PIETRO MARTIRE See also:

• PIETRO MARTIRE VERMIGLI

VERMIGLI  , generally known as See also:

• PETER
• PETER (Lat. Petrus from Gr. irfpos, a rock, Ital. Pietro, Piero, Pier, Fr. Pierre, Span. Pedro, Ger. Peter, Russ. Petr)
• PETER (PEDRO)
• PETER, EPISTLES OF
• PETER, ST

PETER See also:

• MARTYR (Gr. pimp or µaprvs)

MARTYR (1500-1562), See also:

• BORN, IGNAZ, EDLER VON (1742–1791)

born at See also:

• FLORENCE
• FLORENCE (Ital. Firenze, Lat. Florentia)

Florence on the 8th of May 1500, was son of Stefano See also:

• VERMIGLI, PIETRO MARTIRE

Vermigli, a follower of See also:

• SAVONAROLA, GIROLAMO (1452-1498)

Savonarola, by his first wife, Maria Fumantina . He owed his See also:

• CHRISTIAN
• CHRISTIAN, WILLIAM (1608-1663)

Christian names to a See also:

• VOW (Lat. votum, vow, promise: cf. VOTE)

vow which his See also:

• FATHER

father, actuated by the See also:

• DEATH

death of several See also:

• CHILDREN, LAW RELATING TO

children in See also:

• INFANCY

infancy, had made to dedicate any that survived to the Dominican See also:

• SAINT (lat. sanctus, " holy ")

saint, Peter Martyr, who lived in the 13th See also:

• CENTURY (from Lat. centuria, a division of a hundred men)

century . Educated in the Augustinian See also:

• CLOISTER (Lat. claustrum; Fr. cloitre; Ital. chiostro; Span. claustro; Ger. Kloster)

cloister at See also:

• FIESOLE (anc. Faesulae, q.v.)

Fiesole, he was transferred in 1519 to the See also:

• CONVENT (Lat. conventus, from convenire, to come together)

convent of St See also:

• JOHN
• JOHN (1167–1216)
• JOHN (1290-c. 1320)
• JOHN (1296-1346)
• JOHN (1371–1419)
• JOHN (1468-1532)
• JOHN (1801-1873)
• JOHN (Heb. llni')
• JOHN (ZAPOLYA) (1487-1540)
• JOHN, 4TH MARQUESS OF TWEEDDALE (c. 1695-1762)
• JOHN, DON (1545-1578)
• JOHN, DON (1629–1679)
• JOHN, GOSPEL OF ST
• JOHN, or HAYS (1513–1571)
• JOHN, THE APOSTLE
• JOHN, THE EPISTLES OF

John of Verdara near See also:

• PADUA (Lat. Patavium ; Ital. Padova)

Padua, where he graduated D.D. about 1527 and made the acquaintance of the future See also:

• CARDINAL (Lat. cardinalis)

Cardinal See also:

• POLE (FAMILY)
• POLE, REGINALD (1500-1558)
• POLE, RICHARD DE LA (d. 1525)
• POLE, WILLIAM (1814—1900)

Pole . From that See also:

• YEAR

year onwards he was employed as a public preacher at See also:

• BRESCIA
• BRESCIA (anc. Brixia)

Brescia, See also:

• PISA
• PISA, COUNCIL OF (1409)

Pisa, See also:

• VENICE
• VENICE (continued)
• VENICE (Venezia)

Venice and See also:

• ROME
• ROME (Roma)

Rome; and in his intervals of leisure he mastered See also:

• GREEK
• GREEK, ETRUSCAN AND

Greek and See also:

• HEBREW

Hebrew . In 1530 he was elected See also:

• ABBOT (from the Hebrew ab, a father, through the Syriac abba, Lat. abbas, gen. abbatis, O.E. abbad, fr. late Lat. form abbad-em changed in 13th century under influence of the Lat. form to abbat, used alternatively till the end of the 17th century; Ger. Ab
• ABBOT, EZRA (1819-1884)
• ABBOT, GEORGE (1603-1648)
• ABBOT, ROBERT (1588?–1662?)
• ABBOT, WILLIAM (1798-1843)

abbot of the Augustinian monastery at See also:

