See also:

• VEGETIUS (FLAvjUS VEGETIUS RENATUS)

VEGETIUS (FLAvjUS VEGETIUS RENATUS)  , a celebrated military writer of the 4th See also:

• CENTURY (from Lat. centuria, a division of a hundred men)

century . Nothing is known of his See also:

• LIFE

life, station and military experience, See also:

• SAVE, or SAVA (Ger. Sau; Hungarian Szdva; Lat. Savus)

save that in See also:

• MSS

MSS. he is called vir illustris and also comes . His See also:

• TREATISE

treatise, Epitoma rei militeris, sive institutorum :rei militaris libri quinque, was dedicated to the reigning See also:

• EMPEROR (Fr. empereur, from the Lat. imperator)

emperor ( ? See also:

• THEODOSIUS

Theodosius the See also:

• GREAT

Great) . His See also:

• SOURCES

sources, according to his own statement, were See also:

• CATO, DIONYSIUS
• CATO, MARCUS PORCIUS (234—149 B.c.)
• CATO, MARCUS PORCIUS (95-46 B.c.)
• CATO, PUBLIUS VALERIUS

Cato, See also:

• CORNELIUS
• CORNELIUS, CARL AUGUST PETER (1824-1874)
• CORNELIUS, PETER VON (1784–1867)

Cornelius See also:

• CELSUS (c. A.D. 178)

Celsus, See also:

• FRONTINUS, SEXTUS JULIUS (c. A.D. 40-103)

Frontinus, Paternus and the imperial constitutions of See also:

• AUGUSTUS (a name 1 derived from Lat. augeo, increase, i.e. venerable, majestic, Gr. Ee0avr6s)

Augustus, See also:

• TRAJAN [MARCUS ULPIUS TRAJANUS] (A. D. 53-117)

Trajan and See also:

• HADRIAN (PUBLICS AELIUS HADRIANUS)

Hadrian . The See also:

• BOOK

book, which is a See also:

• CON

con-fused and unscientific compilation, has to be used with great caution, but is none the less invaluable to the student of the See also:

• ANCIENT
• ANCIENT (also spelt ANTIENT; derived, through the Fr. ancien, old, from the late Lat. antianum, from ante, before)

ancient See also:

• ART

art of See also:

• WAR
• WAR (O. Eng. werre, Fr. guerre, of Teutonic origin; cf. O.H.G. werran, to confound)

war . The first book is a plea for See also:

• ARMY
• ARMY (from Fr. armee, Lat. armata)

army reform, and vividly portrays the military decadence of the See also:

• EMPIRE

empire . The third contains a See also:

• SERIES (a Latin word from serere, to join)

series of military See also:

• MAXIMS, LEGAL

maxims which were (rightly enough, considering the similarity in the military conditions of the two ages) the See also:

• FOUNDATION (Lat. fundatio, from fundare, to found)

foundation of military learning• for every See also:

• EUROPEAN

European See also:

• COMMANDER

commander, from See also:

• WILLIAM
• WILLIAM (1143-1214)
• WILLIAM (1227-1256)
• WILLIAM (1J33-1584)
• WILLIAM (A.S. Wilhelm, O. Norse Vilhidlmr; O. H. Ger. Willahelm, Willahalm, M. H. Ger. Willehelm, Willehalm, Mod.Ger. Wilhelm; Du. Willem; O. Fr. Villalme, Mod. Fr. Guillaume; from " will," Goth. vilja, and " helm," Goth. hilms, Old Norse hidlmr, meaning
• WILLIAM (c. 1130-C. 1190)
• WILLIAM, 13TH

William the Silent to See also:

• FREDERICK
• FREDERICK (Mod. Ger. Friedrich; Ital. Federigo; Fr. Frederic and Federic; M.H.G. Friderich; O.H.G. Fridurih, " king or lord of peace," from O.H.G. fridu, A.S. frith, " peace," and rfh " rich," " a ruler," for derivation of which see HENRY)

Frederick the Great . When the See also:

• FRENCH
• FRENCH, DANIEL CHESTER (1850– )
• FRENCH, NICHOLAS (1604-1678)

French Revolution and the " nation in arms" came into See also:

• HISTORY

history, we hear little more of See also:

• VEGETIUS (FLAvjUS VEGETIUS RENATUS)

Vegetius . Some of the maxims may be mentioned here as illustrating the principles of a war for limited See also:

• POLITICAL

political See also:

• OBJECTS

objects (see Aiusy) with which he deals . All that is advantageous to the enemy is disadvantageous; to you, and all that is useful to you, See also:

• DAMAGES (through O. Fr. damage, mod. Fr. dommage, from Lat. damnum, loss)

damages the enemy "; " No See also:

• MAN
• MAN, ISLE OF (anc. Mona)

man is to be employed in the See also:

• FIELD (a word common to many West German languages, cf. Ger. Feld, Dutch veld, possibly cognate with O.E. f olde, the earth, and ultimately with root of the Gr. irAaror, broad)
• FIELD, CYRUS WEST (1819-1892)
• FIELD, DAVID DUDLEY (18o5-1894)
• FIELD, EUGENE (1850-1895)
• FIELD, FREDERICK (18o1—1885)
• FIELD, HENRY MARTYN (1822-1907)
• FIELD, JOHN (1782—1837)
• FIELD, MARSHALL (183 1906)
• FIELD, NATHAN (1587—1633)
• FIELD, STEPHEN JOHNSON (1816-1899)
• FIELD, WILLIAM VENTRIS FIELD, BARON (1813-1907)

field who is not trained and tested in discipline "; It is better to See also:

