VERSAILLES  , a See also:

• TOWN

town of See also:

• NORTHERN

northern See also:

• FRANCE
• FRANCE, ANATOLE (1844– )

France, See also:

• CAPITAL (i.e. capital stock or fund)
• CAPITAL (Lat. caput, head)

capital of the See also:

• DEPARTMENT (Fr. departement, from departir, to separate into parts)

department of See also:

• SEINE
• SEINE (Lat. Sequana)
• SEINE, or SEAN (O. Fr. seigne, mod. seine, Lat. sagena, Gr. vaytivrl, a draw-net)

Seine-et-See also:

• OISE

Oise, 12 M. by road W.S.W. of See also:

• PARIS
• PARIS (also called ALEXANDROS)
• PARIS, ALEXIS PAULIN (1800-x881)
• PARIS, BRUNO PAULIN GASTON (1839-1903)
• PARIS, FRANCOIS DE (169o-1727)
• PARIS, LOUIS PHILIPPE ALBERT
• PARIS, TREATIES OF (1814-1815)

Paris, with which it is connected by See also:

• RAIL

rail and tram . Pop . (1906) town, 45,246; See also:

• COMMUNE (Med. Lat. communia, Lat. communis, common)
• COMMUNE, MEDIEVAL

commune, J4,820 . Versailles owes its existence to the See also:

• PALACE (Lat. Palatium, the name given by Augustus to his residence on the Palatine Hill)

palace built by See also:

• LOUIS
• LOUIS (804–876)
• LOUIS (893–911)
• LOUIS, JOSEPH DOMINIQUE, BARON (1755-1837)
• LOUIS, or LEWIS (from the Frankish Chlodowich, Chlodwig, Latinized as Chlodowius, Lodhuwicus, Lodhuvicus, whence-in the Strassburg oath of 842-0. Fr. Lodhuwigs, then Chlovis, Loys and later Louis, whence Span. Luiz and—through the Angevin kings—Hungarian

Louis XIV . It stands 46o ft. above the See also:

• SEA (in O. Eng. sae, a common Teutonic word; cf. Ger. See, Dutch Zee, &c.; the ultimate source is uncertain)
• SEA, COMMAND OF THE

sea, and its fresh healthy See also:

• AIR (from an Indo-European root meaning " breathe," " blow ")
• AIR, or ASBEN

air and nearness to the capital attract many residents . The three avenues of St See also:

• CLOUD (from the same root, if not the same word, as " clod," a word common in various forms to Teutonic languages for a mass or lump; it is first applied in the usual sense in the late 13th century; the Anglo-Saxon chid is only used in the sense of " a ma

Cloud, Paris and Sceaux converge in the See also:

• PLACE (through Fr. from Lat. platea, street; Gr. IrAar6s, wide)

Place d'Armes . Between them stand the former stables of the palace, now occupied by the See also:

• ARTILLERY (the O. Fr. artiller, to equip with engines of war, probably comes from Late Lat. articulum, dim. of ars, art, cf. " engine " from ingenium, or of artus, joint)

artillery and See also:

• ENGINEERS, MILITARY

engineers . To the See also:

• SOUTH
• SOUTH, ROBERT (1634–1716)

south lies the See also:

• QUARTER (through Fr. from Lat. quartarius, fourth part)

quarter of Satory, the See also:

• OLDEST

oldest See also:

• PART

part of Versailles, with the See also:

• CATHEDRAL

cathedral of St Louis, and to the See also:

• NORTH
• NORTH, BARONS
• NORTH, MARIANNE (1830—1890)
• NORTH, ROGER (1653-1734)
• NORTH, SIR THOMAS (1535?-16o1?)

north the new quarter, with the See also:

• CHURCH
• CHURCH (according to most authorities derived from the Gr. Kvpcaxov [&wµa], " the Lord's [house]," and common to many Teutonic, Slavonic and other languages under various forms—Scottish kirk, Ger. Kirche, Swed. kirka, Dan. kirke, Russ. tserkov, Buig. cerk
• CHURCH, FREDERICK EDWIN (1826-1900)
• CHURCH, GEORGE EARL (1835–1910)
• CHURCH, RICHARD WILLIAM (1815–189o)
• CHURCH, SIR RICHARD (1784–1873)

church of Notre See also:

• DAME
• DAME (through the Fr. from Lat. domina, mistress, lady, the feminine of dominus, master, lord)

Dame . To the See also:

• WEST
• WEST, BENJAMIN (1738-1820)
• WEST, NICHOLAS (1461-1533)

west a gilded 1 See See also:

• GAY, JOHN (1685-1732)
• GAY, MARIE FRANCOISE SOPHIE (1776-1852)
• GAY, WALTER (1856– )

Gay, See also:

• CART (A.S. crcet, Gaelic cairt; connected with " car ")

Cart. fined. i. p . 367 . See also:

• IRON [symbol Fe, atomic weight 55.85 (0=16)]

iron See also:

• GATE

gate and a See also:

• STONE
• STONE (0. Eng. shin; the word is common to Teutonic languages, cf. Ger. Stein, Du. steen, Dan. and Swed. sten; the root is also seen in Gr. aria, pebble)
• STONE, CHARLES POMEROY (1824-1887)
• STONE, EDWARD JAMES (1831-1897)
• STONE, FRANK (1800-1859)
• STONE, GEORGE (1708—1764)
• STONE, LUCY [BLACKWELL] (1818-1893)
• STONE, MARCUS (184o— )
• STONE, NICHOLAS (1586-1647)

stone See also:

• BALUSTRADE

balustrade shut off the See also:

• GREAT

great See also:

• COURT
• COURT (from the O. Fr. court, Late Lat. cortis, curtis, a popular form of class. Lat. cohors, gen. cohortis; the mod. Fr. form tour is due to the influence of the Lat. curia, the word used in medieval documents to translate " court " in the feudal sense)
• COURT, ANTOINE (1696-176o)

court of the palace from the Place d'Armes . In this court, which slopes upwards from the gate, stand statues of See also:

• RICHELIEU, ARMAND EMMANUEL SOPHIE SEPTEMANIE DU PLESSIS
• RICHELIEU, ARMAND JEAN DU PLESSIS
• RICHELIEU, LOUIS FRANCOIS ARMAND DU PLESSIS

Richelieu, See also:

• CONDE
• CONDE, LOUIS DE BOURBON, PRINCE
• CONDE, LOUIS II
• CONDE, PRINCES OF

Conde, Du Guesclin and other famous Frenchmen .

At the highest point there is an equestrian statue in See also:

• BRONZE

bronze of Louis XIV., and to the right and See also:

• LEFT

left of this stretch the See also:

• LONG, GEORGE (1800-1879)
• LONG, JOHN DAVIS (1838– )

long wings of the palace, while behind it extend the Cour Royale and the smaller Cour de Marbre, to the north, south and west of which rise the central buildings . The buildings clustered See also:

• ROUND (O. Fr. rond, Lat. rotundus, the Fr. is the source also of Du. rond; Ger., Swed., Dan. and Nor. rond)

round the Cour de Marbre, which include the apartments of Louis XIV., project into the gardens on the west considerably beyond the See also:

• REST (O. Eng. rest, reste, bed, cognate with other Teutonic forms, e.g. Ger. Rast, Riiste, rest, and probably Gothic Rasta, league, i.e. resting or stopping place)

rest of the See also:

• FACADE

facade . To the north the See also:

• CHAPEL

Chapel Court and to the south the Princes Court, with vaulted passages leading to the gardens, See also:

• SEPARATE

separate the See also:

• SIDE
• SIDE (mod. Eski Adalia)

side from the central buildings . On the other is the inscription, " A toutes See also:

• LES

les gloires de la France," which Louis Philippe justified by forming a collection of See also:

• WORKS

works of See also:

• ART

art (valued at £t,000,000), commemorating the great events and persons of See also:

• FRENCH
• FRENCH, DANIEL CHESTER (1850– )
• FRENCH, NICHOLAS (1604-1678)

French See also:

• HISTORY

history . The palace chapel (1696-171o), the roof of which can be seen from afar rising above the rest of the See also:

• BUILDING

building, was the last See also:

• WORK

work of J . See also:

• HARDOUIN, JEAN (1646-1729)

Hardouin-Mansart . The ground-See also:

• FLOOR (from O. Eng. flor, a word common to many Teutonic languages, cf. Dutch vloer, and Ger. Flur, a field, in the feminine, and a floor, masculine)

floor of the north wing on the See also:

• GARDEN (from O. Fr. garden, mod. Fr. jardin; this, like our words " garth," a paddock attached to a building, and " yard," comes from a Teutonic word for an enclosure which appears in Gothic as gards and O. H. Ger. gart, cf. Dutch gaarde and Ger. .garten)

garden side contains eleven halls of See also:

• HISTORICAL

historical pictures from See also:

• CLOVIS [Chlodovech] (c. 466-511)

Clovis to Louis XVI., and on the side of the interior courts a See also:

• GALLERY (through Ital. galleria, from Med. Lat. galeria, of which the origin is unknown)

gallery containing casts of royal funereal monuments . The Halls of the See also:

• CRUSADES

Crusades open off this gallery, and are decorated with the arms of crusaders and with See also:

• MODERN

modern pictures dealing with that See also:

• PERIOD
• PERIOD (Gr. irepioSos, a going or way round, circuit, aepi, round, and &Sis, way, road)

period . On the first floor of the north wing on the garden side are ten halls of pictures commemorating historical events from 1795 to 1830; on the court side is the Gallery of See also:

• SCULPTURE
• SCULPTURE (Lat. sculptura, from sculpere, to carve, cognate with Gr. yXb4ew)

Sculpture, which contains the See also:

• JOAN

Joan of Arc of the princess See also:

• MARIE

Marie of See also:

• ORLEANS
• ORLEANS, CHARLES, DUKE OF (1391-1465)
• ORLEANS, DUKES OF
• ORLEANS, FERDINAND PHILIP LOUIS CHARLES HENRY, DUKE OF (1810-1842)
• ORLEANS, HENRI, PRINCE
• ORLEANS, HENRIETTA, DUCHESS
• ORLEANS, JEAN BAPTISTE GASTON, DUKE
• ORLEANS, LOUIS
• ORLEANS, LOUIS PHILIPPE JOSEPH
• ORLEANS, LOUIS PHILIPPE ROBERT, DUKE
• ORLEANS, LOUIS PHILIPPE, DUKE OF (1725–1785)
• ORLEANS, LOUIS, DUKE OF (1372–1407)
• ORLEANS, PHILIP I
• ORLEANS, PHILIP II

Orleans; and there are seven halls chiefly devoted to French See also:

• CAMPAIGNS

campaigns and generals in See also:

• AFRICA
• AFRICA, ROMAN

Africa, See also:

• ITALY
• ITALY (Italia)

Italy, the See also:

• CRIMEA (ancient Tauris or Tauric Chersonese, called by the Russians by the Tatar name Krym or Crim)

Crimea and See also:

• MEXICO
• MEXICO (Span. Mejico, or Mexico,)
• MEXICO, FEDERAL DISTRICT OF
• MEXICO, GULF OF

Mexico, with some famous See also:

• WAR
• WAR (O. Eng. werre, Fr. guerre, of Teutonic origin; cf. O.H.G. werran, to confound)

war pictures by See also:

• HORACE [QuINTus HORATIUS FLACCUS] (65-8 B.C.)

