VERMONT  , a See also:

• NORTH
• NORTH, BARONS
• NORTH, MARIANNE (1830—1890)
• NORTH, ROGER (1653-1734)
• NORTH, SIR THOMAS (1535?-16o1?)

North See also:

• ATLANTIC

Atlantic See also:

• STATE
• STATE, GREAT OFFICERS OF

state of the See also:

• UNITED

United States of See also:

• AMERICA

America, and one of the New ,See also:

• ENGLAND
• ENGLAND, THE CHURCH OF

England See also:

• GROUP

group, lying between See also:

• LATITUDE (Lat. latitudo, latus, broad)

latitude 42° 44 and 45° 0' 43" N., and between longitudes 3° 35' and 5° 29' E. from See also:

• WASHINGTON
• WASHINGTON (or WASHINGTON COURT HOUSE)
• WASHINGTON, BOOKER TALIAFERRO (c. 1859– )
• WASHINGTON, BUSHROD (1762-1829)
• WASHINGTON, GEORGE (1732-1799)

Washington . It is bounded N. by the See also:

• CANADIAN

Canadian See also:

• PROVINCE
• PROVINCE (Lat. provincia; perhaps a contraction of providentia)

province of See also:

• QUEBEC

Quebec, E. by the See also:

• CONNECTICUT

Connecticut See also:

• RIVER

river, which separates it from New See also:

• HAMPSHIRE (or COUNTY OF SOUTHAMPTON, abbreviated HANTS)

Hampshire, S. by See also:

• MASSACHUSETTS (an Indian name, originally applied to a tribe of Indians)

Massachusetts, and W. by New See also:

• YORK
• YORK (HOUSE OF)
• YORK, EDMUND OF LANGLEY, DUKE OF (1341-1402)
• YORK, EDWARD
• YORK, FREDERICK AUGUSTUS, DUKE OF (1763-1827)
• YORK, RICHARD, DUKE

York and See also:

• LAKE
• LAKE, GERARD LAKE, 1ST VISCOUNT (1744-1808)

Lake See also:

• CHAMPLAIN
• CHAMPLAIN, SAMUEL DE (1567-1635)

Champlain, which separates it in See also:

• PART

part from New York . Its See also:

• TOTAL

total See also:

• AREA

area is 9564 sq. m., and of this 440 sq. m. is See also:

• WATER

water See also:

• SURFACE

surface . Surface.—Vermont is a portion of the See also:

• PLATEAU (a French term, older platel, for a flat piece of wood, metal, &c., from plat, flat)
• PLATEAU, JOSEPH ANTOINE FERDINAND (1801-1883)

plateau-like New England upland, broken by See also:

• MOUNTAIN (0. Fr. montaigne; popular Lat. montanea, an adjectival form from the classical mons, montis, whence Eng. " mount," a form usually used along with the name of an individual mountain, e.g. Mt Everest)
• MOUNTAIN, THE (La Montagne)

mountain ranges, individual mountains and high hills, rising above the See also:

• GENERAL
• GENERAL (Lat. generalis, of or relating to a genus, kind or class)

general upland surface, and by deep narro,v valleys, cut below that surface . The mean See also:

• ELEVATION

elevation of the ssvir . 33state above the See also:

• SEA (in O. Eng. sae, a common Teutonic word; cf. Ger. See, Dutch Zee, &c.; the ultimate source is uncertain)
• SEA, COMMAND OF THE

sea is about moo ft . Extremes range from Io6 ft. at Maquam on the N.E. See also:

• SHORE

shore of Lake Champlain (96 ft.) to 4364 ft. at the See also:

• SUMMIT

summit of See also:

• MOUNT, WILLIAM SIDNEY (1807-1868)

Mount See also:

• MANSFIELD
• MANSFIELD, RICHARD (1857-1907)
• MANSFIELD, WILLIAM MURRAY, 1ST EARL

Mansfield, about 25 M . E. of that lake . The most prominent feature of the surface is the See also:

• GREEN, A
• GREEN, ALEXANDER HENRY (1832—1896)
• GREEN, DUFF (1791—1875)
• GREEN, JOHN RICHARD (1837—1883)
• GREEN, MATTHEW (1696-1737)
• GREEN, THOMAS HILL (1836-1882)
• GREEN, VALENTINE (1739–1813)
• GREEN, WILLIAM HENRY (.1825–1900)

Green Mountains, which extend nearly N. and S. through the state a little W. of the See also:

• MIDDLE

middle . From the Massachusetts border N. for two-thirds the length of the state the range is only slightly broken, but farther N. it is cut deep by the valleys of the Winooski and Lamoille See also:

• RIVERS
• RIVERS, ANTHONY WOODVILLE, or WYDEVILLE, 2ND EARL (c. 1442—1483)
• RIVERS, EARL
• RIVERS, RICHARD SAVAGE, 4TH EARL (c. 1660—1712)

rivers . The See also:

• CREST
• CREST (Lat. crista, a plume or tuft)

crest See also:

• LINE

line is generally more than 2000 ft. high, considerable areas are above 2500 ft., and the following summits exceed 4000 ft.: Mount Mansfield, 4364 ft.; Killington See also:

• PEAK, THE

Peak, 4241 ft.; See also:

• CAMEL (from the Arabic Djemal or the Heb. Gamal)

Camel's Hump, 4088 ft.; Mount See also:

• LINCOLN
• LINCOLN, ABRAHAM (1809-1865)
• LINCOLN, EARLS OF

Lincoln, 4078 ft.; and See also:

• JAY (Fr. geai)
• JAY, JOHN (1745-1829)
• JAY, WILLIAM (1769-1853)

Jay Peak, 4018 ft . See also:

• WEST
• WEST, BENJAMIN (1738-1820)
• WEST, NICHOLAS (1461-1533)

West of the Green Mountains the Taconic Mountains See also:

• FORM (Lat. forma)

form a nearly parallel (but distinct) range, extending from New York and Massachusetts N. nearly to the centre of Vermont; and a See also:

• SERIES (a Latin word from serere, to join)

series of broken uplifts, known as the Red Sandrock Mountains, extend farther N. along the shore of Lake Champlain .

