See also:

• VICTOR
• VICTOR, GAIUS JULIUS (4th cent. A.D.)
• VICTOR, SEXTUS AURELIUS

VICTOR IV  . was a See also:

• TITLE (0. Fr. title, mod. titre, from Lat. titulus)

title taken by two antipopes . (I) Gregorio See also:

• CONTI, NICOLO
• CONTI, PRINCES OF

Conti, See also:

• CARDINAL (Lat. cardinalis)

cardinal See also:

• PRIEST (Ger. Priester, Fr. pretre)

priest of Santi Dodici Apostoli, was chosen by a party opposed to See also:

• INNOCENT (INNOCENTIUS)
• INNOCENT (POPES)

Innocent II. in See also:

• SUCCESSION (Lat. successio, from succedere, to follow after)

succession to the antipope Anacletus II., on the 15th of See also:

• MARCH
• MARCH (1) (from Fr. marcher, to walk; the earliest sense in French appears to be " to trample," and the origin has usually been found in the Lat. marcus, hammer; Low Lat. marcare, to hammer; hence to beat the road with the regular tread of a soldier: cf.
• MARCH, AUZIAS (c. "1395-1458)
• MARCH, EARLS OF
• MARCH, FRANCIS ANDREW (1825– )

March 1138, but through the See also:

• INFLUENCE (Late Lat. influentia, from influere, to flow in)

influence of See also:

• BERNARD, CHARLES DE
• BERNARD, CLAUDE (1813-1878)
• BERNARD, JACQUES (1658--1718)
• BERNARD, MOUNTAGUE (1S2o—1882)
• BERNARD, SAINT
• BERNARD, SAINT (Iogo-1153)
• BERNARD, SIMON (1779—1839)
• BERNARD, SIR THOMAS, BART

Bernard of See also:

• CLAIRVAUX

Clairvaux he was induced to make his submission on the 29th of May . (2) Octavian, See also:

• COUNT (Lat. comes, gen. comitis, Fr. comte, Ital. conte, Span. conde)

count of See also:

• TUSCULUM

Tusculum and cardinal See also:

• DEACON (Gr. S&& ovos, minister, servant)

deacon of St Nicola in carcere Tulliano, the Ghibelline antipope, was elected at See also:

• ROME
• ROME (Roma)

Rome on the 7th of See also:

• SEPTEMBER (Lat. septem, seven)

September 1159, in opposition to See also:

• ALEXANDER
• ALEXANDER (1461-1506)
• ALEXANDER (ALEXANDER OF BATTENBERG) (1857-1893)
• ALEXANDER (ALEXANDER OsxENOVici) (1876-1903)
• ALEXANDER, ARCHIBALD (1772—1851)
• ALEXANDER, FRANCIS (1800—1881)
• ALEXANDER, GEORGE (1858— )
• ALEXANDER, JOHN WHITE (1856- )
• ALEXANDER, JOSEPH ADDISON (18o9—186o)
• ALEXANDER, SIR JAMES EDWARD (1803—1885)
• ALEXANDER, WILLIAM (1824— )
• ALEXANDER, WILLIAM LINDSAY (1808—1884)

Alexander III., and supported by the See also:

• EMPEROR (Fr. empereur, from the Lat. imperator)

emperor See also:

• FREDERICK
• FREDERICK (Mod. Ger. Friedrich; Ital. Federigo; Fr. Frederic and Federic; M.H.G. Friderich; O.H.G. Fridurih, " king or lord of peace," from O.H.G. fridu, A.S. frith, " peace," and rfh " rich," " a ruler," for derivation of which see HENRY)

Frederick See also:

• BARBAROSSA ("Redbeard")

Barbarossa . Consecrated at Farfa on the 4th of See also:

• OCTOBER

October, See also:

• VICTOR
• VICTOR, GAIUS JULIUS (4th cent. A.D.)
• VICTOR, SEXTUS AURELIUS

Victor was the first of the See also:

• SERIES (a Latin word from serere, to join)

series of antipopes supported by Frederick against Alexander III . Though the See also:

• EXCOMMUNICATION (Lat. ex, out of, away from; communis, common)

excommunication of Frederick by Alexander in March 116o made only a slight impression in See also:

