VITEBSK  , a See also:

• TOWN

town of See also:

• RUSSIA
• RUSSIA (Rossiya)

Russia, See also:

• CAPITAL (i.e. capital stock or fund)
• CAPITAL (Lat. caput, head)

capital of the See also:

• GOVERNMENT
• GOVERNMENT (0. Fr. governement, mod. gouvernement, O. Fr. governer, mod. gouverner, from Lat. gubernare, to steer a ship, guide, rule; cf. Gr. xv(3epvav)

government of the same name, on both See also:

• BANKS, GEORGE LINNAEUS (1821-1881)
• BANKS, NATHANIEL PRENTISS (1816–1894)
• BANKS, SIR JOSEPH
• BANKS, THOMAS (1735-1805)

banks of the W . See also:

• DVINA

Dvina, and on the railway from See also:

• SMOLENSK

Smolensk to See also:

• RIGA (Esth. Ria-Lin)

Riga, 85 m . N.W. from the former . Pop . (1885) 54,676; (1897) 65,871 . It is an old town, with decaying mansions of the See also:

• NOBILITY

nobility, and dirty Jewish quarters, See also:

• HALF

half of its inhabitants being See also:

• JEWS
• JEWS (Heb. Y8hudi, man of Judah; Gr. 'Iovbaiot; Lat. Judaei)

Jews . There are two cathedrals, founded in 1664 and 1777 respectively . The See also:

• CHURCH
• CHURCH (according to most authorities derived from the Gr. Kvpcaxov [&wµa], " the Lord's [house]," and common to many Teutonic, Slavonic and other languages under various forms—Scottish kirk, Ger. Kirche, Swed. kirka, Dan. kirke, Russ. tserkov, Buig. cerk
• CHURCH, FREDERICK EDWIN (1826-1900)
• CHURCH, GEORGE EARL (1835–1910)
• CHURCH, RICHARD WILLIAM (1815–189o)
• CHURCH, SIR RICHARD (1784–1873)

church of St See also:

• ELIAS, JOHN (1774-1841)

Elias, a See also:

• FINE

fine example of the Old See also:

• RUSSIAN

Russian See also:

• STYLE
• STYLE (from Gr. a-6'1ms, a column; a different word from that used in literature, see below)

style of See also:

• ARCHITECTURE (Lat. architectura, from the Gr. ap)(LTEKrwv, a master-builder)

architecture, founded in 1643, was burned down in 1904 . The manufactures are insignificant, and the poorer classes support themselves by gardening, See also:

• BOAT (0. Eng. bdt; the true etymological connexion with Dutch and Ger. boot, Fr. bateau, Ital. battello presents great difficulties; Celtic forms are from O. Eng.)

boat-See also:

• BUILDING

building and the See also:

• FLAX

flax See also:

• TRADE (O. Eng. trod, footstep, from tredan, to tread; in M. Eng. the forms teed, trod and trade appear, the last in the sense of a beaten track)
• TRADE, BOARD OF

trade, while the merchants carry on an active business with Riga in See also:

• CORN (a common Teutonic word; cf. Lat. granum, seed, grain)
• CORN (fromm Lat. corms, horn)

corn, flax, See also:

• HEMP (in O. Eng. henep, cf. Dutch hennep, Ger. Hanf , cognate with Gr. Kavval3er, Lat. cannabis)

hemp, See also:

• TOBACCO

tobacco, See also:

• SUGAR

sugar and See also:

• TIMBER

timber . Vitebsk (Dbesk, Vitbesk and Vitepesk) is mentioned for the first See also:

• TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
• TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
• TIME, STANDARD

time in 1021, when it belonged to the See also:

• POLOTSK

Polotsk principality . Eighty years later it became the See also:

• CHIEF (from Fr. chef, head, Lat. caput)

chief town of a See also:

• SEPARATE

separate principality, and so continued until 1320, when it came under the dominion of the See also:

• LITHUANIANS

Lithuanians . In the 16th See also:

• CENTURY (from Lat. centuria, a division of a hundred men)

century it See also:

• FELL
• FELL, JOHN (1625-1686)

fell to See also:

• POLAND (Polish Polska, Ger. Polen), (see POLAND, RUSSIAN, below)
• POLAND, RUSSIAN

Poland .

Under the privileges granted to the See also:

• CITY (through Fr. cite, from Lat. civitas)

city by the See also:

• POLISH

Polish sovereigns it flourished, but it soon began to suffer from the See also:

• WARS

wars between Russia and Poland, during which it was thrice taken by the Russians and burned . Russia annexed it finally in 1772 .