• BEAT (a word common in various forms to the Teutonic languages; it is connected with the similar Romanic words derived from the Late Lat. battere)

beat the enemy through want, surprises and care for difficult places (i.e. through manoeuvre) than by a See also:

• BATTLE

battle in the open field "--maxims that have guided the leaders of professional armies in all countries and at all times, as See also:

• WITNESS
• WITNESS (from O. Eng. witan, to know)

witness the See also:

• CHINESE, JAPANESE AND

Chinese generals See also:

• SUN
• SUN (0. Eng. sonne, Ger. sonne. Fr. soleil, Lat. sol, Gr. ijXior, from which comes helio- in various English compounds)

Sun and Wu (see E . F .

Calthrop, The Book of War, See also:

• LONDON

London, 1908) . His " seven normal dispositions for battle," once in See also:

• HONOUR (Lat. honos or lwnor, honoris; in English the word was spelled with or without the u indifferently until the 17th century, but during the 18th century it became fashion-able to spell the word " honor "; Johnson's and Webster's Dictionaries stereoty

honour amongst European students of the art of war, are equally ludicrous if applied to See also:

• PRESENT

present-See also:

• DAY (O. Eng. dreg, Ger. Tag; according to the New English Dictionary, " in no way related to the Lat. dies")
• DAY, JOHN (1574-1640?)
• DAY, THOMAS (1748-1789)

day conditions . His book on siegecraft is important as containing the best description of See also:

• LATE

late. empire and See also:

• MEDIEVAL

medieval See also:

• SIEGE (0. Fr. sege, siege, mod. siege, seat, ultimately from sedere, to sit, cf. Class. Lat. obsidium, a siege)

siege matters, &c., and from it amongst other things we learn details of the siege See also:

• ENGINE
• ENGINE (Lat. ingenium)

engine called onager, which afterwards played a great See also:

• PART

part in sieges . • The fifth book is an See also:

• ACCOUNT
• ACCOUNT (through O. Fr. acont, Late Lat. comptum, cornputare, to calculate)

account of the material and personnel, of the See also:

• ROMAN

Roman See also:

• NAVY

navy . In See also:

• MANUSCRIPT

manuscript, Vegetius's See also:

• WORK

work had a great See also:

• VOGUE, EUGENE MELCHIOR, COMTE DE (1848- )

vogue from the first, and its rules of siegecraft were much studied in the See also:

• MIDDLE

middle ages . It was translated into See also:

• ENGLISH

English, French and even Bulgarian before the invention of See also:

• PRINTING (from Lat. imprimere, O. Fr. empreindre)

printing . The first printed See also:

• EDITIONS

editions are assigned to See also:

• UTRECHT
• UTRECHT, TREATY OF

Utrecht (1473), See also:

• COLOGNE (Ger. Koln, or officially, since 1900, Coln)

Cologne (1476), See also:

• PARIS
• PARIS (also called ALEXANDROS)
• PARIS, ALEXIS PAULIN (1800-x881)
• PARIS, BRUNO PAULIN GASTON (1839-1903)
• PARIS, FRANCOIS DE (169o-1727)
• PARIS, LOUIS PHILIPPE ALBERT
• PARIS, TREATIES OF (1814-1815)

Paris (1478), See also:

• ROME
• ROME (Roma)

Rome (in Ve4eres dere mil. scriptures, 1487), and See also:

• PISA
• PISA, COUNCIL OF (1409)

Pisa (1488) . A See also:

• GERMAN
• GERMAN, DUTCH AND SCANDINAVIAN

German See also:

• TRANSLATION

translation by See also:

• LUDWIG, KARL FRIEDRICH WILHELM (1816—1895)
• LUDWIG, OTTO (1813-1865)

Ludwig Hohenwang appeared at See also:

• ULM

Ulm in 1475 . Vegetius's position as the premier military critic was thenceforward assured . As late. as the 18th century we find so eminent a soldier as See also:

• MARSHAL (med. Lat. marescalcus, from O.H.Ger. marah, horse, and scalc, servant)

Marshal Puysegur basing his own See also:

• WORKS

works on this acknowledged. See also:

• MODEL (0. Fr. modelle, mod. modele; It. modello, pattern, mould; from Lat. modus, measure, standard)

model, and the famous See also:

• PRINCE
• PRINCE (Lat. princeps, from primus capio, " I am the first to take "; Ital. principe, Fr. prince)

Prince de Ligne wrote " C'est un livre:d'or." The fullest and most important See also:

• MODERN

modern edition is that of Karl See also:

• LANG, ANDREW (1844— )
• LANG, KARL HEINRICH, RITTER VON (1764-1835)

Lang (See also:

• LEIPZIG

Leipzig, 1869) . An English version through the French was published by See also:

• CAXTON, WILLIAM (c. 1422-1491)

Caxton in 1489 . For a detailed See also:

• CRITICAL (in alphabetical order of authors)

critical estimate of Vegetius's works and See also:

• INFLUENCE (Late Lat. influentia, from influere, to flow in)

influence see Max Jahns, Gesch. der Kriegswissenschaften, i .

109-125 .