• GERMANY
• GERMANY (Ger. Deutschland)

Germany, this See also:

• POPE (Gr. irarraas, post-classical Lat. papa, father)
• POPE, ALEXANDER (1688–1744)
• POPE, ALEXANDER (1763-1835)
• POPE, JANE (1742-1818)
• POPE, JOHN (1822-1892)
• POPE, SIR THOMAS (c. 1507-1559)

pope was nevertheless able to gain the support of the See also:

• REST (O. Eng. rest, reste, bed, cognate with other Teutonic forms, e.g. Ger. Rast, Riiste, rest, and probably Gothic Rasta, league, i.e. resting or stopping place)

rest of western See also:

• EUROPE

Europe, because since the days of See also:

• HILDEBRAND, LAY OF (Deis Hildebrandslied)

Hildebrand the See also:

• POWER [WILLIAM GRATTAN] TYRONE (1797-1841)

power of the pope over the See also:

• CHURCH
• CHURCH (according to most authorities derived from the Gr. Kvpcaxov [&wµa], " the Lord's [house]," and common to many Teutonic, Slavonic and other languages under various forms—Scottish kirk, Ger. Kirche, Swed. kirka, Dan. kirke, Russ. tserkov, Buig. cerk
• CHURCH, FREDERICK EDWIN (1826-1900)
• CHURCH, GEORGE EARL (1835–1910)
• CHURCH, RICHARD WILLIAM (1815–189o)
• CHURCH, SIR RICHARD (1784–1873)

church in the various countries had increased so greatly that the See also:

• KINGS, FIRST AND SECOND BOOKS OF

kings of See also:

• FRANCE
• FRANCE, ANATOLE (1844– )

France and of See also:

• ENGLAND
• ENGLAND, THE CHURCH OF

England could not view with indifference a revival of such imperial See also:

• CONTROL (Fr. contrdle, older form contre rolle, from Med. Lat. contra-rotulus, a counter roll or copy of a document used to check the original; there is no instance in English of the use of " control " in this, its literal, meaning)

control of the papacy as had been exercised by the emperor See also:

• HENRY
• HENRY (1129-1195)
• HENRY (c. 1108-1139)
• HENRY (c. 1174–1216)
• HENRY (Fr. Henri; Span. Enrique; Ger. Heinrich; Mid. H. Ger. Heinrich and Heimrich; O.H.G. Haimi- or Heimirih, i.e. " prince, or chief of the house," from O.H.G. heim, the Eng. home, and rih, Goth. reiks; compare Lat. rex " king "—" rich," therefore " mig
• HENRY, EDWARD LAMSON (1841– )
• HENRY, JAMES (1798-1876)
• HENRY, JOSEPH (1797-1878)
• HENRY, MATTHEW (1662-1714)
• HENRY, PATRICK (1736–1799)
• HENRY, PRINCE OF BATTENBERG (1858-1896)
• HENRY, ROBERT (1718-1790)
• HENRY, VICTOR (1850– )
• HENRY, WILLIAM (1795-1836)

Henry III . He died at See also:

• LUCCA (anc. Luca)
• LUCCA, BAGNI DI (Baths of Lucca, formerly Bagno a Corsena)

Lucca on the loth of See also:

• APRIL

April 1164 and was succeeded by the See also:

• ANTI, or CAMPA

anti-pope See also:

• PASCHAL (Paschalis)

Paschal III . (1164-1168) . See M . See also:

• MEYER, CHRISTIAN ERICH HERMANN VON (18or-1869)
• MEYER, HEINRICH AUGUST WILHELM (1800-1873)
• MEYER, JULIUS LOTHAR (183o-1895)
• MEYER, KONRAD FERDINAND (1825-1898)
• MEYER, VICTOR (1848-1897)
• MEYER, [MARIE] PAUL HYACINTHE (184o- )

Meyer, See also:

• DIE
• DIE (Fr. de, from Lat. datum, given)

Die Wahl See also:

• ALEXANDERS (botanical name, Smyrnium Olusatrum, natural order Umbelliferae)

Alexanders III. and Victors IV . 1759 (See also:

• GOTTINGEN

Gottingen, 1871); and A . Hauck, Kirchengeschichte Deutschlands, See also:

• BAND

Band iv . (C .

H .