also:

• HISTORY

History of Travayle); an See also:

• EXTRACT (from Lat. extrahere, to draw out)

extract from Varthema was inserted in See also:

• SAMUEL

Samuel See also:

• PURCHAS, SAMUEL (1575?-1626)

Purchas's Pilgrimage (See also:

• LONDON

London, 1625–1626) ; and in 1863 appeared the See also:

• HAKLUYT, RICHARD (c. 1553—1616)

Hakluyt Society edition by J . W . See also:

• JONES
• JONES, ALFRED GILPIN (1824-1906)
• JONES, EBENEZER (182o-186o)
• JONES, ERNEST CHARLES (1819-1869)
• JONES, HENRY (1831-1899)
• JONES, HENRY ARTHUR (1851- )
• JONES, INIGO (1573-1651)
• JONES, JOHN (c. 1800-1882)
• JONES, MICHAEL (d. 1649)
• JONES, OWEN (1741-1814)
• JONES, OWEN (1809-1874)
• JONES, RICHARD (179o-1855)
• JONES, SIR ALFRED LEWIS (1845-1909)
• JONES, SIR WILLIAM (1746-1794)
• JONES, THOMAS RUPERT (1819– )
• JONES, WILLIAM (1726-1800)

Jones and G . P . See also:

• BADGER

Badger (Travels of Ludovico di Varthema, London) . (C . R .