AMERIGO See also:

• AMERIGO VESPUCCI (1451—1512)

VESPUCCI (1451—1512)  , See also:

• MERCHANT (O. Fr. marcheant, modern marchand; from Lat. mercari, to trade, merx, goods, merchandise)

merchant and adventurer, who gave his name of Amerigo to the new See also:

• WORLD

world as See also:

• AMERICA

America, was See also:

• BORN, IGNAZ, EDLER VON (1742–1791)

born at See also:

• FLORENCE
• FLORENCE (Ital. Firenze, Lat. Florentia)

Florence on the 9th of See also:

• MARCH
• MARCH (1) (from Fr. marcher, to walk; the earliest sense in French appears to be " to trample," and the origin has usually been found in the Lat. marcus, hammer; Low Lat. marcare, to hammer; hence to beat the road with the regular tread of a soldier: cf.
• MARCH, AUZIAS (c. "1395-1458)
• MARCH, EARLS OF
• MARCH, FRANCIS ANDREW (1825– )

March 1451 . His See also:

• FATHER

father, Nastagio (Anastasio) See also:

• VESPUCCI, AMERIGO (1451—1512)

Vespucci, was a See also:

• NOTARY, or NOTARY PUBLIC

notary, and his See also:

• UNCLE

uncle, Fra Giorgio See also:

• ANTONIO
• ANTONIO (1429—1498)
• ANTONIO, NICOLAS (1617-1684)

Antonio Vespucci, to whom he owed his See also:

• EDUCATION

education, was a scholarly Dominican and a friend of See also:

• SAVONAROLA, GIROLAMO (1452-1498)

Savonarola . As a student Amerigo is said to have shown a preference for natural See also:

• PHILOSOPHY (Gr. gthos, fond of, and vo4 (a, wisdom)

philosophy, See also:

• ASTRONOMY (from Gr. &arpov, a star, and v ,usiv, to classify or arrange)

astronomy and See also:

• GEOGRAPHY (Gr. yil, earth, and ypiickty, to write)

geography, He was placed as a clerk in the See also:

• GREAT

great commercial See also:

• HOUSE
• HOUSE (O. Eng. hiss, a word common to Teutonic languages, cf. Dut. huis, Ger. Haus; in Gothic it is only found in gudhiss, a temple; it may be ultimately connected with the root of " hide," conceal)

house of the See also:

• MEDICI
• MEDICI, GIACOMO (1817-1882)

Medici, then the ruling See also:

• FAMILY

family in Florence . A See also:

• LETTER (through Fr. lettre from Lat. littera or litera, letter of the alphabet; the origin of the Latin word is obscure; it has probably no connexion with the root of linere, to smear, i.e. with wax, for an inscription with a stilus)

letter of the 3oth of See also:

• DECEMBER (Lat. decent, ten)

December 1492 shows that he was then in See also:

• SEVILLE
• SEVILLE (Span. Sevilla, Lat. Ispalis or Hispalis, Moorish Ishbiliya)

Seville; and till the See also:

• LATH (0. Eng. laett, Mid. Eng. lappe, a form possibly due to the Welsh llath; the word appears in many Teutonic languages, cf. Dutch lat, Ger. Latte, and has passed into Romanic, cf. Ital. latta, Fr. latte)

lath of See also:

• JANUARY

January 1496 he seems to have usually resided in See also:

• SPAIN
• SPAIN (Espana)

Spain, especially at Seville and See also:

• CADIZ
• CADIZ (Cadiz)
• CADIZ (in Lat. Gades, and formerly called Cales by the English)

Cadiz, probably as an See also:

• AGENT (from Lat. agere, to act)

agent of the Medici . In December 1495, on the See also:

• DEATH

death of a Florentine merchant, Juanoto Berardi, established at Seville, who had fitted out the second expedition of Columlius in 1493, and had also under-taken to See also:

• FIT

fit out twelve See also:

• SHIPS

ships for the See also:

• KING
• KING (O. Eng. cyning, abbreviated into cyng, cing; cf. O. H. G. chun- kuning, chun- kunig, M.H.G. kiinic, kiinec, kiinc, Mod. Ger. Konig, O. Norse konungr, kongr, Swed. konung, kung)
• KING [OF OCKHAM], PETER KING, 1ST BARON (1669-1734)
• KING, CHARLES WILLIAM (1818-1888)
• KING, CLARENCE (1842–1901)
• KING, EDWARD (1612–1637)
• KING, EDWARD (1829–1910)
• KING, HENRY (1591-1669)
• KING, RUFUS (1755–1827)
• KING, THOMAS (1730–1805)
• KING, WILLIAM (1650-1729)
• KING, WILLIAM (1663–1712)

king of Spain (See also:

• APRIL

April 9th, 1495), Vespucci was commissioned to See also:

• COMPLETE

complete the See also:

• CONTRACT
• CONTRACT (Lat. contract us, from contrahere, to draw together, to bind)

contract . As See also:

• FERDINAND
• FERDINAND (1577-1650)
• FERDINAND (COLOGNE)
• FERDINAND (Span. Fernando or Hernando; Ital. Ferdinando or Ferrante; in O. H. Ger. Herinand, i.e. " brave in the host," from O. H. G. Heri, "army," A. S. here, Mod. Ger. Heer, and the Goth. nan]jan, " to dare ")
• FERDINAND, MAXIMILIAN KARL LEOPOLD MARIA

Ferdinand, on the loth of April 1495, recalled the See also:

• MONOPOLY (Gr. govomeXla or govoircaXwv, exclusive sale, from govds, alone, and irwXeiv, to sell)

monopoly conceded to See also:

• COLUMBUS
• COLUMBUS, CHRISTOPHER [in Spanish CRISTOBAL COLON] (c. 1446, or perhaps rather 1451, -15o6)

Columbus (this See also:

• ORDER
• ORDER (through Fr. ordre, for earlier ordene, from Lat. ordo, ordinis, rank, service, arrangement; the ultimate source is generally taken to be the root seen in Lat. oriri, rise, arise, begin; cf. " origin ")
• ORDER, HOLY

order of April loth, 1495, was cancelled on See also:

• JUNE

June 2nd, 1497), " private " exploring now had an opportunity, and adventurers of all kinds were able to leave Spain for the See also:

• WEST
• WEST, BENJAMIN (1738-1820)
• WEST, NICHOLAS (1461-1533)

West . Vespucci claims to have sailed with one of these " See also:

• FREE

free-See also:

• LANCE

lance " expeditions from Cadiz on the loth of May 1497 . Touching at See also:

• GRAND

Grand See also:

• CANARY
• CANARY (Serinus canarius)

Canary on the way, the four vessels he accompanied, going See also:

• THIRTY

thirty-seven days on a west-See also:

• SOUTH
• SOUTH, ROBERT (1634–1716)

south-west course, and making l000 leagues, are said to have reached a supposed See also:

• CONTINENTAL

continental See also:

• COAST (from Lat. costa, a rib, side)

coast in 16° N., 7o° W. from Grand Canary (June 16th, 1497) . This should have brought them into the Pacific . They sailed along the coast, says Vespucci, for 8o leagues to the See also:

• PROVINCE
• PROVINCE (Lat. provincia; perhaps a contraction of providentia)

province of Parias (or Lariab), and then 87o leagues more, always to the See also:

• NORTH
• NORTH, BARONS
• NORTH, MARIANNE (1830—1890)
• NORTH, ROGER (1653-1734)
• NORTH, SIR THOMAS (1535?-16o1?)

north-west, to the " finest See also:

• HARBOUR (from M.E. hereberge, here, an army; cf. Ger. Heer and -beorg, protection or shelter. Other early forms in English were herberwe and haiborow, as seen in various place names, such as Market Harborough.. The French auberge, an inn, derived through

harbour in the world," which from this description should be in See also:

• BRITISH

British See also:

• COLUMBIA

Columbia or thereabouts . Thence See also:

• ROC

roc leagues more to north and north-See also:

• EAST
• EAST, ALFRED (1849- )

east to the islands of the See also:

• PEOPLE

people called " Iti," from which they returned to Spain, reaching Cadiz on the 15th of See also:

• OCTOBER

October 1498 . Still following Vespucci's own statement, he, on the 16th of May 1499, started on a second voyage in a See also:

• FLEET

fleet of three ships under Alonzo de Ojeda (Hojeda) .

