VEZELAY  , a See also:

• VILLAGE

village of See also:

• FRANCE
• FRANCE, ANATOLE (1844– )

France, in the See also:

• DEPARTMENT (Fr. departement, from departir, to separate into parts)

department of See also:

• YONNE

Yonne, 10 m . W.S.W. of See also:

• AVALLON

Avallon by road . Its See also:

• POPULATION (Lat. populus, people; populare, to populate)

population, which was over to,000 in the See also:

• MIDDLE

middle ages, was 524 111 1906 . It is situated on the See also:

• SUMMIT

summit and slopes of a See also:

• HILL
• HILL (0. Eng. hyll; cf. Low Ger. hull, Mid. Dutch hul, allied to Lat. celsus, high, collis, hill, &c.)
• HILL, A
• HILL, AARON (1685-175o)
• HILL, AMBROSE POWELL
• HILL, DANIEL HARVEY (1821-1889)
• HILL, DAVID BENNETT (1843–1910)
• HILL, GEORGE BIRKBECK NORMAN (1835-1903)
• HILL, JAMES J
• HILL, JOHN (c. 1716-1775)
• HILL, MATTHEW DAVENPORT (1792-1872)
• HILL, OCTAVIA (1838– )
• HILL, ROWLAND (1744–1833)
• HILL, SIR ROWLAND (1795-1879)

hill on the See also:

• LEFT

left See also:

• BANK

bank of the Cure, and owes its renown to the Madeleine, one of the largest and most beautiful basilicas in France . The Madeleine See also:

• DATES

dates from the 12th See also:

• CENTURY (from Lat. centuria, a division of a hundred men)

century and was skilfully restored by See also:

• VIOLLET, PAUL MARIE (184o- )

Viollet-le-Duc . It consists of a See also:

• NARTHEX (Gr. vapOr7E, the name of the plant giant=fennel, in Lat. ferula)

narthex, with See also:

• NAVE

nave and aisles; a triple nave, without See also:

• TRIFORIUM

triforium, entered from the narthex by three See also:

• DOOR (corresponding to the Gr. Bbpa,. Lat. fores or valvae; the English word, with other forms common in allied languages, comes from the same Indo-European stem as the Gr. Obpa and Lat. fares)

door-ways; transepts; and a See also:

• CHOIR (0. Fr. cuer from Lat. chorus; pronounced quire, and until the end of the 17th century so spelt, the spelling being altered to agree with the Fr. chceur)

choir with triforium . The See also:

• OLDEST

oldest portion of the See also:

• CHURCH
• CHURCH (according to most authorities derived from the Gr. Kvpcaxov [&wµa], " the Lord's [house]," and common to many Teutonic, Slavonic and other languages under various forms—Scottish kirk, Ger. Kirche, Swed. kirka, Dan. kirke, Russ. tserkov, Buig. cerk
• CHURCH, FREDERICK EDWIN (1826-1900)
• CHURCH, GEORGE EARL (1835–1910)
• CHURCH, RICHARD WILLIAM (1815–189o)
• CHURCH, SIR RICHARD (1784–1873)

church is the nave, constructed about 1125 . Its groined vaulting is supported on wide, See also:

• LOW, SETH (1850- )
• LOW, WILL HICOK (1853- )

low, semicircular See also:

• ARCHES, COURT OF

arches, and on piers and columns, the capitals of which are embellished with sculptures full of animation . The narthex was probably built about 1140 . The central entrance, leading from it to the nave, is one of the most remarkable features of the church; it consists of two doorways, divided by a central See also:

• PIER (older forms per or Pere, from Med. Lat. pera; the word for piers out of water. For river piers, where a firm, watertight is of obscure origin, and the connexion with Fr. Pierre, Lat. stratum is found at a moderate depth below the river-bed, the pctr

pier supporting sculptured figures, and is surmounted by a tympanum carved with a See also:

• REPRESENTATION

representation of See also:

• CHRIST (Gr. X pLQTOS, Anointed)
• CHRIST, WILHELM VON (1831-1906)

Christ bestowing the See also:

• HOLY

Holy Spirit upon His apostles . The choir and transepts are later in date than the See also:

• REST (O. Eng. rest, reste, bed, cognate with other Teutonic forms, e.g. Ger. Rast, Riiste, rest, and probably Gothic Rasta, league, i.e. resting or stopping place)

rest of the church, which they surpass in height and See also:

• GRACE (Fr. grace, Lat. gratia, from grates, beloved, pleasing; formed from the root cra-, Gr. xav-, cf. xaipw, x6p,ua, Xapts)
• GRACE, WILLIAM GILBERT (1848– )

grace of proportion . They resemble the eastern portion of the church of St See also:

• DENIS (DIoNysms), SAINT
• DENIS, JOHANN NEPOMUK COSMAS MICHAEL (1729-1800)

Denis, and were doubtless built in See also:

• PLACE (through Fr. from Lat. platea, street; Gr. IrAar6s, wide)

place of a Romanesque choir damaged in a See also:

• FIRE (in O. Eng. f j'r; the word is common to West German languages, cf. Dutch vuur, Ger. Feuer; the pre-Teutonic form is seen in Sanskrit pu, pavaka, and Gr. irup; the ultimate origin is usually taken to be a root meaning to purify, cf. Lat. purus)

fire in 1165 .

