VOLTA  , the largest See also:

• RIVER

river of the See also:

• COAST (from Lat. costa, a rib, side)

coast of Upper See also:

• GUINEA

Guinea, between the See also:

• GAMBIA

Gambia and the See also:

• NIGER
• NIGER, GAIUS PESCENNIUS

Niger, with a length of about goo m . Its mouth and the greater See also:

• PART

part of its course are in See also:

• BRITISH

British territory . Its See also:

• LOWER

lower course had been known since the discoveries of the Portuguese, from whom it received (15th See also:

• CENTURY (from Lat. centuria, a division of a hundred men)

century) its name on See also:

• ACCOUNT
• ACCOUNT (through O. Fr. acont, Late Lat. comptum, cornputare, to calculate)

account of the winding nature of its stream . It was not, however, until the last fifteen years of the loth century that the extent of its See also:

• BASIN, or BASON (the older form bacin is found in many of the Romanic languages, from the Late Lat. baccinus or bacchinus, probably derived from bacca, a bowl)
• BASIN, THOMAS (1412—1491)

basin—extending far See also:

• NORTH
• NORTH, BARONS
• NORTH, MARIANNE (1830—1890)
• NORTH, ROGER (1653-1734)
• NORTH, SIR THOMAS (1535?-16o1?)

north within the See also:

• BEND

bend of the Niger- -was made known . There are two See also:

• MAIN (from the Aryan root which appears in " may " and " might," and Lat. magnus, great)
• MAIN (Lat. Moenus)

main upper branches, the See also:

• BLACK
• BLACK, ADAM (1784-1874)
• BLACK, JEREMIAH SULLIVAN (1810–1883)
• BLACK, WILLIAM (1841-1898)

Black and the See also:

• WHITE
• WHITE, ANDREW DICKSON (1832– )
• WHITE, GILBERT (1720–1793)
• WHITE, HENRY KIRKE (1785-1806)
• WHITE, HUGH LAWSON (1773-1840)
• WHITE, JOSEPH BLANCO (1775-1841)
• WHITE, RICHARD GRANT (1822-1885)
• WHITE, ROBERT (1645-1704)
• WHITE, SIR GEORGE STUART (1835– )
• WHITE, SIR THOMAS (1492-1567)
• WHITE, SIR WILLIAM ARTHUR (1824--1891)
• WHITE, SIR WILLIAM HENRY (1845– )
• WHITE, THOMAS (1628-1698)
• WHITE, THOMAS (c. 1550-1624)

White Volta . Their See also:

• SOURCES

sources See also:

• LIE, JONAS LAURITZ EDEMIL (1833—1908)
• LIE, MARIUS SOPHUS (1842–1899)

lie on the grassy plateaus north of the See also:

• FOREST

forest See also:

• BELT (a word common to Teutonic languages, the Old Ger. form being bale, from which the Lat. balteus probably derived)
• BELT, THOMAS (1832-1878)

belt of the Guinea coast, the Black Volta rising (as the Baule) in about 11° N . 4° 5o' W . Its course is at first E. and N.E., to 12° 25' N., at which point, after receiving a tributary from nearly 14° N.—the most northerly point of the basin,—it turns sharply See also:

• SOUTH
• SOUTH, ROBERT (1634–1716)

south . From the See also:

• ELEVENTH

eleventh to the ninth parallel the river forms the boundary between the See also:

• NORTHERN

Northern Territories of the See also:

• GOLD
• GOLD [symbol Au, atomic weight 195.7(H = 1),197.2(0 =16)]

Gold Coast (British) and the See also:

• FRENCH
• FRENCH, DANIEL CHESTER (1850– )
• FRENCH, NICHOLAS (1604-1678)

French See also:

• IVORY (Fr. ivoire, Lat. ebur)
• IVORY, SIR JAMES (1765-1842)

Ivory Coast See also:

• COLONY (Lat. colonia, from colonus, a cultivator)

colony . The southerly course of the stream ceases at 8° 15' N. where it is deflected E., and even N., by a See also:

• MOUNTAIN (0. Fr. montaigne; popular Lat. montanea, an adjectival form from the classical mons, montis, whence Eng. " mount," a form usually used along with the name of an individual mountain, e.g. Mt Everest)
• MOUNTAIN, THE (La Montagne)

mountain range composed of See also:

• SANDSTONE

sandstone and See also:

• GRANITE (adapted from the Ital. granite, grained; Lat. granum, grain)

granite, which it finally breaks through by a narrow pass, in which its width is only some 6o yds . Elsewhere it has a See also:

• GENERAL
• GENERAL (Lat. generalis, of or relating to a genus, kind or class)

general width of 15o to 20o yds . In o° 50' W. it receives the White Volta, which flows generally south from about 13° N. and likewise breaks through a narrow See also:

• GAP

gap in the See also:

• PLATEAU (a French term, older platel, for a flat piece of wood, metal, &c., from plat, flat)
• PLATEAU, JOSEPH ANTOINE FERDINAND (1801-1883)

plateau escarpment .

Both See also:

• RIVERS
• RIVERS, ANTHONY WOODVILLE, or WYDEVILLE, 2ND EARL (c. 1442—1483)
• RIVERS, EARL
• RIVERS, RICHARD SAVAGE, 4TH EARL (c. 1660—1712)

rivers shrink greatly in the dry See also:

• SEASON (0. Fr. seson, seison, mod. saison, Lat. satio, sowing time, the spring, from serere, to sow; in Late Lat. the word is found with its present meaning, the spring being considered as particularly the season of the year)

season, reaching their lowest level at the end of See also:

• JANUARY

January . Below the junction the Volta flows S.E. and S., turning, however, E. for 4o m. just north of 6° . In 7° 37' N. it receives on the See also:

• LEFT

left See also:

• BANK

bank a large tributary, the Oti, coming from 12° N . In its lower course, through the forest belt, the river has often a width of over See also:

• HALF

half a mile, with a See also:

• DEPTH

depth in places of .lo to 5o ft. in the rains, but in 6° 18' N. it traverses a pass in which its width is narrowed to 3o yds . Its use as a See also:

• WATER

water-way is limited by a number of rapids, the lowest of which occur in 6° 7' N., above the trading See also:

• PORT

port of Akuse . Its mouth is also obstructed during the greater part of the See also:

• YEAR

year by a See also:

• BAR
• BAR (0. Fr. barre, Late Lat. barra, origin unknown)
• BAR, CONFEDERATION OF
• BAR, FRANCOIS DE (1538-1606)
• BAR, THE

bar . The river is usually navigable by small vessels from its mouth for about 6o m . The lower Volta was explored by M . J . See also:

• BONNAT

Bonnat in 1875, but the upper basin was first traversed by the See also:

• GERMAN
• GERMAN, DUTCH AND SCANDINAVIAN

German traveller G . A . See also:

• KRAUSE, KARL CHRISTIAN FRIEDRICH (1781—1832)

Krause (1886–87) and the French See also:

• CAPTAIN (derived from Lat. ca put, head, through the Low Lat. capitanus)

captain L .

G . Binger (1888) . It has since been explored by a number of colonial officials—German, French and British . Between 6° 41' and 8° 8' N. the Volta forms the boundary between the Gold Coast and See also:

• TOGOLAND

Togoland .