See also:

• VIJAYANAGAR, or BIJANAGAR (" the city of victory ")

VIJAYANAGAR, or BIJANAGAR (" the See also:

• CITY (through Fr. cite, from Lat. civitas)

city of victory ")  , an See also:

• ANCIENT
• ANCIENT (also spelt ANTIENT; derived, through the Fr. ancien, old, from the late Lat. antianum, from ante, before)

ancient See also:

• HINDU

Hindu See also:

• KINGDOM

kingdom and ruined See also:

• CITY (through Fr. cite, from Lat. civitas)

city of See also:

• SOUTHERN

southern See also:

• INDIA
• INDIA, FRENCH

India . The kingdom lasted from about 1336 to 1565, forming during all that See also:

• PERIOD
• PERIOD (Gr. irepioSos, a going or way round, circuit, aepi, round, and &Sis, way, road)

period a See also:

• BULWARK (a word probably of Scandinavian origin, from bol or bole, a tree-trunk, and werk, work, in Ger. Bollwerk, which has also been derived from an old German bolen, to throw, and so a machine for throwing missiles)

bulwark against See also:

• MAHOMMEDAN

Mahommedan invasion from the See also:

• NORTH
• NORTH, BARONS
• NORTH, MARIANNE (1830—1890)
• NORTH, ROGER (1653-1734)
• NORTH, SIR THOMAS (1535?-16o1?)

north . Its See also:

• FOUNDATION (Lat. fundatio, from fundare, to found)

foundation, and even See also:

• GREAT

great See also:

• PART

part of its See also:

• HISTORY

history, is obscure; but its See also:

• POWER [WILLIAM GRATTAN] TYRONE (1797-1841)

power and See also:

• WEALTH

wealth are attested by more than one See also:

• EUROPEAN

European traveller, and also by the See also:

• CHARACTER (Gr. xapareri7p, from xap&crew, to scratch)

character of the existing ruins . At the beginning of the 14th See also:

• CENTURY (from Lat. centuria, a division of a hundred men)

century Mahommedan raiders had effectually destroyed every Hindu principality throughout southern India, but did not See also:

• ATTEMPT (Lat. adtemptare, attentare, to try)

attempt to occupy the See also:

• COUNTRY (from the Mid. Eng. contre or contrie, and O. Fr. cuntree; Late Lat. contrata, showing the derivation from contra, opposite, over against, thus the tract of land which fronts the sight, cf. Ger. Gegend, neighbourhood)

country permanently . In this See also:

• STATE
• STATE, GREAT OFFICERS OF

state of desolation Hindu See also:

• NATIONALITY

nationality See also:

• ROSE
• ROSE (Rosa)
• ROSE, GEORGE (1744-1818)
• ROSE, HUGH JAMES (1795—1838)
• ROSE, WILLIAM STEWART (1775-1843)

rose again under two See also:

• BROTHERS, RICHARD (1757-1824)

brothers, named Harihara and Bukka, of whom little more can be said than that they were See also:

• KANARESE

Kanarese by See also:

• RACE

race . Hence their kingdom was afterwards known as the Carnatic . At its widest extent, it stretched across the See also:

• PENINSULA
• PENINSULA (Lat. paeninsula, from paene, almost, and insula, an island)

peninsula from See also:

• SEA (in O. Eng. sae, a common Teutonic word; cf. Ger. See, Dutch Zee, &c.; the ultimate source is uncertain)
• SEA, COMMAND OF THE

sea to sea, from See also:

• MASULIPATAM, or BANDAR

Masulipatam to See also:

• GOA

Goa; and every Hindu See also:

• PRINCE
• PRINCE (Lat. princeps, from primus capio, " I am the first to take "; Ital. principe, Fr. prince)

prince in the See also:

• SOUTH
• SOUTH, ROBERT (1634–1716)

south acknowledged its supremacy . The site of the See also:

• CAPITAL (i.e. capital stock or fund)
• CAPITAL (Lat. caput, head)

capital was chosen, with strategic skill, on the right See also:

• BANK

bank of the See also:

• RIVER

river See also:

• TUNGABHADRA

Tungabhadra, which here runs through a rocky See also:

• GORGE

gorge . Within See also:

• THIRTY

thirty years the Hindu Rayas of See also:

• VIJAYANAGAR, or BIJANAGAR (" the city of victory ")

Vijayanagar were able to hold their own against the Bahmani sultans, who had now established their See also:

• INDEPENDENCE
• INDEPENDENCE, DECLARATION OF
• INDEPENDENCE, WAR OF

independence of See also:

• DELHI, DEHLI

Delhi in the See also:

• DECCAN (Sans. Dakshina, " the South ")

Deccan proper . Warfare with the Mahommedans across the border in the See also:

• RAICHUR

Raichur See also:

• DOAB

doab was carried on almost unceasingly, and with varying result . Two, or possibly three, different dynasties are believed to have occupied the See also:

• THRONE

throne of Vijayanagar as See also:

• TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
• TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
• TIME, STANDARD

time went on; and its final downfall may be ascribed to the domestic dissensions thus produced . This occurred in 1565, when the confederate sultans of See also:

• BIJAPUR

Bijapur, See also:

• AHMEDNAGAR, or AHMADNAGAR

Ahmednagar and See also:

• GOLCONDA

Golconda, who had divided amongst themselves the Bahmani dominions, overwhelmed the Vijayanagar See also:

• ARMY
• ARMY (from Fr. armee, Lat. armata)

army in the See also:

• PLAIN (O. Fr. plain, from Lat. plenum)

plain of Talikota, and sacked the defenceless city .

The Raya fled south to Penukonda, and later to Chandragiri, where one of his descendants granted to the See also:

• ENGLISH

English the site of Fort St See also:

• GEORGE
• GEORGE, 8TH MARQUESS OF TWEEDDALE (1787-1876)
• GEORGE, HENRY (1839—1897)
• GEORGE, LAKE
• GEORGE, SAINT (d. 303)

George or See also:

• MADRAS

Madras . The city has ever since remained a See also:

• WILDERNESS

wilderness of immense ruins; which are now conserved by the See also:

• BRITISH

British See also:

• GOVERNMENT
• GOVERNMENT (0. Fr. governement, mod. gouvernement, O. Fr. governer, mod. gouverner, from Lat. gubernare, to steer a ship, guide, rule; cf. Gr. xv(3epvav)

government . See R . See also:

• SEWELL, WILLIAM (1804-1874)

Sewell, A Forgotten See also:

• EMPIRE

Empire (1900) ; and B . S . See also:

• ROW, JOHN (c. 1525—1580)

Row, History of Vijayanagar (Madras, 1906) ..