Horace See also:

• VERNET

Vernet . The second See also:

• STOREY (equivalents are Fr. etage, Ital. piano, Ger. Stock)

storey has a portrait gallery . In the north wing is also the See also:

• THEATRE (BEarpov, " a place for seeing," from OeacOae)

theatre built under Louis XV. by Jacques-Ange See also:

• GABRIEL (Heb. SKns, man of God)

Gabriel, which was first used on the 16th of May 1770 on the See also:

• MARRIAGE

marriage of the dauphin (afterwards Louis XVI.) and Marie Antoinette . Here, on the 2nd of See also:

• OCTOBER

October 1789, the celebrated banquet was given to the Gardes du See also:

• CORPS (pronounced as in French, from which it is taken, being a late spelling of tors, from Lat. corpus, a body; cf. " corpse ")

Corps, the toasts at which provoked the riots that drove the royal See also:

• FAMILY

family from Versailles; and here the See also:

• NATIONAL

National See also:

• ASSEMBLY, UNLAWFUL

Assembly met from the loth of See also:

• MARCH
• MARCH (1) (from Fr. marcher, to walk; the earliest sense in French appears to be " to trample," and the origin has usually been found in the Lat. marcus, hammer; Low Lat. marcare, to hammer; hence to beat the road with the regular tread of a soldier: cf.
• MARCH, AUZIAS (c. "1395-1458)
• MARCH, EARLS OF
• MARCH, FRANCIS ANDREW (1825– )

March 1871 till the See also:

• PROCLAMATION (Lat. proclamare, to make public by announcement)

proclamation of the constitution in 1875, and the See also:

• SENATE (Lat. senatus, from root sen-, as in senex, old; the root is the Sanskrit sana, cf. Gr. 'vos; the same element appears in senor, seigneur, seneschal)

Senate from the 8th of March 1876 till the return of the two See also:

• CHAMBERS (the Fr. chambre, from Lat. camera, a room)
• CHAMBERS, EPHRAIM (d. 1740)
• CHAMBERS, GEORGE (1803-1840)
• CHAMBERS, ROBERT (18oz-1871)
• CHAMBERS, SIR WILLIAM (1726-1796)

chambers to Paris in 1879 .

On the ground-floor of the central buildings are the halls of celebrated warriors (once the anteroom of Madame de See also:

• POMPADOUR, JEANNE ANTOINETTE POISSON LE NORMANT

Pompadour), marshals, constables and admirals, and the See also:

• SUITE (Suite de pieces; Ordre; Partita)

suite of rooms known as the Dauphin's Apartments, now given up to historical portraits . The Galerie Basse, once known as the Gallery of Louis XIII., leads to the rooms surrounding the See also:

• MARBLE (from Lat. marmor, Gr. pApµapos, shining stone)

Marble Court, a See also:

• SERIES (a Latin word from serere, to join)

series of which contains many plans of battles . The lobbies of the ground-floor are full of busts, statues and tombs of See also:

• KINGS, FIRST AND SECOND BOOKS OF

kings and celebrated men . The famous staterooms are on the first floor . On the garden side, facing the north, are a series of seven halls, some of them decorated with tapestries representing the See also:

• LIFE

life of Louis XIV . Among them may be mentioned the See also:

• HALL
• HALL (generally known as SCHWABISCH-HALL, tc distinguish it from the small town of Hall in Tirol and Bad-Hall, a health resort in Upper Austria)
• HALL (O.E. heall, a common Teutonic word, cf. Ger. Halle)
• HALL, BASIL (1788-1844)
• HALL, CARL CHRISTIAN (1812–1888)
• HALL, CHARLES FRANCIS (1821-1871)
• HALL, CHRISTOPHER NEWMAN (1816—19oz)
• HALL, EDWARD (c. 1498-1547)
• HALL, FITZEDWARD (1825-1901)
• HALL, ISAAC HOLLISTER (1837-1896)
• HALL, JAMES (1793–1868)
• HALL, JAMES (1811–1898)
• HALL, JOSEPH (1574-1656)
• HALL, MARSHALL (1790-1857)
• HALL, ROBERT (1764-1831)
• HALL, SAMUEL CARTER (5800-5889)
• HALL, SIR JAMES (1761-1832)
• HALL, WILLIAM EDWARD (1835-1894)