The Taconic Mountains rise in very irregular masses to 1500-2000 ft., and reach their maximum elevation in Mount See also:

• EQUINOX (from the Lat. aequus, equal, and nox, night)

Equinox at 3816 ft . The Red Sandrock Mountains are similar to one another in form and structure, generally rounded on the N. and E., but with some rugged escarpments facing the lake; their highest point is Snake Mountain (1271 ft.) in See also:

• ADDISON, JOSEPH (1672-1719)

Addison See also:

• COUNTY (through Norm. Fr. comae, cf. O. Fr. cunte, conk', Mod. Fr. comae, from Lat. comitatus, cf. Ital. comitato, Prov. comtat; see COUNT)

county . There are no mountain ranges in the state E. of the Green Mountains, but distributed along the entire E. border are a number of tall and See also:

• OVAL (Lat. ovum, egg)

oval or conical shaped masses known as the Granitic Mountains, and between these and the Green Mountains the See also:

• COUNTRY (from the Mid. Eng. contre or contrie, and O. Fr. cuntree; Late Lat. contrata, showing the derivation from contra, opposite, over against, thus the tract of land which fronts the sight, cf. Ger. Gegend, neighbourhood)

country is largely occupied by high hills and deeply carved valleys . Mount Ascutney, one of the Granitic Mountains, rises abruptly from the See also:

• FLOOR (from O. Eng. flor, a word common to many Teutonic languages, cf. Dutch vloer, and Ger. Flur, a field, in the feminine, and a floor, masculine)

floor of the Connecticut Valley to a height of 3320 ft . The least broken See also:

• SECTION
• SECTION (Lat. sectio, cutting, secare, to cut)

section of Vermont is on the somewhat See also:

• GENTLE (through the Fr. gentil, from Lat. gentilis, belonging to the same gens, or family)

gentle slope of the Green Mountains in the N.W. and on See also:

• GRAND

Grand Isle, North See also:

• HERO (Gr. open)
• HERO, THE YOUNGER

Hero See also:

• ISLAND (O.E. ieg =isle, +land')

Island, and Isle La Motte in Lake Champlain . The forms of Vermont's mountains, even to the highest summits, were to a See also:

• GREAT

great extent rounded by glaciation, but as the rocks vary much in texture and are often steeply inclined, stream erosion has cut valleys deep and narrow, often See also:

• MERE
• MERE, ADALBERT (1838-1909)

mere See also:

• GORGES, SIR FERDINANDO (c. 1566-1647)

gorges . Where the Green Mountain range is unbroken, in the S. two-thirds of the state, it forms a water-parting between the streams which flow W. or N.W. into Lake Champlain or the See also:

• HUDSON
• HUDSON, GEORGE (180o-1871)
• HUDSON, HENRY
• HUDSON, JOHN (1662–1719)

Hudson river and those flowing S.E. into the Connecticut river; but farther N. the line separating the Hudson-Champlain See also:

• BASIN, or BASON (the older form bacin is found in many of the Romanic languages, from the Late Lat. baccinus or bacchinus, probably derived from bacca, a bowl)
• BASIN, THOMAS (1412—1491)

basin - from the Connecticut basin runs among the Granitic Mountains; and extending 25 m . S. from the Canadian border is a small area that is drained N. into Lake Memphremagog, the See also:

• WATERS, TERRITORIAL

waters of which, like those of Lake Champlain, are tributary to the St See also:

• LAWRENCE
• LAWRENCE (LAURENTIUS, LORENZO), ST
• LAWRENCE, AMOS (1786—1852)
• LAWRENCE, AMOS ADAMS (1814–1886)
• LAWRENCE, GEORGE ALFRED (1827–1876)
• LAWRENCE, JOHN LAIRD MAIR LAWRENCE, 1ST BARON (1811-1879)
• LAWRENCE, SIR HENRY MONTGOMERY (1806–1857)
• LAWRENCE, SIR THOMAS (1769–1830)
• LAWRENCE, STRINGER (1697–1775)

Lawrence river . North of Massachusetts the Connecticut river is wholly within New Hampshire—Vermont's eastern boundary is See also:

• LOW, SETH (1850- )
• LOW, WILL HICOK (1853- )

low-water See also:

• MARK
• MARK, CARL (1858– )
• MARK, GOSPEL OF ST
• MARK, ST

mark on the W. See also:

• BANK

bank of the Connecticut river . The largest and only navigable rivers of Vermont are among those flowing into Lake Champlain: the Missisquoi, the Lamoille, the Winooski and See also:

• OTTER
• OTTER (0. Eng. ate, otor, a common Teutonic word, cf. Dutch and Ger. Otter, Dan. odder, Swed. utter; it is to be referred to the root seen in Gr. 6&ep, water)
• OTTER, SEA

Otter See also:

• CREEK
• CREEK (Mid. Eng. crike or creke, common to many N. European languages)

Creek . The See also:

• BATTEN
• BATTEN, SIR WILLIAM (floruit 1626-1667)

Batten Kill is the See also:

• PRINCIPAL

principal river flowing into the Hudson . The See also:

• DEERFIELD

Deerfield, West, See also:

• WILLIAMS
• WILLIAMS, JOHN (1582-1650)
• WILLIAMS, JOHN (1796-1839)
• WILLIAMS, ROGER (c. 1604–1684)
• WILLIAMS, ROWLAND (1817-1870)
• WILLIAMS, SIR WILLIAM FENWICK

Williams, See also:

• WHITE
• WHITE, ANDREW DICKSON (1832– )
• WHITE, GILBERT (1720–1793)
• WHITE, HENRY KIRKE (1785-1806)
• WHITE, HUGH LAWSON (1773-1840)
• WHITE, JOSEPH BLANCO (1775-1841)
• WHITE, RICHARD GRANT (1822-1885)
• WHITE, ROBERT (1645-1704)
• WHITE, SIR GEORGE STUART (1835– )
• WHITE, SIR THOMAS (1492-1567)
• WHITE, SIR WILLIAM ARTHUR (1824--1891)
• WHITE, SIR WILLIAM HENRY (1845– )
• WHITE, THOMAS (1628-1698)
• WHITE, THOMAS (c. 1550-1624)

White, Passumpsic and Nulhegan rivers are the largest of the many streams which are tributary to the Connecticut .