• SPOLETO (anc. Spoletium)

Spoleto, and in 1533 See also:

• PRIOR (from Lat. prior—former, and hence superior, through O. Fr. priour)
• PRIOR, MATTHEW (1664-1721)

prior of the convent of St Peter ad Awam at See also:

• NAPLES
• NAPLES (Ital. Napoli, and Lat. Neapolis)
• NAPLES, KINGDOM OF

Naples . About this See also:

• TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
• TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
• TIME, STANDARD

time he read See also:

• BUCER (or BuTZER), MARTIN (1491-1551)

Bucer's commentaries on the Gospels and the See also:

• PSALMS, BOOK
• PSALMS, BOOK OF, or PSALTER

Psalms and also See also:

• ZWINGLI, HULDREICH (1484—1531)

Zwingli's De See also:

• VERA, AUGUSTO (1813-1885)

vera et falsa religione; and his Biblical studies began to affect his views . He was accused of erroneous See also:

• DOCTRINE

doctrine, and the See also:

• SPANISH

Spanish See also:

• VICEROY (from O. Fr. viceroy, mod. viceroi, i.e. Lat. vice, in place of, and roy or roi, king)

viceroy of Naples prohibited his See also:

• PREACHING (Fr. preecher, from Lat. praedicare, to proclaim)

preaching . The See also:

• PROHIBITION (Lat. prohibere, to prevent)

prohibition was removed on See also:

• APPEAL

appeal to Rome, but in 1541 Vermigli was transferred to See also:

• LUCCA (anc. Luca)
• LUCCA, BAGNI DI (Baths of Lucca, formerly Bagno a Corsena)

Lucca, where he again See also:

• FELL
• FELL, JOHN (1625-1686)

fell under suspicion . Summoned to appear before a See also:

• CHAPTER (a shortened form of chapiter, a word still used in architecture for a capital; derived from O. Fr. chapitre, Lat. capitellum, diminutive of caput, head)

chapter of his See also:

• ORDER
• ORDER (through Fr. ordre, for earlier ordene, from Lat. ordo, ordinis, rank, service, arrangement; the ultimate source is generally taken to be the root seen in Lat. oriri, rise, arise, begin; cf. " origin ")
• ORDER, HOLY

order at See also:

• GENOA (anc. Genua, Ital. Genova, Fr. GPnes)

Genoa, he fled in 1542 to Pisa and thence to another See also:

• ITALIAN

Italian reformer, Bernardino See also:

• OCHINO, BERNARDINO (1487-1564)

Ochino, at Florence . Ochino escaped to See also:

• GENEVA
• GENEVA (Fr. Geneve, Ger. Genf, Ital. Ginevra, Late Lat. Gebenna, though Genava in good Latin)
• GENEVA, LAKE OF

Geneva, and Vermigli to See also:

• ZURICH
• ZURICH (Fr. Zurich; Ital. Zurigo)

Zurich, thence to See also:

• BASEL (Fr. Bale)
• BASEL (Fr. Belle, but Basle is a wholly erroneous form; Ital. Basilea)
• BASEL, CONFESSION OF
• BASEL, COUNCIL OF

Basel, and finally to See also:

• STRASSBURG, or STRASBURG (French Strasbourg)

Strassburg, where, with Bucer's support, he was appointed See also:

• PROFESSOR (the Latin noun formed from the verb profiteri, to declare publicly, to acknowledge, profess)

professor of See also:

• THEOLOGY

theology and married his first wife, See also:

• CATHERINE
• CATHERINE, SAINT

Catherine See also:

• DAMMARTIN

Dammartin of See also:

• METZ

Metz . Vermigli and Ochino were both invited to See also:

• ENGLAND
• ENGLAND, THE CHURCH OF

England by See also:

• CRANMER, THOMAS (1489-1556)

Cranmer in 1547, and given a See also:

• PENSION (Lat. pensio, a payment, from pendere, to weigh, to pay)

pension of See also:

• FORTY

forty marks by the See also:

• GOVERNMENT
• GOVERNMENT (0. Fr. governement, mod. gouvernement, O. Fr. governer, mod. gouverner, from Lat. gubernare, to steer a ship, guide, rule; cf. Gr. xv(3epvav)

government . In 1548 Vermigli was appointed regius professor of divinity at See also:

• OXFORD
• OXFORD, EARLS OF
• OXFORD, EDWARD DE VERE, 17TH EARL
• OXFORD, JOHN DE VERE, 13TH EARL OF (1443-1513)
• OXFORD, PROVISIONS OF
• OXFORD, ROBERT DE VERE, 9TH EARL OF (1362-1392)
• OXFORD, ROBERT HARLEY, 1ST

Oxford, in See also:

• SUCCESSION (Lat. successio, from succedere, to follow after)

succession to the notorious Dr See also:

• RICHARD
• RICHARD (d. 1184)
• RICHARD, FRANCOIS MARIE BENJAMIN (18,9-1908)
• RICHARD, HENRY (1812-1888)
• RICHARD, ST

Richard See also:

• SMITH
• SMITH, ADAM (1723–1790)
• SMITH, ALEXANDER (183o-1867)
• SMITH, ANDREW JACKSON (1815-1897)
• SMITH, CHARLES EMORY (1842–1908)
• SMITH, CHARLES FERGUSON (1807–1862)
• SMITH, CHARLOTTE (1749-1806)
• SMITH, COLVIN (1795—1875)
• SMITH, EDMUND KIRBY (1824-1893)
• SMITH, G
• SMITH, GEORGE (1789-1846)
• SMITH, GEORGE (184o-1876)
• SMITH, GEORGE ADAM (1856- )
• SMITH, GERRIT (1797–1874)
• SMITH, GOLDWIN (1823-191o)
• SMITH, HENRY BOYNTON (1815-1877)
• SMITH, HENRY JOHN STEPHEN (1826-1883)
• SMITH, HENRY PRESERVED (1847– )
• SMITH, JAMES (1775–1839)
• SMITH, JOHN (1579-1631)
• SMITH, JOHN RAPHAEL (1752–1812)
• SMITH, JOSEPH, JR
• SMITH, MORGAN LEWIS (1822–1874)
• SMITH, RICHARD BAIRD (1818-1861)
• SMITH, ROBERT (1689-1768)
• SMITH, SIR HENRY GEORGE WAKELYN
• SMITH, SIR THOMAS (1513-1577)
• SMITH, SIR WILLIAM (1813-1893)
• SMITH, SIR WILLIAM SIDNEY (1764-1840)
• SMITH, SYDNEY (1771-1845)
• SMITH, THOMAS SOUTHWOOD (1788-1861)
• SMITH, WILLIAM (1769-1839)
• SMITH, WILLIAM (c. 1730-1819)
• SMITH, WILLIAM (fl. 1596)
• SMITH, WILLIAM FARRAR (1824—1903)
• SMITH, WILLIAM HENRY (1808—1872)
• SMITH, WILLIAM HENRY (1825—1891)
• SMITH, WILLIAM ROBERTSON (1846-'894)

Smith, and was incorporated D.D .

In 1549 he took See also:

• PART

part in a See also:

• GREAT

great disputation on the See also:

• EUCHARIST (Gr. evXapurria, thanksgiving)

Eucharist . He had abandoned See also:

• LUTHER, MARTIN (1483-1546)

Luther's doctrine of consubstantiation and adopted the doctrine of a Real Presence conditioned by the faith of the recipient . This was similar to the view now held by Cranmer and See also:

• RIDLEY, NICHOLAS (c. 1500-1555)

Ridley, but it is difficult to prove that Vermigli had any great See also:

• INFLUENCE (Late Lat. influentia, from influere, to flow in)

influence in the modifications of the See also:

• BOOK

Book of See also:

• COMMON

Common See also:

• PRAYER (from Lat. precari, entreat; Ital. pregaria, Fr. priere)
• PRAYER, BOOK OF COMMON

Prayer made h . 1552 . He was consulted on the question, but his recommendations •seem hardly distinguishable from those of Bucer, the effect of which is itself disputable . He was also appointed one of the commissioners for the reform of the See also:

• CANON

canon See also:

• LAW
• LAW (0. Eng. lagu, M. Eng. lawe; from an old Teutonic root lag, " lie," what lies fixed or evenly; cf. Lat. lex, Fr. loi)
• LAW, JOHN (1671—1729)
• LAW, WILLIAM (1686-1761)

law . On See also:

• MARY
• MARY (1457-1482)
• MARY (1496-1533)
• MARY, QUEEN OF SCOTS

Mary's See also:

• ACCESSION (from Lat. accedere, to go to, to approach)

accession Vermigli was permitted to return to Strassburg, where, after some opposition raised on the ground that he had abandoned Lutheran doctrine, he was reappointed professor of theology . He befriended a number of See also:

• ENGLISH

English exiles, but had himself in 1556 to accept an offer of the See also:

• CHAIR (in. Mid. Eng. chcere, through O. Fr. chaire or chaiere, from Lat. cathedra, later caledra, Gr. xaOi3pa, seat, cf. "cathedral"; the modern Fr. form chaise, a chair, has been adopted in English with a particular meaning as a form of carriage; chaire

chair of Hebrew at Zurich owing to his increased See also:

• ALIENATION (from Lat. alienus, belonging to another)

alienation from Lutheranism . He was invited to Geneva in 1557, and to England again in 1561, but declined both invitations, maintaining, however, a See also:

• CONSTANT, BENJAMIN (1845-1902)

constant See also:

• CORRESPONDENCE
• CORRESPONDENCE (from med. scholastic Lat. correspondentia, corrcspondere, compounded of Lat. cum, with, and respond ere, to answer; cf. Fr. correspondance)

correspondence with See also:

• JEWEL, JOHN (1522-1571)

Jewel and other English prelates and reformers until his death at Zurich on the r2th of See also:

• NOVEMBER (Lat. novem, nine)

November 1562 . His first wife, who died at Oxford on the 5th of See also:

• FEBRUARY

February 1553, was disinterred in 1557 and tried for See also:

• HERESY

heresy; legal See also:

• EVIDENCE (Lat. evidentia, evideri, to appear clearly)

evidence was not forthcoming because witnesses had not understood her See also:

• TONGUE (O. Eng. lunge)

tongue; and instead of the See also:

• CORPSE (Lat. corpus, the body)

corpse being burnt, it was merely See also:

• CAST (from the verb meaning " to throw "; the word is Scand. in origin, cf. Dan. kaste, and Swed. kasta; " cast " in Middle Eng. took the place of the A.S. weor pan, cf. Ger. werf en)

cast on a dunghill in the See also:

• STABLE

stable of the See also:

• DEAN (Lat. decanus, derived from the Gr. 8eaa, ten)
• DEAN, FOREST OF

dean of See also:

• CHRIST (Gr. X pLQTOS, Anointed)
• CHRIST, WILHELM VON (1831-1906)

Christ See also:

• CHURCH
• CHURCH (according to most authorities derived from the Gr. Kvpcaxov [&wµa], " the Lord's [house]," and common to many Teutonic, Slavonic and other languages under various forms—Scottish kirk, Ger. Kirche, Swed. kirka, Dan. kirke, Russ. tserkov, Buig. cerk
• CHURCH, FREDERICK EDWIN (1826-1900)
• CHURCH, GEORGE EARL (1835–1910)
• CHURCH, RICHARD WILLIAM (1815–189o)
• CHURCH, SIR RICHARD (1784–1873)

Church . The remains were identified after See also:

• ELIZABETH
• ELIZABETH (1533-1603)
• ELIZABETH (1596-1662)
• ELIZABETH (1635–1650)
• ELIZABETH [ AMELIE EUGENIE ] (1837—1898)
• ELIZABETH [1lisabeth Philippine Marie Helene of France] (1764—1794)
• ELIZABETH [PAULINE ELIZABETH OTTILIE LOUISE] (1843– )
• ELIZABETH [PETROVNA] (1709-1762), EMPRESS
• ELIZABETH, SAINT (1207-1231)

Elizabeth's accession, mingled with the supposed See also:

• RELICS (Lat, reliquiae, the equivalent of the English " remains " in the sense of a dead body)

relics of St Frideswide to prevent future desecration, and reburied in the See also:

• CATHEDRAL

cathedral . Vermigli's second wife, Caterina Merenda, whom he married at Zurich, survived him, marrying a See also:

• MERCHANT (O. Fr. marcheant, modern marchand; from Lat. mercari, to trade, merx, goods, merchandise)

merchant of See also:

• LOCARNO (Ger. Luggarus)

Locarno .

Vermigli published over a See also:

• SCORE (O.E. scor, from sceran, to cut, notch, cf. " shear ")

score of theological See also:

• WORKS

works, chiefly Biblical commentaries and See also:

• TREATISES

treatises on the Eucharist . His learning was greater than his originality, and he was one of the least heterodox of the Italian divines who rejected See also:

• ROMAN

Roman Catholicism . His views approximated most nearly to those of See also:

• MARTIN (Martinus)
• MARTIN, BON LOUIS HENRI (1810-1883)
• MARTIN, CLAUD (1735-1800)
• MARTIN, FRANCOIS XAVIER (1762-1846)
• MARTIN, HOMER DODGE (1836-1897)
• MARTIN, JOHN (1789-1854)
• MARTIN, LUTHER (1748-1826)
• MARTIN, SIR THEODORE (1816-1909)
• MARTIN, SIR WILLIAM FANSHAWE (1801–1895)
• MARTIN, ST (c. 316-400)
• MARTIN, WILLIAM (1767-1810)

Martin Bucer . Josias See also:

• SIMLER, JOSIAS (1530-1576)

Simler's Oratio, published in 1563 and translated into English in 1583, is the basis of subsequent accounts of Vermigli . The best lives are by F . C . See also:

• SCHLOSSER, FRIEDRICH CHRISTOPH (1776—1861)

Schlosser (1809) and C . See also:

• SCHMIDT, H
• SCHMIDT, HEINRICH JULIAN (1818-1886)
• SCHMIDT, KARL VON (1817-1875)
• SCHMIDT, WILHELM ADOLF (1812-1887)

Schmidt (1858) . See also See also:

• PARKER, JOHN HENRY (1806-1884)
• PARKER, JOSEPH (183o-1902)
• PARKER, MARTIN (c. 1600-c. 1656)
• PARKER, MATTHEW (1504-1575)
• PARKER, SAMUEL (164o-1688)
• PARKER, SIR GILBERT (1862— )
• PARKER, SIR HYDE, BART
• PARKER, THEODORE (1810-186o)

Parker See also:

• SOC

Soc . Publ . (See also:

• GENERAL
• GENERAL (Lat. generalis, of or relating to a genus, kind or class)

General See also:

• INDEX

Index), especially the Zurich Letters; See also:

• STRYPE, JOHN (1643-1737)

Strype's Works; See also:

• FOXE, JOHN (1516-1587)

Foxe's Acts and Monuments; See also:

• BURNET
• BURNET, GILBERT (1643-1715)
• BURNET, THOMAS (1635-1715)

Burnet's Hist., ed . See also:

• POCOCK, SIR GEORGE (1706-1792)

Pocock; See also:

• DIXON
• DIXON, GEORGE (1755 ?–1800)
• DIXON, HENRY HALL (1822-1870)
• DIXON, RICHARD WATSON (1833-1900)
• DIXON, WILLIAM HEPWORTH (1821-1879)

Dixon's See also:

• HISTORY

History; and Dict. of Nat .

Biogr. lviii . 253-256 . (A . F .