Acrypt beneath the choir is perhaps the relic of a previous Romanesque church which was destroyed by fire in 1120 . The See also:

• WEST
• WEST, BENJAMIN (1738-1820)
• WEST, NICHOLAS (1461-1533)

west See also:

• FACADE

facade of the Madeleine has three portals; that in the centre is divided by a pier and surmounted by a tympanum sculptured with a bas-See also:

• RELIEF

relief of the Last See also:

• JUDGMENT

Judgment . The upper portion of this front belongs to the 13th century . Only the See also:

• LOWER

lower portion of the northernmost of the two flanking towers is left, and of the two towers which formerly See also:

• ROSE
• ROSE (Rosa)
• ROSE, GEORGE (1744-1818)
• ROSE, HUGH JAMES (1795—1838)
• ROSE, WILLIAM STEWART (1775-1843)

rose above the See also:

• TRANSEPT (from Lat. trans, across, and septum, enclosure; synonymous terms in other languages are Fr. croisee, nef transversee; Ital. crociata; Ger. Querbau, Quersch&)

transept that to the See also:

• NORTH
• NORTH, BARONS
• NORTH, MARIANNE (1830—1890)
• NORTH, ROGER (1653-1734)
• NORTH, SIR THOMAS (1535?-16o1?)

north has disappeared . Of the other buildings of the See also:

• ABBEY (Lat. abbatia; from Syr. abba, father)
• ABBEY, EDWIN AUSTIN (1852– )

abbey, there remains a See also:

• CHAPTER (a shortened form of chapiter, a word still used in architecture for a capital; derived from O. Fr. chapitre, Lat. capitellum, diminutive of caput, head)

chapter-See also:

• HOUSE
• HOUSE (O. Eng. hiss, a word common to Teutonic languages, cf. Dut. huis, Ger. Haus; in Gothic it is only found in gudhiss, a temple; it may be ultimately connected with the root of " hide," conceal)

house (13th century) adjoining the See also:

• SOUTH
• SOUTH, ROBERT (1634–1716)

south transept . Most of the ramparts of the See also:

• TOWN

town, which have a See also:

• CIRCUIT (Lat. circuitus, from circum, round, and ire, to go)

circuit of over a mile, are still in existence . In particular the See also:

• PORTE, THE SUBLIME (Arab. babi-'ali, the high gate, through the French translation la sublime porte)

Porte See also:

• NEUVE (c. 1235–1313)

Neuve, consisting of two massive towers flanking a gateway, is in See also:

• GOOD, JOHN MASON (1764-1827)

good preservation . There are several interesting old houses, among them one in which See also:

• THEODORE
• THEODORE (602-690)
• THEODORE (Fedor) GRIGORIEVICH ORLOV, COUNT (1741–1796)
• THEODORE (Rus. Fedor, or Feodor)

Theodore of See also:

• BEZA (DE BESZE), THEODORE (1519—1605)

Beza was See also:

• BORN, IGNAZ, EDLER VON (1742–1791)

born . Of the old See also:

• PARISH (Gr. irapouda, district, neighbourhood; 7r&poucos, one dwelling near or beside, from crap&, OtKOS, house; Lat. paroecur, Late Lat. parochia; cf. Fr. paroisse)

parish church, built in the 17th century, the See also:

• CLOCK

clock-See also:

• TOWER (Lat. turris; Fr. tour, clocker; Ital. torre; Ger. Thurm)

tower alone is left . A mile and a See also:

• HALF

half from Vezelay, in the village of St Pere-sous-Vezelay, there is a remarkable Burgundian See also:

• GOTHIC

Gothic church, built by the monks of Vezelay in the 13th century . The west facade, flanked on the north by a See also:

• FINE

fine tower, is richly decorated; its lower portion is formed of a projecting See also:

• PORCH (through the Fr. porehe, from Lat. porticus; the Ital. equivalent is portico, corresponding to the Gr. vapOi ; Ger. Vorhalle)

porch surmounted by pinnacles and adorned with elaborate See also:

• SCULPTURE
• SCULPTURE (Lat. sculptura, from sculpere, to carve, cognate with Gr. yXb4ew)

sculpture . The See also:

• HISTORY

history of Vezelay is See also:

• BOUND, or BOUNDARY (from O. Fr. bonde, Med. Lat. bodena or butina, a frontier line)

bound up with its See also:

• BENEDICTINE

Benedictine abbey, which was founded in the 9th century under the See also:

• INFLUENCE (Late Lat. influentia, from influere, to flow in)

influence of the abbey of See also:

• CLUNY, or CLUGNY

Cluny .