Hall of See also:

• HERCULES
• HERCULES (0. Lat. Hercoles, Hercles)

Hercules, till 1710 the upper See also:

• HALF

half of the old chapel, where the See also:

• DUKES
• DUKES, LEOPOLD (1810-1891)

dukes of See also:

• CHARTRES

Chartres, See also:

• MAINE
• MAINE, ANNE LOUISE BENEDICTE DE BOURBON
• MAINE, SIR HENRY JAMES SUMNER (1822–1888)

Maine and See also:

• BURGUNDY

Burgundy were married, and See also:

• BOSSUET, JAQUES BENIGNE (1627-1704)

Bossuet, See also:

• MASSILLON
• MASSILLON, JEAN BAPTISTE (1663-1742)

Massillon and See also:

• BOURDALOUE, LOUIS (1632-1704)

Bourdaloue preached; the Hall of See also:

• MERCURY
• MERCURY (MERCU1uus)
• MERCURY (symbol Hg, atomic weight = 2oo)

Mercury, where the See also:

• COFFIN (from Lat. cophinus, Gr. K64wos, a coffer, chest or basket, but never meaning " coffin " in its present sense)

coffin of Louis XIV. stood for eight days after his See also:

• DEATH

death; and the Hall of See also:

• APOLLO (Gr. 'A2r6XXwv,'Airkkhwv)

Apollo, or See also:

• THRONE

throne See also:

• ROOM

room . To the front of the palace, facing the west, are the Galleries of War and See also:

• PEACE
• PEACE, BREACH OF THE

Peace, with allegorical pictures, and the See also:

• GLASS
• GLASS (O.E. glees, cf. Ger. Glas, perhaps derived from an old Teutonic root gla-, a variant of glo-, having the general sense of shining, cf. " glare," " glow ")
• GLASS, STAINED

Glass Gallery, built by Mansart in 1678 (235 ft. long, 35 wide and 42 high), having 34 See also:

• ARCHES, COURT OF

arches, 17 of which are filled with windows looking on the gardens and 17 with large mirrors . The gallery is overloaded with See also:

• ORNAMENT (Lat. ornare, to adorn)

ornament, and the pictures by See also:

• CHARLES
• CHARLES (1270-1325)
• CHARLES (1421-1461)
• CHARLES (1525-1574)
• CHARLES (c. 1319-1364)
• CHARLES (Fr. Charles; Span. Carlos; Ital. Carlo; Ger. Karl; derived from O.H.G. Charal,latinized as Carolus, meaning originally " man ": cf. Mod.Ger., Kerl," fellow," A.S. ceorl, Mod. Eng. " churl ")
• CHARLES (KARL EITEL ZEPHYRIN LUDWIG; in Rum. CAROL)
• CHARLES [KARL ALEXANDER] (1712-1780)
• CHARLES, ELIZABETH (1828-1896)
• CHARLES, JACQUES ALEXANDRE CESAR (1746-1823)
• CHARLES, THOMAS (1755-1814)

Charles See also:

• LEBRUN, CHARLES FRANCCOIS
• LEBRUN, PIERRE ANTOINE (1785–1873)
• LEBRUN, PONCE DENIS ECOUCHARD (1729-1807)

Lebrun, the trophies and figures of See also:

• CHILDREN, LAW RELATING TO

children by See also:

• ANTOINE, ANDRE (1858- )

Antoine See also:

• COYSEVOX,

Coysevox, and the See also:

• INSCRIPTIONS (from Lat. inscribere, to write upon)

inscriptions attributed to Boileau and See also:

• RACINE
• RACINE, JEAN (1639-1699)
• RACINE, LOUIS (1692-1763)

Racine, all glorify Louis XIV . This gallery was used by him as a throne room on See also:

• STATE
• STATE, GREAT OFFICERS OF

state occasions . Here the See also:

• KING
• KING (O. Eng. cyning, abbreviated into cyng, cing; cf. O. H. G. chun- kuning, chun- kunig, M.H.G. kiinic, kiinec, kiinc, Mod. Ger. Konig, O. Norse konungr, kongr, Swed. konung, kung)
• KING [OF OCKHAM], PETER KING, 1ST BARON (1669-1734)
• KING, CHARLES WILLIAM (1818-1888)
• KING, CLARENCE (1842–1901)
• KING, EDWARD (1612–1637)
• KING, EDWARD (1829–1910)
• KING, HENRY (1591-1669)
• KING, RUFUS (1755–1827)
• KING, THOMAS (1730–1805)
• KING, WILLIAM (1650-1729)
• KING, WILLIAM (1663–1712)

king of See also:

• PRUSSIA
• PRUSSIA (Ger. Preussen; Lat. Borussia)

Prussia was proclaimed See also:

• EMPEROR (Fr. empereur, from the Lat. imperator)

emperor of See also:

• GERMANY
• GERMANY (Ger. Deutschland)

Germany on the 18th of See also:

• JANUARY

January 1871 . Connected with the Gallery of Peace are the queens apartments, occupied successively by Marie Therese, Marie Leczinska and Marie Antoinette, where the duchess of Angoulenie was See also:

• BORN, IGNAZ, EDLER VON (1742–1791)

born, the duchess of Burgundy died, and Marie Antoinette was almost assassinated on the 6th of October 1789 . Behind the Glass Gallery on the side of the court are the rooms of Louis XIV .

The Eil de Bceuf, named from its See also:

• OVAL (Lat. ovum, egg)

oval window, was the anteroom where the courtiers waited till the king See also:

• ROSE
• ROSE (Rosa)
• ROSE, GEORGE (1744-1818)
• ROSE, HUGH JAMES (1795—1838)
• ROSE, WILLIAM STEWART (1775-1843)

rose . In it is a picture representing Louis XIV. and his family as Olympian deities; and it leads to the bedroom in which Louis XIV. died, after using it from 1701, and which Louis XV. occupied from 1722 to 1738 . In the south wing of the palace, on the ground-floor, is the Gallery of the See also:

• REPUBLIC (Lat. respublica, a commonweal or common-wealth)

Republic and the First See also:

• EMPIRE

Empire, the rooms of which contain paintings of scenes in the life of See also:

• NAPOLEON

Napoleon I . A sculpture gallery contains busts of celebrated scholars, artists, generals and public men from the See also:

• TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
• TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
• TIME, STANDARD

time of Louis XVI. onwards . In the south wing is also the room where the Chamber See also:

• CLAY (from O. Eng. claeg, a word common in various forms to Teutonic languages, cf. Ger. Klei)
• CLAY, CASSIUS MARCELLUS (1810-1903)
• CLAY, CHARLES (1801–1893)
• CLAY, FREDERIC (1838–1889)
• CLAY, HENRY (1777–1852)

Clay See also:

• SKETCH (directly adapted from Dutch schets, which was taken from Ital. schizzo, a rough draft, Lat. schedium, something hastily made, Gr. oxE&os, sudden, off-hand, axeb6v, near by; Ger. Skizze and Fr. esquisse are from the same source)

sketch for the See also:

• MONUMENT (Lat. monumentum or monumentum; from monere, to advise, bring to mind, remind; the German equivalent is Denkmal)

monument of See also:

• CARDINAL (Lat. cardinalis)

Cardinal Forteguerra, showing the kneeling portrait of the cardinal, which is not in the actual monument; a very poor modern figure occupies its place .