The See also:

• BLACK
• BLACK, ADAM (1784-1874)
• BLACK, JEREMIAH SULLIVAN (1810–1883)
• BLACK, WILLIAM (1841-1898)

Black, See also:

• BARTON, BENJAMIN SMITH (1766-1815)
• BARTON, BERNARD (1784–1849)
• BARTON, CLARA (1821– )
• BARTON, ELIZABETH (c. 1506–1534)

Barton and See also:

• CLYDE (Welsh, Clwyd, " far heard," " strong," the Glotta of Tacitus)
• CLYDE, COLIN CAMPBELL, BARON (1792-1863)

Clyde rivers flow into Lake Memphremagog . Vermont's rivers are generally See also:

• SWIFT
• SWIFT, JONATHAN (1667—1745)

swift, and in many places they are made very picturesque by their clear and sparkling waters, rapids, falls, gorges and wooded See also:

• BANKS, GEORGE LINNAEUS (1821-1881)
• BANKS, NATHANIEL PRENTISS (1816–1894)
• BANKS, SIR JOSEPH
• BANKS, THOMAS (1735-1805)

banks . Lake Champlain, which lies beautifully in the valley between the Green and Adirondack mountains, belongs mostly to Vermont . The state has a shore line upon it of 15o m. or more, and in its N. portion are numerous islands which are attractive resorts during the summer See also:

• SEASON (0. Fr. seson, seison, mod. saison, Lat. satio, sowing time, the spring, from serere, to sow; in Late Lat. the word is found with its present meaning, the spring being considered as particularly the season of the year)

season . On the N. border of the state is Lake Memphremagog with islands, a rugged prominence known as See also:

• OWL (O. Eng. Ule, Swed. Uggla, Ger. Eule—all allied to Lat. Ulula, and evidently of imitative origin)

Owl's See also:

• HEAD (in 0. Eng. heafad; the word is common to Teutonic languages; cf. Dutch hoofd, Ger. Haupt, generally taken to be in origin connected with Lat. caput, Gr. KerbOvi7)
• HEAD, SIR EDMUND WALKER, BART
• HEAD, SIR FRANCIS BOND, BART

Head on its W. border, Jay Peak, farther back, and a beautiful farming country to the eastward . There are also a large number of small lakes and ponds lying wholly within the state . Of these Lake Bomoseen in See also:

• RUTLAND
• RUTLAND, EARLS AND DUKES OF
• RUTLAND, JOHN JAMES ROBERT MANNERS, 7TH DUKE OF (1818-1906)

Rutland county and See also:

• WILLOUGHBY

Willoughby Lake in See also:

• ORLEANS
• ORLEANS, CHARLES, DUKE OF (1391-1465)
• ORLEANS, DUKES OF
• ORLEANS, FERDINAND PHILIP LOUIS CHARLES HENRY, DUKE OF (1810-1842)
• ORLEANS, HENRI, PRINCE
• ORLEANS, HENRIETTA, DUCHESS
• ORLEANS, JEAN BAPTISTE GASTON, DUKE
• ORLEANS, LOUIS
• ORLEANS, LOUIS PHILIPPE JOSEPH
• ORLEANS, LOUIS PHILIPPE ROBERT, DUKE
• ORLEANS, LOUIS PHILIPPE, DUKE OF (1725–1785)
• ORLEANS, LOUIS, DUKE OF (1372–1407)
• ORLEANS, PHILIP I
• ORLEANS, PHILIP II

Orleans county are the largest . Willoughby Lake is about 6 m. See also:

• LONG, GEORGE (1800-1879)
• LONG, JOHN DAVIS (1838– )

long by 1–i 2 m. wide, and its situation between two rugged mountains makes a See also:

• SCENE (Fr. scene, Lat. scaena, Gr. oflvil, a tent or booth, a stage or scene)

scene of great natural beauty . All the lakes of the state were formed by glaciation . See also:

• FAUNA

Fauna.—The most See also:

• COMMON

common See also:

• WILD, JONATHAN (c. 1682-1725)

wild animals are See also:

• DEER (O. E. rigor, dfor, a common Teutonic word, meaning a wild animal, cf. Ger. Tier, Du. dier, &c., probably from a root dhus-, to breathe)
• DEER, CHINESE

deer, rabbits, squirrels, raccoons, skunks, woodchucks and muskrats . There are some porcupines, red foxes, minks and See also:

• MARTENS
• MARTENS, GEORG FRIEDRICH VON (1756-1821)

martens, but the See also:

• MOOSE

moose, See also:

• WOLF
• WOLF (Canis lupus)
• WOLF, FRIEDRICH AUGUST (1759-1824)
• WOLF, HUGO (1860-1903)
• WOLF, JOSEPH (1820-1899)

wolf and See also:

• LYNX (Lat. Lynx, Gr. airy, probably connected with X hovewv, to see)

lynx are practically See also:

• EXTINCT

extinct . The ruffed See also:

• GROUSE

grouse (or " See also:

• PARTRIDGE (Du. Patrijs, Fr. perdrix, from Lat. perdix, apparently onomatopoeic from the call of the bird)
• PARTRIDGE, JOHN BERNARD (1861– )
• PARTRIDGE, WILLIAM ORDWAY (1861– )

partridge ") is the most common of See also:

• GAME

game birds, but See also:

• WOODCOCK (O. Eng. wude-cocc, wudu-coc, and wudu-snite)

woodcock, ducks and geese are quite common .

Prominent among a great variety of See also:

• SONG

song-birds and insectivorous birds are the See also:

• ROBIN

robin, See also:

• BLUE (common in different forms to most European languages)

blue See also:

• BIRD

bird, See also:

• CAT
• CAT, CIVET
• CAT, HOUSE

cat bird, sparrows, meadow-See also:

• LARK (0. Eng. ldwerce, Ger. Lerche, Dan. Laerke, Dutch Leeuwerik)

lark, bobolink, thrushes, chickadee, wrens, See also:

• BROWN
• BROWN, CHARLES BROCKDEN (1771-181o)
• BROWN, FORD MADOX (1821-1893)
• BROWN, FRANCIS (1849- )
• BROWN, GEORGE (1818-188o)
• BROWN, HENRY KIRKE (1814-1886)
• BROWN, JACOB (1775–1828)
• BROWN, JOHN (1715–1766)
• BROWN, JOHN (1722-1787)
• BROWN, JOHN (1735–1788)
• BROWN, JOHN (1784–1858)
• BROWN, JOHN (1800-1859)
• BROWN, JOHN (1810—1882)
• BROWN, JOHN GEORGE (1831— )
• BROWN, ROBERT (1773-1858)
• BROWN, SAMUEL MORISON (1817—1856)
• BROWN, SIR GEORGE (1790-1865)
• BROWN, SIR JOHN (1816-1896)
• BROWN, SIR WILLIAM, BART
• BROWN, THOMAS (1663-1704)
• BROWN, THOMAS (1778-1820)
• BROWN, THOMAS EDWARD (1830-1897)
• BROWN, WILLIAM LAURENCE (1755–1830)

brown thrasher, See also:

