ST See also:

• VLADIMIR
• ST VLADIMIR (c. 956-1015)

VLADIMIR (c. 956-1015)  , See also:

• GRAND

grand See also:

• DUKE (corresponding to Fr. duc, Ital. duca, Ger. Herzog)

duke of See also:

• KIEV
• KIEV, KIEFF, or KIYEFF

Kiev and of all See also:

• RUSSIA
• RUSSIA (Rossiya)

Russia, was the youngest son of Svyatoslav I. and his See also:

• MISTRESS

mistress Malushka . In 970 he received See also:

• GREAT

Great See also:

• NOVGOROD
• NOVGOROD (formerly known as V elikiy-Novgorod, Great Novgorod)

Novgorod as his apanage . On the See also:

• DEATH

death of Svyatoslav in 972, a See also:

• LONG, GEORGE (1800-1879)
• LONG, JOHN DAVIS (1838– )

long See also:

• CIVIL

civil See also:

• WAR
• WAR (O. Eng. werre, Fr. guerre, of Teutonic origin; cf. O.H.G. werran, to confound)

war took See also:

• PLACE (through Fr. from Lat. platea, street; Gr. IrAar6s, wide)

place between his sons Yaropolk and See also:

• OLEG (?-912)

Oleg, in which See also:

• VLADIMIR
• VLADIMIR, ST (c. 956-1015)

Vladimir was involved . From 977 to 984 he was in Scandinavia, See also:

• COLLECTING

collecting as many of the See also:

• VIKING

viking warriors as he could to assist himto recover Novgorod, and on his return marched against Yaropolk . On his way to Kiev he sent ambassadors to Ragvald, See also:

• PRINCE
• PRINCE (Lat. princeps, from primus capio, " I am the first to take "; Ital. principe, Fr. prince)

prince of See also:

• POLOTSK

Polotsk, to See also:

• SUE, EUGENE [JosEPH MARIE] (1804—1857)

sue for the See also:

• HAND
• HAND (a word common to Teutonic languages; cf. Ger. Hand, Goth. handus)
• HAND, FERDINAND GOTTHELF (1786-185r)

hand of his daughter Ragnilda . The haughty princess refused to affiance herself to the son of a bondswoman," but Vladimir attacked Polotsk, slew Ragvald, and took Ragnilda by force . Subsequently (98o) he captured Kiev also, slew Yaropolk by treachery, and was proclaimed prince of all Russia . In 981 he conquered the Chervensk cities, the See also:

• MODERN

modern See also:

• GALICIA (Ger. Galizien; Pol. Halicz)
• GALICIA (the ancient Gallaecia or Callaecia, KaMauci,a or KaXau da)

Galicia; in 983 he subdued the See also:

• HEATHEN

heathen Yatvyags, whose territories See also:

• LAY

lay between Lithuania and See also:

• POLAND (Polish Polska, Ger. Polen), (see POLAND, RUSSIAN, below)
• POLAND, RUSSIAN

Poland; in 985 he led a See also:

• FLEET

fleet along the central See also:

• RIVERS
• RIVERS, ANTHONY WOODVILLE, or WYDEVILLE, 2ND EARL (c. 1442—1483)
• RIVERS, EARL
• RIVERS, RICHARD SAVAGE, 4TH EARL (c. 1660—1712)

rivers of Russia to conquer the Bulgarians of the See also:

• KAMA, or KAMADEVA

Kama, planting numerous fortresses and colonies on his way . At this See also:

• TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
• TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
• TIME, STANDARD

time Vladimir was a thoroughgoing See also:

• PAGAN
• PAGAN (Lat. paganus, of or belonging to a pagus, a canton, county district, village, commune)

pagan . He increased the number of the trebishcha, or heathen temples; offered up Christians (See also:

• THEODORE
• THEODORE (602-690)
• THEODORE (Fedor) GRIGORIEVICH ORLOV, COUNT (1741–1796)
• THEODORE (Rus. Fedor, or Feodor)

