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VERE , the See also: family of which is extolled by Macaulay as " the longest and most illustrious See also: line of nobles that See also: England has seen," appears to have derived the surname which the verse of See also: Tennyson has made synonymous with See also: ancient See also: blood, from the little See also: village of Ver near See also: Bayeux
.
Its founder, See also: Aubrey (Albericus) de Vere, appears in Domesday See also: Book (1(386) as the holder of a See also: great See also: fief in See also: Essex, See also: Cambridgeshire and See also: Suffolk
.
His son (or See also: grandson) and namesake was a trusted officer of See also: Henry I., from whom he received the hereditary office of great
See also: chamberlain in 1133
.
It was probably he who erected the
See also: noble tower which gave name to See also: Castle Hedingham, Essex, the See also: head of his fief, and which stands as the finest example of a private Norman keep
.
Slain in 1141, he was succeeded by his son Aubrey, who had already become count of Gulnes, in right of his wife, on her
grandfather's See also: death
.
Through the powerful influence of his See also: sister's See also: husband, Geoffrey, See also: earl of Essex, he obtained from the empress Matilda, in 1142, the earldom of See also: Oxford, which was afterwards confirmed to his See also: house by Henry II
.
His younger son, Robert (c
.
1170-1221), became 3rd earl in 1214, and, siding with the barons, became one of the twenty-five executors of Magna Carta
.
His See also: marriage with a Bolebec heiress brought in what was afterwards claimed as a See also: barony, and led to the See also: style of Viscount Bolebec (or Bulbeck) for the earl's heirs
.
Robert, the 5th earl (1240-1296), who brought into his family the chamberlainship to the See also: queen by his marriage with the See also: Sandford heiress, sided with See also: Simon de Montfort, and lost for a See also: time his earldom and offices
.
See also: John, the 7th earl (1313-1360), was a distinguished soldier, fighting at
See also: Crecy and See also: Poitiers and in all See also: Edward III.'s See also: wars in his time; and his marriage with a Badlesmere heiress added to the lands and titles of his house
.
His son, See also: Thomas (1337-1371), also a soldier, was
See also: father of Robert, 9th earl, the famous favourite of See also: Richard II
.
In spite of his attainder (1388), hisSee also: uncle Aubrey (c
.
1340-1400), a follower of the Black See also: Prince, was restored to the earldom, by consent of parliament in 1393, but not to the great chamberlainship
.
As the earldom (which had been held in See also: fee) was granted to him in tail male, this is looked on by some as a new creation
.
His elder son, Richard (d
.
1417), the next earl, held a command at See also: Agincourt, and was father of Earl John, who was beheaded as a Lancastrian, with his eldest son, in 1462
.
Their death was avenged by his younger son John, the 13th earl (1443-1513), who shared to the full in the See also: triumph of the Red See also: Rose
.
On the death of his See also: nephew John, the next earl (d
.
1526), the baronies (it was afterwards held) passed away to his sisters, but the earldom descended to his See also: cousin John (d
.
1540), though the See also: crown resumed the great chamberlainship
.
This John, who was in favour with Henry VIII., was grandfather, through his younger son Geoffrey, of the celebrated " fighting Veres," See also: Sir See also: Francis and his See also: brother Sir Horace
.
His eldest son John, 16th earl (c
.
1512-1562), was in favour with Edward VI., Mary and See also: Elizabeth, and contrived to recover for his family the office of great chamberlain
.
Hitherto the earls, in spite of their vicissitudes, had retained possession of their ancient seat and great estates; but Edward, the son of Earl John, was a spendthrift . A brilliant, gifted courtier, in whom Elizabeth delighted, he quarrelled with his father-in-See also: law, Burghley, " sent his patrimony flying," patronized players, poets and musicians, and wrote excellent verse himself
.
His son Henry, the 18th earl (1593-1625), was twice imprisoned in the Tower as an opponent of See also: Buckingham's policy, fought in the See also: Palatinate and the Low Countries and died on See also: campaign at the Hague in 1625
.
Then ensued the great dispute for the See also: inheritance of his title and office (Hedingham Castle having passed away) between Robert Vere, his second cousin and heir-male, and Robert, See also: Lord See also: Willoughby d'Eresby, son of his aunt, Lady Mary Vere
.
The earldom was secured by the former, a poor officer in See also: Holland, but the office was adjudged to Lord Willoughby, in whose descendants it is now vested
.
Earl Robert was slain before Maestricht in 1632, leaving an only son, Aubrey (1626-1703), 20th and last earl
.
His marriage with a Bayning heiress restored the fortunes of his house, and his Royalist intrigues under the
See also: Commonwealth were rewarded at the Restoration by sundry favours, among them the command of a regiment of See also: horse, known from him as " the Oxford Blues " and still See also: familiar as " the Blues " (Royal Horse See also: Guards)
.
See also: James II. deprived him of his regiment and his lieutenancy of Essex for opposing his policy, but the prince of Orange, whom he joined, restored them
.
His long tenure of the ancient earldom ended in 1703, when he died, the last known male descendant of the house of Vere
.
His daughter
See also: Diana having married the 1st duke of St Albans, their descendants are named De Vere Beauclerk, and received the barony of Vere (1705)
.
The See also: halo surrounding the name of Vere is seen as early as 1626 in the stately See also: panegyric of Chief See also: Justice See also: Crewe
.
" I suppose there is no See also: man that hath any apprehension of gentry, or nobleness, but his affection stands to the continuance of sonoble a name and house." In the great days of the house, Earl John, says Stowe, rode into See also: London city " with eighty gentlemen in a See also: livery of See also: Reading tawney, and chains of gold about their necks, before him, and one See also: hundred tall yeomen in the like livery to follow him," wearing the famous badge of the blue boar (See also: verres), which is still to be seen in Essex churches and forming the sign of Essex inns
.
Another badge of the Veres was the See also: mullet in the first quarter of their See also: shield, which, at See also: Barnet See also: Field, by a fatal error, was taken for the
See also: sun of See also: York
.
Among the offices they held were the forestership of Essex and the keepership of Colchester Castle, and they founded the Essex religious houses of See also: Hatfield Broadoak, Hedingham and Earls See also: Colne
.
AuTHoRITIEs.—Domesday Book; See also: Abingdon Chron. and Red Book of the See also: Exchequer (Rolls Series) ; See also: Pipe See also: Roll of 1 130 (Record Commission); See also: Dugdale's Baronage; G
.
E
.
C(okayne)'s See also: Complete See also: Peerage; See also: Doyle's Official Baronage; See also: Collins's See also: Historical Precedents; Morant's See also: History of Essex; Round's Geoffrey de Mandeville and Feudal England; See also: Nichols's " Descent of the Earldom of Oxford " (See also: Arch
.
Journ. vol. ix.) ; Vere papers among the Round See also: MSS. in App. ix. to 24th Report on Historical MSS
.
; Lord' Reports on the Dignity of a Peer; See also: Palmer's Peerage Law in England
.
The claim-ants' cases and the appendices of documents in the contest for the great chamberlainship (1902) are valuable for the history of the Veres
.
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