• GOLD
• GOLD [symbol Au, atomic weight 195.7(H = 1),197.2(0 =16)]

gold See also:

• FINCH
• FINCH (Ger. Fink, Lat. Fringilla)

finch, See also:

• CEDAR (Lat. cedrus, Gr. iapos)

cedar See also:

• WAX

wax-wing, flycatchers, nuthatches, flicker (See also:

• GOLDEN

golden-winged See also:

• WOODPECKER

woodpecker), downy and hairy woodpeckers, See also:

• ROSE
• ROSE (Rosa)
• ROSE, GEORGE (1744-1818)
• ROSE, HUGH JAMES (1795—1838)
• ROSE, WILLIAM STEWART (1775-1843)

rose-breasted See also:

• GROSBEAK (Fr. Grosbec)

grosbeak, See also:

• BALTIMORE
• BALTIMORE, GEORGE CALVERT, 1ST BARON (C. 1580—1632)

Baltimore See also:

• ORIOLE (O. Fr. Oriol, Lat. aureolus)

oriole, See also:

• BARN

barn-See also:

• SWALLOW (A. S. swalewe, Icel. svala, Du. zwaluw, Ger. Schwalbe)

swallow, See also:

• CHIMNEY (through the Fr. cheminee, from caminata, sc. camera, a Lat. derivative of caminus, an oven or furnace)

chimney swift, See also:

• PURPLE

purple See also:

• MARTIN (Martinus)
• MARTIN, BON LOUIS HENRI (1810-1883)
• MARTIN, CLAUD (1735-1800)
• MARTIN, FRANCOIS XAVIER (1762-1846)
• MARTIN, HOMER DODGE (1836-1897)
• MARTIN, JOHN (1789-1854)
• MARTIN, LUTHER (1748-1826)
• MARTIN, SIR THEODORE (1816-1909)
• MARTIN, SIR WILLIAM FANSHAWE (1801–1895)
• MARTIN, ST (c. 316-400)
• MARTIN, WILLIAM (1767-1810)

martin, purple finch (See also:

• LINNET, O

linnet), vireos and several See also:

• SPECIES

species of warblers . Birds of- See also:

• PREY (0. Fr. preie, mod. proie, Lat. praeda, booty, from prae and the root hed—seen in prehendere, prendere, to grasp)

prey comprise several species of See also:

• HAWKS, FRANCIS LISTER (1798-1866)

hawks and owls, and a few eagles . A few See also:

• STURGEON (Acipenser)

sturgeon are taken in Lake Champlain . The lakes, ponds and streams afford some of the best See also:

• TROUT (Salmo trutta)

trout fishing in the country, and many of them also abound in pickerel, See also:

• PIKE
• PIKE, ZEBULON MONTGOMERY (1779-1813)

pike, See also:

• PERCH (through Fr. from Lat. perca, Gr. 7rEpKo; the last word is connected with 2repev6r, dark-coloured, spotted)
• PERCH (through Fr. perche from Lat. pertica, a pole or rod used for measurement)

perch, black See also:

• BASS
• BASS (the same word as " base," and so pronounced, but influenced in spelling by the Ital. basso)

bass and See also:

• LAND

land-locked See also:

• SALMON
• SALMON, GEORGE (1819-1904)

salmon . "There is a state See also:

• FISH (O. Eng. fist, a word common to Teutonic languages, cf. Dutch visch, Ger. Fisch, Goth. fisks, cognate with the Lat. piscis)
• FISH, HAMILTON (1808-1893)

fish and game See also:

• COMMISSIONER

commissioner, and the state has a fish II hatchery at See also:

• ROXBURY

Roxbury and a See also:

• FOREST

forest and game See also:

• FARM

farm at See also:

• SHARON

Sharon . There are Federal hatcheries at Swanton (for pike perch and yellow perch) and at See also:

• HOLDEN, HUBERT ASHTON (1822-1896)
• HOLDEN, SIR ISAAC, BART

Holden (for trout) . See also:

• FLORA

Flora.—Vermont (vent mont), the Green Mountain State, was so named from the See also:

• EVERGREEN

evergreen forests of its mountains, whose principal trees are spruce and See also:

• FIR

fir on the upper slopes and white See also:

• PINE (Lat. Pinus, Gr. srlrur)

pine and See also:

• HEMLOCK (in O. Eng. hemlic or hymlice; no cognate is found in any other language, and the origin is unknown)

hemlock on the See also:

• LOWER

lower . Among See also:

• DECIDUOUS (from Lat. decidere, to fall down)

deciduous trees the state is noted for its See also:

• SUGAR

sugar maples; See also:

• BIRCH
• BIRCH (Betula)
• BIRCH, SAMUEL (1813–1885)
• BIRCH, THOMAS (1705-1766)

birch and See also:

• BEECH

beech are common on the hills, and oaks, See also:

• ELM

elm, See also:

• HICKORY

hickory, ash, See also:

• POPLAR
• POPLAR (Lat. Populus)

poplar, basswood, See also:

• WILLOW (Salix)

willow, See also:

• CHESTNUT (nux Castanea)

chestnut and butternut on the less elevated areas . Among indigenous See also:

• FRUIT (through the French from the Lat. fructus; frui, to enjoy)

fruit-bearing trees, shrubs, vines and See also:

• PLANTS

plants are the See also:

• PLUM

plum, See also:

• CHERRY

cherry, See also:

• GRAPE

grape, See also:

• BLACKBERRY, or BRAMBLE

blackberry, See also:

• RASPBERRY

raspberry, See also:

• CRANBERRY

cranberry and See also:

• STRAWBERRY (Fragaria)

strawberry . A few of the medicinal plants are See also:

• GINSENG

ginseng, See also:

• PLEURISY, or PLEURITIS (Gr. srXeiipc =ribs)

pleurisy See also:

• ROOT (late O.E. rot, adopted from Scand., cf. Norw. and Swed. rot, Dan. rod; the true O.E. word was wyrt, plant, represented in Ger. Wurz or Wurzel; the ultimate root is the same in both words, and is seen in Lat. radix)
• ROOT, ELIHU (1845– )

root, snake root, See also:

• BLOOD

blood root, blue See also:

• FLAG (or " FLAGGE," a common Teutonic word in this sense, but apparently first recorded in English)

flag and marshmallow . See also:

• ORCHIDS

Orchids are very prominent among a great variety of flowering plants . Along the shore of Lake Champlain are a few species of maritime plants that remain from the See also:

• TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
• TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
• TIME, STANDARD

time when portions of western Vermont were covered by the sea, and on the upper slopes of some of the higher mountains are a few Alpine species; these, however, are much less numerous on the Green Mountains of Vermont than on the White Mountains of New Hampshire .