Theodore and See also:

• IVAN (JOHN)

Ivan, the protomartyrs of the See also:

• RUSSIAN

Russian See also:

• CHURCH
• CHURCH (according to most authorities derived from the Gr. Kvpcaxov [&wµa], " the Lord's [house]," and common to many Teutonic, Slavonic and other languages under various forms—Scottish kirk, Ger. Kirche, Swed. kirka, Dan. kirke, Russ. tserkov, Buig. cerk
• CHURCH, FREDERICK EDWIN (1826-1900)
• CHURCH, GEORGE EARL (1835–1910)
• CHURCH, RICHARD WILLIAM (1815–189o)
• CHURCH, SIR RICHARD (1784–1873)

Church) on his altars; had eight See also:

• HUNDRED

hundred concubines, besides numerous wives; and spent his whole leisure in feasting and See also:

• HUNTING (the verbal substantive from " hunt "; O. Eng. huntian, hunta; apparently connected with O. Eng. hentan, Gothic hinpan, to capture, O.H.G. hunda,booty)

hunting . He also formed a great See also:

• COUNCIL (Lat. concilium, from cum, together, and the root cal, to call)

council out of his boyars, and set his twelve sons over his subject principalities . In the See also:

• YEAR

year 987, as the result of a consultation with his boyars, Vladimir sent envoys to study the religions of the various neighbouring nations whose representatives had been urging him to embrace their respective faiths .

The result is amusingly described by the chronicler See also:

• NESTOR
• NESTOR (c. 1056-c. 1114)

Nestor . Of the Mussulman Bulgarians of the See also:

• VOLGA (known to the Tatars as Etil, Jill or Atel; to the Finnish tribes as Rau, and to the ancients as Rha and Oarus)

Volga the envoys reported " there is no gladness among them; only sorrow and a great stench; See also:

• THEFT

theft See also:

• RELIGION
• RELIGION, FOLKLORE, CUSTOM

religion is not a See also:

• GOOD, JOHN MASON (1764-1827)

good one." In the temples of the Germans they saw " no beauty "; but at See also:

• CONSTANTINOPLE
• CONSTANTINOPLE, COUNCILS OF

Constantinople, where the full festival See also:

• RITUAL (from Lat. ritus, a custom, especially a religious rite or custom)

ritual of the Orthodox Church was set in See also:

• MOTION (Lat. motio, from movere, to move)
• MOTION, LAWS OF

motion to impress them, they found their ideal . " We no longer knew whether we were in See also:

• HEAVEN (0. Eng. hefen, heofon, heofone; this word appears in O.S. hevan; the High. Ger. word appears in Ger. Himmel, Dutch hemel; there does not seem to be any connexion between the two words, and the ultimate derivation of the word is unknown; the sugges

heaven or on See also:

• EARTH
• EARTH (a word common to Teutonic languages, cf. Ger. Erde, Dutch aarde, Swed. and Dan. jord; outside Teutonic it appears only in the Gr. 'pq'e, on the ground; it has been connected by some etymologists with the Aryan root ar-, to plough, which is seen in
• EARTH, FIGURE OF
• EARTH, FIGURE OF THE

earth, nor such beauty, and we know not how to tell of it." If Vladimir was impressed by this See also:

• ACCOUNT
• ACCOUNT (through O. Fr. acont, Late Lat. comptum, cornputare, to calculate)

account of his envoys, he was yet more so by the offer of the See also:

• EMPEROR (Fr. empereur, from the Lat. imperator)

emperor See also:

• BASIL (Russ. VASILY)

Basil II. to give him his See also:

• SISTER

sister See also:

• ANNA
• ANNA (Hindustani ana)
• ANNA, BALDASARRE

Anna in See also:

• MARRIAGE

marriage . In 988 he was baptized at See also:

• KHERSON

Kherson in the See also:

• CRIMEA (ancient Tauris or Tauric Chersonese, called by the Russians by the Tatar name Krym or Crim)

Crimea, taking the See also:

• CHRISTIAN
• CHRISTIAN, WILLIAM (1608-1663)

Christian name of Basil out of compliment to his imperial See also:

• BROTHER

brother-in-See also:

• LAW
• LAW (0. Eng. lagu, M. Eng. lawe; from an old Teutonic root lag, " lie," what lies fixed or evenly; cf. Lat. lex, Fr. loi)
• LAW, JOHN (1671—1729)
• LAW, WILLIAM (1686-1761)

law; the See also:

• SACRAMENT

sacrament was followed by his marriage with the See also:

• ROMAN

Roman princess . Returning to Kiev in See also:

• TRIUMPH (triumphus)

triumph, he converted his See also:

• PEOPLE

people to the new faith with no apparent difficulty . Crypto-Christians had been numerous in Kiev for some time before the public recognition of the Orthodox faith . The See also:

• REMAINDER, REVERSION

remainder of the reign of Vladimir was devoted to good See also:

• WORKS

works . He founded numerous churches, including the splendid Desyatinnuy Sobor or " See also:

• CATHEDRAL

Cathedral of the See also:

• TITHES

Tithes " (989), established See also:

• SCHOOLS

schools, protected the poor and introduced ecclesiastical courts . With his neighbours he lived at See also:

• PEACE
• PEACE, BREACH OF THE

peace, the incursions of the See also:

• SAVAGE
• SAVAGE, MINOT JUDSON (1841– )
• SAVAGE, RICHARD (d. 1743)

savage See also:

• PETCHENEGS, or PATZINAKS

Petchenegs alone disturbing his tranquillity . His See also:

• NEPHEW

nephew Svyatpolk, son of his brother and victim Yaropolk, he married to the daughter of Boleslaus of Poland . He died at Berestova, near Kiev, while on his way to chastise the insolence of his son, Prince Yaroslav of Novgorod . The various parts of his dismembered See also:

• BODY

body were distributed among his numerous sacred See also:

• FOUNDATIONS

foundations and were venerated as See also:

• RELICS (Lat, reliquiae, the equivalent of the English " remains " in the sense of a dead body)

relics .

The university of Kiev has rightly been named after the See also:

• MAN
• MAN, ISLE OF (anc. Mona)

man who both civilized and Christianized See also:

• ANCIENT
• ANCIENT (also spelt ANTIENT; derived, through the Fr. ancien, old, from the late Lat. antianum, from ante, before)

ancient Russia . His memory was also kept alive by innumerable folk See also:

• BALLADS

ballads and legends . With him the Varangian See also:

• PERIOD
• PERIOD (Gr. irepioSos, a going or way round, circuit, aepi, round, and &Sis, way, road)

period of Russian See also:

• HISTORY

history ceases and the Christian period begins . See Memorials (Rus.) published by the See also:

• COMMISSION (from Lat. commissio, committere)

Commission for the examination of ancient documents (Kiev, 1881, &c.) ; I . Komanin and M . Istomin, Collection of See also:

• HISTORICAL

Historical Materials (Rus.) (Kiev, 1890, &c.); O . Partitsky, Scandinavianism in Ancient Russia (Rus.) (See also:

• LEMBERG (Pol. Lwdw, Lat. Leopolis)

Lemberg, 1897); A . Lappo-Danilevsky, Scythian Antiquities (Rus.) (See also:

• PETERSBURG

Petersburg, 1887) ; J . Macquart, Osteuropaische u. ostasiatische Streifziige (See also:

• LEIPZIG

Leipzig, 1903) ; L . C . See also:

• GOETZ, HERMANN (184o-1876)

Goetz, Das Kiever Hohlenkloster als Kulturzentrum See also:

• DES

des vormongolischen Russlands (See also:

• PASSAU

Passau, 1904) . (R .

N .