This dependence was soon shaken off by the younger monastery, and the acquisition of the See also:

• RELICS (Lat, reliquiae, the equivalent of the English " remains " in the sense of a dead body)

relics of St Magdalen, soon after its See also:

• FOUNDATION (Lat. fundatio, from fundare, to found)

foundation, began to attract crowds of pilgrims, whose presence enriched both the monks and the town which had grown up See also:

• ROUND (O. Fr. rond, Lat. rotundus, the Fr. is the source also of Du. rond; Ger., Swed., Dan. and Nor. rond)

round the abbey and acknowledged its supremacy . At the beginning of the 12th century the exactions of the See also:

• ABBOT (from the Hebrew ab, a father, through the Syriac abba, Lat. abbas, gen. abbatis, O.E. abbad, fr. late Lat. form abbad-em changed in 13th century under influence of the Lat. form to abbat, used alternatively till the end of the 17th century; Ger. Ab
• ABBOT, EZRA (1819-1884)
• ABBOT, GEORGE (1603-1648)
• ABBOT, ROBERT (1588?–1662?)
• ABBOT, WILLIAM (1798-1843)

abbot Artaud, who required See also:

• MONEY

money to defray the expense of the - reconstruction of the church, and the refusal of the monks to See also:

• GRANT (from A.-Fr. graunter, O. Fr. greanter for creanter, popular Lat. creantare, for credentare, to entrust, Lat. credere, to believe, trust)
• GRANT, ANNE (1755-1838)
• GRANT, CHARLES (1746-1823)
• GRANT, GEORGE MONRO (1835–1902)
• GRANT, JAMES (1822–1887)
• GRANT, JAMES AUGUSTUS (1827–1892)
• GRANT, ROBERT (1814-1892)
• GRANT, SIR ALEXANDER
• GRANT, SIR FRANCIS (1803-1878)
• GRANT, SIR JAMES HOPE (1808–1895)
• GRANT, SIR PATRICK (1804-1895)
• GRANT, U
• GRANT, ULYSSES SIMPSON (1822-1885)

grant See also:

• POLITICAL

political See also:

• INDEPENDENCE
• INDEPENDENCE, DECLARATION OF
• INDEPENDENCE, WAR OF

independence to the citizens, resulted in an insurrection in which the abbey was burnt and the abbot murdered . During the next fifty years three similar revolts occurred, fanned by the See also:

• COUNTS

counts of See also:

• NEVERS

Nevers, who wished to acquire the See also:

• SUZERAINTY

suzerainty over Vezelay for themselves . The monks were, however, aided by the influence both of the See also:

• POPE (Gr. irarraas, post-classical Lat. papa, father)
• POPE, ALEXANDER (1688–1744)
• POPE, ALEXANDER (1763-1835)
• POPE, JANE (1742-1818)
• POPE, JOHN (1822-1892)
• POPE, SIR THOMAS (c. 1507-1559)

Pope and of See also:

• LOUIS
• LOUIS (804–876)
• LOUIS (893–911)
• LOUIS, JOSEPH DOMINIQUE, BARON (1755-1837)
• LOUIS, or LEWIS (from the Frankish Chlodowich, Chlodwig, Latinized as Chlodowius, Lodhuwicus, Lodhuvicus, whence-in the Strassburg oath of 842-0. Fr. Lodhuwigs, then Chlovis, Loys and later Louis, whence Span. Luiz and—through the Angevin kings—Hungarian

Louis VII., and the towns-men were unsuccessful on each occasion . During the 12th century Vezelay was the See also:

• SCENE (Fr. scene, Lat. scaena, Gr. oflvil, a tent or booth, a stage or scene)

scene of the See also:

• PREACHING (Fr. preecher, from Lat. praedicare, to proclaim)

preaching of the second crusade in 1146, and of the See also:

• ASSUMPTION, FEAST OF

assumption of the See also:

• CROSS

cross in 1190 by See also:

• RICHARD
• RICHARD (d. 1184)
• RICHARD, FRANCOIS MARIE BENJAMIN (18,9-1908)
• RICHARD, HENRY (1812-1888)
• RICHARD, ST

Richard Cceur de See also:

• LION
• LION (Lat, leo, leonis; Gr. Mew)

Lion and See also:

• PHILIP
• PHILIP (Gr.'FiXtrsro , fond of horses, from dn)^eiv, to love, and limos, horse; Lat. Philip pus, whence e.g. M. H. Ger. Philippes, Dutch Filips, and, with dropping of the final s, It. Filippo, Fr. Philippe, Ger. Philipp, Sp. Felipe)
• PHILIP, JOHN (1775-1851)
• PHILIP, KING (c. 1639-1676)
• PHILIP, LANOGRAVE OF HESSE (1504-1567)

Philip See also:

• AUGUSTUS (a name 1 derived from Lat. augeo, increase, i.e. venerable, majestic, Gr. Ee0avr6s)

Augustus . The influence of the abbey began to diminish in r28o when the See also:

• BENEDICTINES, or BLACK MONKS

Benedictines of St Maximin in See also:

• PROVENCE (Provincia, Proenza)

Provence affirmed that the true See also:

• BODY

body of St Magdalen had been discovered in their church; its decline was precipitated during the See also:

• WARS

wars of See also:

• RELIGION
• RELIGION, FOLKLORE, CUSTOM

religion of the 16th century, when Vezelay suffered See also:

• GREAT

great hardships .