The state's See also:

• LUMBER

lumber See also:

• TRADE (O. Eng. trod, footstep, from tredan, to tread; in M. Eng. the forms teed, trod and trade appear, the last in the sense of a beaten track)
• TRADE, BOARD OF

trade was important until 189o, when the white pine was nearly exhausted, although there were still spruce and hemlock . See also:

• CLIMATE

Climate.—The state usually has long and severe winters and cool summers, but sudden changes of temperature are common at all seasons . The mean temperature for See also:

• JANUARY

January, the coldest See also:

• MONTH
• MONTH (a common Teutonic word, cf. Ger. Mond, Du. maand, Dan. maaned, &c., and cognate with Lat. mensis, Gr. µi7v, &c., in other branches of the Indo-Germanic family; all ultimately from the root seen in the word for the moon in nearly all those languages

month, is only 17° F.; for the three See also:

• WINTER, JOHN STRANGE
• WINTER, PETER (c. 1755-1825)

winter months it is 19° F., and for the five months from See also:

• NOVEMBER (Lat. novem, nine)

November to See also:

• MARCH
• MARCH (1) (from Fr. marcher, to walk; the earliest sense in French appears to be " to trample," and the origin has usually been found in the Lat. marcus, hammer; Low Lat. marcare, to hammer; hence to beat the road with the regular tread of a soldier: cf.
• MARCH, AUZIAS (c. "1395-1458)
• MARCH, EARLS OF
• MARCH, FRANCIS ANDREW (1825– )

March inclusive it is 24.3° F . For See also:

• JULY

July, the warmest month, the mean temperature is 68° F.; for the entire See also:

• YEAR

year it is 43° F . Extremes of temperature have ranged from -36° F. at See also:

• WOODSTOCK

Woodstock, See also:

• WINDSOR
• WINDSOR (properly NEw WINDSOR)

Windsor county, in See also:

• FEBRUARY

February 1896 to 97° F. at See also:

• CORNWALL

Cornwall, Addison county, in See also:

• JUNE

June 1901 . The eastern section of the state is colder than the western, and the central or most mountainous section is still colder; for example, the mean See also:

• ANNUAL

annual temperature of See also:

• BURLINGTON

Burlington, on Lake Champlain, is 46° F., while that of See also:

• SAINT (lat. sanctus, " holy ")

Saint Johnsbury, a little farther S. and near the E. border, is only 42 ° F., and that of See also:

• NORTHFIELD

Northfield, still farther S. but in the middle section, is only 41° F . The mean annual precipitation for the entire state is about 38.5 in.; more See also:

• RAIN (O.E. regn; the word is common to Teutonic languages, cf. Ger. Regen, Swed. and Dan. regn; it has been connected with Lat. rigare, to wet, Gr. 13pixeav)

rain falls in summer than in any other season, and more falls in the See also:

• SOUTHERN

southern section than in the See also:

• NORTHERN

northern . The See also:

• AVERAGE

average annual fall of See also:

• SNOW (in O. Eng. sndw; a common Indo-European word; cf. in Teutonic languages, Ger. Schnee, Du. sneeuw; in Slavonic snieg', Lith. snegas; Gr. vi4a, Lat. nix, nivis, whence the Romanic forms, Ital. neve, Fr. neige, &c.; Ir. and Gael. sneachd; the original

snow throughout the state is about 90 in., but at See also:

• JACKSONVILLE

Jacksonville near the S. border it often exceeds See also:

• ITO, HIROBUMI, PRINCE (1841-1909)

Ito in . More snow falls in February than in any other month . In the Connecticut and Hudson-Champlain valleys the winds See also:

• BLOW, JOHN (1648-1708)

blow mostly from either the N. or the S., but in several of the smaller valleys the prevailing winds are from the N.W . See also:

• SOIL

Soil.—The soil is for the most part glacial See also:

• DRIFT (from "drive ")

drift, composed of See also:

• CLAY (from O. Eng. claeg, a word common in various forms to Teutonic languages, cf. Ger. Klei)
• CLAY, CASSIUS MARCELLUS (1810-1903)
• CLAY, CHARLES (1801–1893)
• CLAY, FREDERIC (1838–1889)
• CLAY, HENRY (1777–1852)

clay, See also:

• SAND
• SAND, GEORGE (1804-1876)

sand and See also:

• GRAVEL, or PEBBLE BEDS

gravel, and varying greatly in See also:

• DEPTH

depth . On the higher elevations it is generally stony and sterile, but in the valleys and on many of the lower hills, where it consists largely of clay and sand, it is quite productive .

The best soils are in the west section, where See also:

• LIMESTONE

limestone See also:

• CLAYS, PAUL JEAN (1819-1900)

clays or See also:

• SHELL
• SHELL (O. Eng. scell, scyll, cf. Du. sceel, shell, Goth. skalja, tile; the word means originally a thin flake,. cf. Swed. skalja, to peel off; it is allied to " scale " and " skill," from a root meaning to cleave, divide, separate)

shell marls are common . Forests.--Vermont was heavily forested with white pine, spruce and hemlock, and, in the southern part of the state and along the shore of Lake Champlain, with some hard See also:

• WOODS, LEONARD (1774-1854)
• WOODS, SIR ALBERT (1816-1904)

woods . The white pine had been much cut off by 1890 and it is no longer commercially important . The woodland area of the state in 1900 was estimated to be 3900 sq. m., about 43 % of the land area of the state . See also:

• FISHERIES

Fisheries.—Lake Champlain furnishes the only commerical fishing grounds in Vermont, with the exceptions of small catches of white fish in Lake Bomoseen, Lake St See also:

• CATHERINE
• CATHERINE, SAINT

Catherine in Rutland county and Lake Memphremagog . The total catch in 1895 was 208,139 lb, valued at $716o, and in 1902 was 528,682 lb, valued at $37,669 . The See also:

• CAPITAL (i.e. capital stock or fund)
• CAPITAL (Lat. caput, head)

capital invested in fisheries in 1902 was $9417, and the number of men employed, 145 . The most valuable fish taken was See also:

• WALL (O. Eng. weal, weall, Mid. Eng. wal, wane, adapted from Lat. vallum, rampart; the original O. Eng. word for a wall was wag or tenth)
• WALL, RICHARD (1694-1778)

wall-eyed pike, and the catch of this fish and of pickerel from Lake Champlain in 1902 exceeded in value that from any other See also:

• BODY

body of fresh water in the United States excepting Lake See also:

• HURON
• HURON (a French term, from huge', bristled, early used as an expression of contempt, signifying "lout ")

Huron and Lake See also:

• ERIE

Erie . The wall-eyed pike taken in 1902 were valued at $16,915 (210,936 lb) ; white fish, $5777 (80,191 lb) ; pickerel, $4144 (51,711 lb) ; yellow perch, $2575 (43,917 lb) ; sturgeon, $2051 (15,590 ib), and suckers, $1854 (37,375 lb) ; other varieties taken in smaller quantities included See also:

• SMELT (Osmerus eperlanus; Fr. eperlan; Scotch sparling or spirling)

smelt, See also:

• SUN
• SUN (0. Eng. sonne, Ger. sonne. Fr. soleil, Lat. sol, Gr. ijXior, from which comes helio- in various English compounds)

sun-fish and eels . See also:

• AGRICULTURE
• AGRICULTURE (from Lat. ages, field, and colere, to cultivate)
• AGRICULTURE, BOARD OF

Agriculture.—Vermont is largely an agricultural state: in 1900, out of a total of 134,933 perscns engaged in gainful occupations, 49,82o were engaged in agriculture, 36,18o in manufacturing and See also:

• MECHANICAL

mechanical pursuits, 23,028 in domestic and See also:

• PERSONAL

personal service, 18,889 in trade and transportation, and 7016 in professional service; and of a total land area of 9124 sq. m., 7382 sq. m . (4,724,400 acres) were included in farms . The percentage of improved farm land; as in See also:

• MAINE
• MAINE, ANNE LOUISE BENEDICTE DE BOURBON
• MAINE, SIR HENRY JAMES SUMNER (1822–1888)

Maine, New York and See also:

• PENNSYLVANIA
• PENNSYLVANIA, UNIVERSITY OF

Pennsylvania, increased from 1850 until 1890 and decreased after 189o; and in 1900 out of a total acreage of 4,724,400 acres only 2,126,624 acres (45%) were improved .

Of the 33,104 farms in the state in 1900, 25,982 were farmed by their owners, 1373 by part owners, 314 by owners and tenants, 2424 by See also:

• CASH

cash tenants, '396 by See also:

• SHARE (O. Eng. scearu, chiefly in compounds, e.g. land-scearu, a share of land, from sceran to cut; cf. " shear" )

share tenants, and 615 by managers; 637 farms had mor. than 500 acres, 3431 were between 26o and 500 acres, 5512 between 175 and 26o acres, 10,215 between See also:

• ION

ion and 175 acres, 6513 between 5o and too acres, 3511between 20 and 50 acres, and 3285 less than 20 acres; and See also:

• DAIRY

dairy produce was the principal source of income of more than one-See also:

• HALF

half of these (16,700), live stock the principal source of income of 7323 farms, and See also:

• HAY
• HAY (a word common in various forms to Teutonic languages; cf. Ger. Heu, Dutch hooi; the root from which it is derived, meaning " to cut," is also seen in " to hew "; cf. " hoe ")
• HAY, GEORGE (1729—1811)
• HAY, GILBERT
• HAY, JOHN (1838–1905)

hay and See also:

• GRAIN (derived through the French from Lat. granum, seed, from an Aryan root meaning " to wear down," which also appears in the common Teutonic word " corn ")

grain of 2519 farms . The general sterility of the soil except along rivers and the bases of hills has made intensive cultivation always necessary, and the competition of new and See also:

• RICH, BARNABE (c. 1540-1617)
• RICH, CLAUDIUS JAMES (1787-1821)
• RICH, JOHN (1692-1761)
• RICH, PENELOPE, LADY (c. 1562–1607)
• RICH, RICHARD, 1ST BARON RICH (1490?-1567)

rich western farm lands has made the agriculture of Vermont develop further toward specialization in dairying and raising live stock . In 1910 there were 495,000 neat See also:

• CATTLE (Norman Fr. catel, from Late Lat. capitale, wealth or property, a word applied in the feudal system to movable property and particularly to live stock, and surviving in its wider meaning as " chattel " or " chattle ")

cattle (285,000 milch cows), 94,000 horses (average value, $106), 229,000 See also:

• SHEEP
• SHEEP (from the Anglo-Saxon sceap, a word common in various forms to Teutonic languages; e.g. the German Schaf)

sheep and 95,000 See also:

• SWINE

swine . The horses of Vermont have been famous in the development of See also:

• AMERICAN

American racing See also:

• STOCKS

stocks; the See also:

• MORGAN
• MORGAN, DANIEL (1736-1802)
• MORGAN, EDWIN DENNISON (1811-1883)
• MORGAN, JOHN HUNT (1825-1864)
• MORGAN, JOHN PIERPONT (1837–1913)
• MORGAN, LEWIS HENRY (1818-1881)
• MORGAN, SYDNEY, LADY (c. 1783-1859)
• MORGAN, THOMAS (d. 1743)

Morgan stock is best known, and other famous Vermont strains are Messenger and Black See also:

• HAWK (O. Eng. hafoc or heafoc, a common Teutonic word, cf. Dutch havik, Ger. Habicht; the root is hab-, haf-, to hold, cf. Lat. accipiter, from capere)

Hawk . Hay and See also:

• FORAGE

forage are the most important crops, and Vermont See also:

• GRASSES

grasses for grazing have been favourably known since the See also:

• CLOSE
• CLOSE (from Lat. clausum, shut)
• CLOSE, MAXWELL HENRY (1822-1903)

close of the 18th See also:

• CENTURY (from Lat. centuria, a division of a hundred men)

century . In 1909 on 879,000 acres a See also:

• CROP (a word common. in various forms, such as Germ. Kropf, to many Teutonic languages for a swelling, excrescence, round head or top of anything; it appears also in Romanic languages derived from Teutonic, in Fr. as troupe, whence the English " crupper "

crop of hay (excluding forage) was raised' valued at $16,155,000 . The cereals are relatively unimportant . The largest cereal crop is oats, of which, in 1909, 2,608,000 bushels (valued at $1,304,000) were produced on 81,000 acres . Mines and Quarries.—The principal See also:

• MINERAL

mineral resource of Vermont is its See also:

• BUILDING

building and monumental See also:

• STONE
• STONE (0. Eng. shin; the word is common to Teutonic languages, cf. Ger. Stein, Du. steen, Dan. and Swed. sten; the root is also seen in Gr. aria, pebble)
• STONE, CHARLES POMEROY (1824-1887)
• STONE, EDWARD JAMES (1831-1897)
• STONE, FRANK (1800-1859)
• STONE, GEORGE (1708—1764)
• STONE, LUCY [BLACKWELL] (1818-1893)
• STONE, MARCUS (184o— )
• STONE, NICHOLAS (1586-1647)

stone, including See also:

• MARBLE (from Lat. marmor, Gr. pApµapos, shining stone)

marble and See also:

• GRANITE (adapted from the Ital. granite, grained; Lat. granum, grain)

granite and a small amount of limestone . The value of the total amount of stone produced in 1908 in Vermont was $7,152,624 . Vermont marble is the best and most plentiful in the United States . It has been quarried since 1785; marble monuments were first manufactured about 1808; and at See also:

• SOUTH
• SOUTH, ROBERT (1634–1716)

South See also:

• DORSET, EARLS, MARQUESSES AND DUKES OF

Dorset in 1818 marble seems first to have been sawed in blocks, the earlier method having been chiselling .

It is found generally throughout the western part of the state . The principal See also:

• SUPPLY (through Fr. from Lat. supplere, to fill up)

supply is in West Rutland, See also:

• PROCTOR
• PROCTOR, ALEXANDER PHIMISTER (1862– )
• PROCTOR, RICHARD ANTHONY (1837-1888)

Proctor and Pittsford; this, the " Rutland marble," is a duller, less lustrous white, and of a greater durability than the See also:

• CARRARA
• CARRARA, or CARRARESI

Carrara marble, and is used largely for monuments and statuary . There are other large quarries at Dorset and See also:

• EAST
• EAST, ALFRED (1849- )

East Dorset, See also:

• BENNINGTON

Bennington county; the finest See also:

• MARBLES

marbles from this region are the white, slightly marked with See also:

• PALE (through Fr. pal, from Lat. palms, a stake, for paglus, from the stem pag- of pangere, to fix; " pole " is from the same original source)

pale brown and with greenish lines; they are commonly used for building, the Harvard Medical School and the See also:

• OFFICE (from Lat. officium, " duty," " service," a shortened form of opifacium, from facere, " to do," and either the stem of opes, " wealth," " aid," or opus, " work ")

office of the U.S . See also:

• SENATE (Lat. senatus, from root sen-, as in senex, old; the root is the Sanskrit sana, cf. Gr. 'vos; the same element appears in senor, seigneur, seneschal)

Senate being examples . At Rutland, Proctor and Dorset many darker shades are found, including " See also:

• MOSS

moss vein, " See also:

• OLIVE (Olea europaea)

olive green and various shades of blue, green, yellow and See also:

• PINK

pink, which are used for ornamental purposes . There are important quarries in See also:

• FRANKLIN
• FRANKLIN, BENJAMIN (1706-1790)
• FRANKLIN, SIR JOHN (1786-1847)
• FRANKLIN, WILLIAM BUEL (1823-1903)

Franklin county (at Swanton), the stone being a dark Chazy limestone, in which pink and red (" See also:

• JASPER

jasper," " 1 onnaise " and ` royal red ") marbles of See also:

• CAMBRIAN

Cambrian See also:

• AGE (Fr. age, through late Lat. aetaticum, from aetas)

age are found . At Monkton, Addison county, there is a See also:

• QUARRY

quarry from which other red marbles are taken; and at Roxbury, Washington county, a See also:

• FINE

fine See also:

• SERPENTINE

serpentine, called " green marble," or verde See also:

• ANTIQUE (Lat. antiquus, old)

antique, is quarried . On Isle La Motte, Grand Isle county, there are marble quarries, the characteristic See also:

• COLOURS, MILITARY

colours of the marble being " See also:

• FISK, JAMES (1834-1872)
• FISK, WILBUR (1792-1839)

Fisk black " and " Fisk See also:

• GREY, CHARLES GREY, 2ND EARL (1764-1845)
• GREY, HENRY GREY, 3RD EARL (1802-1894)
• GREY, LADY JANE (1537-1554)
• GREY, SIR EDWARD
• GREY, SIR GEORGE (1812–1898)

grey." The output of marble in 1908 was valued at $4,679,960 (out of a total of $7,733,920 for the entire See also:

• PRODUCTION (Lat. productionem, from producere, to pro-duce)

production of, marble in the United States) . Only less important and only less See also:

• EARLY
• EARLY, JUBAL ANDERSON (1816-1894)

early to be established in Vermont was the See also:

• QUARRYING

quarrying of granite, which began in 1812, but which has been See also:

• DEVELOPED

developed chiefly since 188o, largely by means of the building of " granite railroads " which connect each quarry with a See also:

• MAIN (from the Aryan root which appears in " may " and " might," and Lat. magnus, great)
• MAIN (Lat. Moenus)

main railway line—a means of transportation as important as the logging See also:

• RAIL

rail-ways of the Western states and of See also:

• CANADA

Canada . The largest granite quarries are near See also:

• BARRE
• BARRE, ISAAC (1726-1802)

Barre, Washington county, a See also:

• CITY (through Fr. cite, from Lat. civitas)

city which owes its importance to the quarries . The Barre granites, like those of See also:

• WOODBURY
• WOODBURY, CHARLES HERBERT (1864— )
• WOODBURY, LEVI (1789—1851)

Woodbury and See also:

• CALAIS

Calais (also in Washington county) and part of those of South Ryegate, See also:

• KIRBY, WILLIAM (1759–1850)

Kirby and See also:

• NEWARK
• NEWARK (NEWARK-UPON-TRENT)
• NEWARK, DAVID LESLIE, LORD (1601-1682)

Newark (See also:

• CALEDONIA

Caledonia county), are of the See also:

• BIOTITE

biotite type ; they are grey, except the stone from Newark, which is pinkish . Of the See also:

• QUARTZ

quartz-See also:

• MONZONITE

monzonite type are the whitish granites of See also:

• BETHEL (Heb. " House of God ")

Bethel and See also:

• ROCHESTER
• ROCHESTER, JOHN WILMOT, 2ND EARL
• ROCHESTER, LAWRENCE HYDE, EARL OF (1641-1711)

Rochester (Windsor county) and See also:

• RANDOLPH, EDMUND [JENNINGS] (1753–1813)
• RANDOLPH, JOHN (1773–1833)
• RANDOLPH, PEYTON (1721-1775)
• RANDOLPH, THOMAS (1523-1590)
• RANDOLPH, THOMAS (1605-1635)

Randolph See also:

• ORANGE
• ORANGE (Citrus Aurantium)
• ORANGE, HOUSE OF

Orange county), the See also:

• LIGHT

light grey of Dummerston (See also:

• WINDHAM, WILLIAM (1750-1810)

Windham county), and the darker greys of See also:

• CABOT, GEORGE (1751–1823)
• CABOT, JOHN [GIOVANNI CABOTO] (1450-1498)

Cabot (Washington county), See also:

• DERBY
• DERBY, EARLS OF

Derby (Orleans county), Hardwick and Groton (Caledonia county). and Topsham (Orange county) .

The olive green See also:

• SYENITE

syenite found on Mount Ascutney, near the Connecticut river, in Windsor county, is a hornblendeaugite . Other important granite quarries are near See also:

• WILLIAMSTOWN

Williamstown, Dummerston, See also:

• BERLIN
• BERLIN, CONGRESS AND TREATY OF
• BERLIN, ISAIAH (1725–1799)

Berlin and Woodbury . The total value of the output of granite in the state in 1908 was $2,451,933 . In 1908 the output of limestone was valued at $20,731 ; there are limestone quarries in Washington and Orange counties and on Isle La Motte . See also:

• SLATE (properly CLAY SLATE; in M. Eng. slat or sclat, from O. Fr. esclat, a small piece of wood used as a tile; esclater, to break into pieces, whence modern Fr. eclat, the root being seen also in Ger. schleissen, to split)

Slate-quarrying and cutting is carried on in the south-western part of the state, in Rutland county; there are important quarries at See also:

• FAIR

Fair Haven, Poultney, See also:

• CASTLETON

Castleton, See also:

• WELLS
• WELLS, CHARLES JEREMIAH (1798?–1879)
• WELLS, DAVID AMES (1828—1898)
• WELLS, HERBERT GEORGE (1866— )
• WELLS, SIR THOMAS SPENCER, 1ST BART

Wells and Pawlet . In Washing-ton county there are quarries near Northfield . The See also:

• INDUSTRY (Lat. industria, from indu-, a form of the pre, position in, and either stare, to stand, or struere, to pile up)

industry began about 184o, though one quarry had been opened as early as 1805 . There are two green varieties, called in the trade " sea-green " and " unfading green, " the former being used for a cheap roofing slate; and there are purplish varieties . In 1908,the value of slate produced was $1,710,491 (out of a total production for the United States of $6,316,817) . Manufactures.—The first important industry of the state was " rafting " lumber from Vermont through Lake Champlain and the See also:

• RICHELIEU, ARMAND EMMANUEL SOPHIE SEPTEMANIE DU PLESSIS
• RICHELIEU, ARMAND JEAN DU PLESSIS
• RICHELIEU, LOUIS FRANCOIS ARMAND DU PLESSIS

Richelieu and St Lawrence rivers to Quebec . Burlington became a great lumber See also:

• MARKET (Lat. mercatus, trade or place of trade)

market for a trade moving in the direction of See also:

• BOSTON
• BOSTON, THOMAS (1676-1732)

Boston after the Richelieu river was blocked to See also:

• NAVIGATION (from Lat. navis, ship, and agere, to move)

navigation and railway transportation began, and in 1882 Burlington was the third lumber centre in the United States . Mountain streams furnish important water-See also:

• POWER [WILLIAM GRATTAN] TYRONE (1797-1841)

power, and the typical factory of Vermont has long been a sawmill run by a water-See also:

• WHEEL (0. Eng. hweol, hweohl, &c., cognate with Icel. hjol, Dan. hiul, the Indo-European root is seen in Sanskrit chakra, Gr. r in Aos, circle, whence " cycle ")
• WHEEL, BREAKING ON THE

wheel .

The value of sawmill products in 1905 was $5,888,441, and of planing-See also:

• MILL
• MILL (O. Eng. mylen, later myln, or miln, adapted from the late Lat. molina, cf. Fr. moulin, from Lat. mola, a mill, molere, to grind; from the same root, mol, is derived " meal;" the word appears in other Teutonic languages, cf. Du. molen, Ger. muhle)
• MILL, JAMES (1773-1836)
• MILL, JOHN (c. 1645–1707)
• MILL, JOHN STUART (1806-1873)

mill products $3,080,117 . Closely connected with the manufacture of lumber is the making of See also:

• PAPER
• PAPER (Fr. papier, from Lat. papyrus)

paper and See also:

• WOOD, ANTHONY A2 (1632-1695)
• WOOD, JOHN GEORGE (1827—1889)
• WOOD, MRS HENRY [ELLEN] (1814—1887)
• WOOD, SEARLES VALENTINE (1798—188o)

wood pulp, centralized at See also:

• BELLOWS
• BELLOWS, ALBERT F
• BELLOWS, HENRY WHITNEY (1814-1882)

Bellows Falls, with water-power on the Connecticut river and with the raw materials near; the product was valued in 1905 at $3,831,448 . Dairy See also:

• INDUSTRIES

industries have rapidly increased in value: in 1905 the value of See also:

• BUTTER (Lat. butyrum, Gr. 0obrvpov, apparently connected with $ous, cow, and rvpbs, cheese, but, according to the New English Dictionary, perhaps of Scythian origin)

butter and See also:

• CHEESE (Lat. caseus)

cheese was $6,416,44, more than any other single industry under the See also:

• CENSUS (from Lat. censere, to estimate or assess; connected by some with centum, i.e. a count by hundreds)

census See also:

• CLASSIFICATION (Lat. classis, a class, probably from the root cal-, cla-, as in Gr. icaMce, clamor)