Sailing south-west over 500 leagues they crossed the ocean in See also:

• FORTY

forty-four days, finding See also:

• LAND

land in 5° S . Thence, encountering various adventures, they worked up to 15° N., and returned to Spain by way of Antiglia (Espanola, See also:

• SAN

San Domingo), reaching Cadiz on the 8th of See also:

• SEPTEMBER (Lat. septem, seven)

September 15oo . Entering the service of Dom See also:

• MANUEL, EUGENE (1823–1901)
• MANUEL, JACQUES ANTOINE (1775-1827)
• MANUEL, LOUIS PIERRE (1751-1793)

Manuel of See also:

• PORTUGAL

Portugal, Vespucci claims to have taken See also:

• PART

part in a third See also:

• AMERICAN

American expedition, which See also:

• LEFT

left See also:

• LISBON (Lisboa)

Lisbon on the loth (or 15th) of May 15oi . Vespucci has given two accounts of this alleged third voyage, differing in many details, especially See also:

• DATES

dates and distances . From Portugal he declares that he sailed to Bezeguiche (Cape Verde), and thence south-west for 700 leagues, reaching the American coast in 5° S. on the 7th (or 17th) of See also:

• AUGUST (originally Sextilis)

August . Thence eastward for 300 (150) leagues, and south and west to 52° S . (or 73° 3o'; in his own words, " r3° from the See also:

• ANTARCTIC
• ANTARCTIC (Gr. &vri, opposite, and apKTos, the Bear, the northern constellation of Ursa Major)

antarctic See also:

• POLE (FAMILY)
• POLE, REGINALD (1500-1558)
• POLE, RICHARD DE LA (d. 1525)
• POLE, WILLIAM (1814—1900)

pole," i.e. well into the antarctic See also:

• CONTINENT (from Lat. continere, "to hold together "; hence " connected," " continuous ")

continent) . He returned, he adds, by Sierra Leone (June loth), and the See also:

• AZORES (Acores), or WESTERN ISLANDS

Azores (end of See also:

• JULY

July), to Lisbon (September 7th, 1502) . His second Portuguese (and See also:

• FOURTH

fourth and last American) voyage, as alleged by him, was destined for Malacca, which he supposed to be in 330 S . (really in 2° 14' N.) . Starting from Lisbon on the loth of May 1503, with a fleet of six ships, and reaching See also:

• BAHIA

Bahia by way of Fernando Noronha (?), Vespucci declares that he built a fort at a harbour in 18° S., and thence returned to Lisbon (June 18th, 1504) . In See also:

• FEBRUARY

February 1505, being again in Spain, he visited See also:

• CHRISTOPHER, SAINT (Christophorus, Christoferus)

Christopher Columbus, who entrusted to him a letter for his son Diego .

On the 24th of April 1505, Vespucci received See also:

• SPANISH

Spanish letters of See also:

• NATURALIZATION

naturalization; and on the 6th of August 1508 was appointed piloto See also:

• MAYOR (Lat. major, greater)
• MAYOR, JOHN EYTON BICKERSTETH (1825– )

mayor or See also:

• CHIEF (from Fr. chef, head, Lat. caput)

chief See also:

• PILOT

pilot of Spain, an See also:

• OFFICE (from Lat. officium, " duty," " service," a shortened form of opifacium, from facere, " to do," and either the stem of opes, " wealth," " aid," or opus, " work ")

office which he held till his death, at Seville, on the 22nd of February 1512 . If his own See also:

• ACCOUNT
• ACCOUNT (through O. Fr. acont, Late Lat. comptum, cornputare, to calculate)

account had been trustworthy, it would have followed that Vespucci reached the mainland of America eight days before See also:

• JOHN
• JOHN (1167–1216)
• JOHN (1290-c. 1320)
• JOHN (1296-1346)
• JOHN (1371–1419)
• JOHN (1468-1532)
• JOHN (1801-1873)
• JOHN (Heb. llni')
• JOHN (ZAPOLYA) (1487-1540)
• JOHN, 4TH MARQUESS OF TWEEDDALE (c. 1695-1762)
• JOHN, DON (1545-1578)
• JOHN, DON (1629–1679)
• JOHN, GOSPEL OF ST
• JOHN, or HAYS (1513–1571)
• JOHN, THE APOSTLE
• JOHN, THE EPISTLES OF

John See also:

• CABOT, GEORGE (1751–1823)
• CABOT, JOHN [GIOVANNI CABOTO] (1450-1498)

Cabot (June 16th against June 24th, 1497) . But Vespucci's own statement of his exploring achievements hardly carries conviction . This statement is contained (i.) in his letter written from Lisbon (March or April 1503) to Lorenzo See also:

• PIERO (1443—1496)

Piero See also:

• FRANCESCO
• FRANCESCO, 210

Francesco di Medici, the See also:

• HEAD (in 0. Eng. heafad; the word is common to Teutonic languages; cf. Dutch hoofd, Ger. Haupt, generally taken to be in origin connected with Lat. caput, Gr. KerbOvi7)
• HEAD, SIR EDMUND WALKER, BART
• HEAD, SIR FRANCIS BOND, BART

head of the See also:

• FIRM

firm under which his business career had been mostly spent, describing the alleged Portuguese voyage of March 15or—September 1502 . The See also:

• ORIGINAL

original See also:

• ITALIAN

Italian See also:

• TEXT (Lat. textum, woven fabric, from texere, to weave)

text is lost, but we possess the Latin See also:

• TRANSLATION

translation by " Jocundus interpreter," perhaps the Giocondo who brought his invitation to Portugal in 1501 . This letter was printed (in some nine See also:

• EDITIONS

editions) soon after it was written, the first two issues (Mundus Novus and Epistola Albericii de Novo See also:

• MUNCIE

Muncie), without See also:

• PLACE (through Fr. from Lat. platea, street; Gr. IrAar6s, wide)

place or date, appearing before 1504, the third, of 1504 (Mundus Nevus), at See also:

• AUGSBURG
• AUGSBURG, CONFESSION OF
• AUGSBURG, WAR OF THE LEAGUE OF

Augsburg . Two very See also:

• EARLY
• EARLY, JUBAL ANDERSON (1816-1894)

early See also:

• PARIS
• PARIS (also called ALEXANDROS)
• PARIS, ALEXIS PAULIN (1800-x881)
• PARIS, BRUNO PAULIN GASTON (1839-1903)
• PARIS, FRANCOIS DE (169o-1727)
• PARIS, LOUIS PHILIPPE ALBERT
• PARIS, TREATIES OF (1814-1815)

Paris editions are also known, and one See also:

• STRASSBURG, or STRASBURG (French Strasbourg)

Strassburg (De Ora Antarctica) of 15o5, edited by E . Ringmann . It was also included in the Paesi novamente retrovati of 1507 (See also:

• VICENZA

Vicenza) under the See also:

• TITLE (0. Fr. title, mod. titre, from Lat. titulus)

title of Novo Mondo da See also:

• ALB (Lat. alba, from albus, white)

Alb . Vesputio . The connexion of the new world with Vespucci, thus expressed, is derived from the See also:

• ARGUMENT

argument of this first letter, that it was right to See also:

• CALL (from Anglo-Saxon ceallian, a common Teutonic word, cf. Dutch kallen, to talk or chatter)

call Amerigo's See also:

• DISCOVERY

discovery a new world, because it had not been seen before by any one . This prepared the way for the American name soon given to the continent .

(ii.) In Vespucci's letter, also written from Portugal (September 1504), and probably addressed to his old school-See also:

• FELLOW

fellow Piero See also:

• SODERINI, PIERO (1450-1513)

Soderini, gonfaloniere of Florence 1502—1512 . From the Italian original (of which four printed copies still exist, without place or date, but probably before 1507) a See also:

• FRENCH
• FRENCH, DANIEL CHESTER (1850– )
• FRENCH, NICHOLAS (1604-1678)

French version was made; and from the latter a Latin translation, published at St See also:

• DIE
• DIE (Fr. de, from Lat. datum, given)

Die in See also:

• LORRAINE

Lorraine in April 1507, and immediately made use of in the Cosmographiae Introductio (St Die, 1507) of See also:

• MARTIN (Martinus)
• MARTIN, BON LOUIS HENRI (1810-1883)
• MARTIN, CLAUD (1735-1800)
• MARTIN, FRANCOIS XAVIER (1762-1846)
• MARTIN, HOMER DODGE (1836-1897)
• MARTIN, JOHN (1789-1854)
• MARTIN, LUTHER (1748-1826)
• MARTIN, SIR THEODORE (1816-1909)
• MARTIN, SIR WILLIAM FANSHAWE (1801–1895)
• MARTIN, ST (c. 316-400)
• MARTIN, WILLIAM (1767-1810)

Martin Waldseemuller (Hylacomylus), See also:

• PROFESSOR (the Latin noun formed from the verb profiteri, to declare publicly, to acknowledge, profess)

professor of cosmography in St Die University . Here we have perhaps the first See also:

• SUGGESTION

suggestion in a printed See also:

• BOOK

book that the newly discovered fourth part of the world should be called " America, because See also:

• AMERICUS

Americus discovered it." Since See also:

• ALEXANDER
• ALEXANDER (1461-1506)
• ALEXANDER (ALEXANDER OF BATTENBERG) (1857-1893)
• ALEXANDER (ALEXANDER OsxENOVici) (1876-1903)
• ALEXANDER, ARCHIBALD (1772—1851)
• ALEXANDER, FRANCIS (1800—1881)
• ALEXANDER, GEORGE (1858— )
• ALEXANDER, JOHN WHITE (1856- )
• ALEXANDER, JOSEPH ADDISON (18o9—186o)
• ALEXANDER, SIR JAMES EDWARD (1803—1885)
• ALEXANDER, WILLIAM (1824— )
• ALEXANDER, WILLIAM LINDSAY (1808—1884)

Alexander von See also:

• HUMBOLDT, FRIEDRICH HEINRICH ALEXANDER, BARON
• HUMBOLDT, KARL WILHELM VON (1767-1835)

Humboldt discussed thesubject in his Examen critique de l'histoire de la geographie .du nouveau continent (1837), vol. iv., the See also:

• GENERAL
• GENERAL (Lat. generalis, of or relating to a genus, kind or class)

general See also:

• WEIGHT

weight of See also:

• OPINION (Lat. opinio, from opinari, to think)

opinion (in spite of F . A. de Varnhagen, Amerigo Vespucci, son caractere, ses ecrits . . . sa See also:

• VIE

vie . . . , See also:

• LIMA

Lima, 1865, and other See also:

• PRO

pro-Vespuccian See also:

• WORKS

works) has been that Vespucci did not make the 1497 voyage, and that he had no See also:

• SHARE (O. Eng. scearu, chiefly in compounds, e.g. land-scearu, a share of land, from sceran to cut; cf. " shear" )

share in the first discovery of the American continent . See also R . H . See also:

• MAJOR
• MAJOR (Lat. for " greater ")
• MAJOR (or MAIR), JOHN (1470-1550)

Major, See also:

• PRINCE
• PRINCE (Lat. princeps, from primus capio, " I am the first to take "; Ital. principe, Fr. prince)

Prince See also:

• HENRY
• HENRY (1129-1195)
• HENRY (c. 1108-1139)
• HENRY (c. 1174–1216)
• HENRY (Fr. Henri; Span. Enrique; Ger. Heinrich; Mid. H. Ger. Heinrich and Heimrich; O.H.G. Haimi- or Heimirih, i.e. " prince, or chief of the house," from O.H.G. heim, the Eng. home, and rih, Goth. reiks; compare Lat. rex " king "—" rich," therefore " mig
• HENRY, EDWARD LAMSON (1841– )
• HENRY, JAMES (1798-1876)
• HENRY, JOSEPH (1797-1878)
• HENRY, MATTHEW (1662-1714)
• HENRY, PATRICK (1736–1799)
• HENRY, PRINCE OF BATTENBERG (1858-1896)
• HENRY, ROBERT (1718-1790)
• HENRY, VICTOR (1850– )
• HENRY, WILLIAM (1795-1836)

Henry the Navigator (See also:

• LONDON

London, 1868), pp . 367—88; F . A. de Varnhagen, Le Premier voyage de Amerigo Vespucci (See also:

• VIENNA (Ger. Wien; Lat. Vindobona)
• VIENNA, CONGRESS OF (1814-1815)

Vienna, 1869) ; Nouvelles recherches sur See also:

• LES

les derniers voyages du navigateur florentin (Vienna, 1869) ; Ainda Amerigo Vespucci, Neves estudos (Vienna, 1874) ; See also:

• LUIGI

Luigi See also:

• HUGUES, CLOVIS (1851-1907)

Hugues, Il terzo viaggio di A .

Vespucci (Florence, 1878) ; " Alcune considerazioni sul See also:

• PRIME, PRIMER AND PRIMING

Prime Viaggio di A . Vespucci," in the Bolletino of the Italian See also:

• GEOGRAPHICAL

Geographical Society, See also:

• SERIES (a Latin word from serere, to join)

series ii. vol. x. pp . 248-63, 367—80 (See also:

• ROME
• ROME (Roma)

Rome, 1885) ; " Il See also:

• QUARTO

quarto Viaggio di A . Vespucci," in the same Bolletino, See also:

• YEAR

year xx., vol. See also:

• XXIII

xxiii. pp . 532—54 (Rome, 1886) ; " Sul See also:

• NOME

nome' America ' in the same Bolletino, series iii. vol. i. pp . 404—27, 515—30 (Rome, 1888), and an earlier study under the same title (See also:

• TURIN

Turin, 1886) ; " Sopra due lettere di A . Vespucci," in the same, series iii. vol. iv. pp . 849—72, 929—51 (Rome, 1891); Narrative and See also:

• CRITICAL (in alphabetical order of authors)

Critical See also:

• HISTORY

History of America, edited by See also:

• JUSTIN (JUNIANUS JUSTINUS)

Justin See also:

• WINSOR, JUSTIN (1831-1897)

Winsor, vol. ii. pp . 129—86 (1886) ; The Letters of A . Vespucci (translation, &c., by Clements R . See also:

• MARKHAM, GERVASE (or JERVIS) (1568?-1637)
• MARKHAM, MRS
• MARKHAM, SIR CLEMENTS ROBERT (183o- )
• MARKHAM, WILLIAM (1719-1807)

Markham, London, See also:

• HAKLUYT, RICHARD (c. 1553—1616)

Hakluyt Society, 1894) ; H . Harrisse, A .

Vespuccius (London, 1895); Jos . See also:

• FISCHER
• FISCHER, EMIL (1852– )
• FISCHER, ERNST KUNO BERTHOLD (1824–1907)

Fischer and F . R. von Weiser, The See also:

• OLDEST

Oldest See also:

• MAP
• MAP (or MAPES), WALTER (d. c. 1208/9)

Map with the Name America ... (See also:

• INNSBRUCK

Innsbruck, 1903) ; Angelo Maria See also:

• BANDINI, ANGELO MARIA (1726—1800)

Bandini and Gustavo Uzielli, Vita di Amerigo Vespucci (Florence, 1898) ; B . H . Soulsby in the See also:

• JOURNAL
• JOURNAL (through Fr. from late Lat. diurnalis, daily)

Journal of the Royal Geographical Society (London, February 1902), pp . 201-9 . (C . R .