though in letters in the See also:

• VERNACULAR (Lat. verna, dim. vernaculus, a slave horn in his master's house)

vernacular he writes himself VOLUSENE] in later writers See also:

• WILSON, ALEXANDER (1766-1813)
• WILSON, HENRY (1812–1875)
• WILSON, HORACE HAYMAN (1786–1860)
• WILSON, JAMES (1742—1798)
• WILSON, JAMES (1835— )
• WILSON, JAMES HARRISON (1837– )
• WILSON, JOHN (1627-1696)
• WILSON, JOHN (178 1854)
• WILSON, ROBERT (d. 1600)
• WILSON, SIR DANIEL (1816–1892)
• WILSON, SIR ROBERT THOMAS (1777—1849)
• WILSON, SIR WILLIAM JAMES ERASMUS
• WILSON, THOMAS (1663-1755)
• WILSON, THOMAS (c. 1525-1581)
• WILSON, WOODROW (1856— )

WILSON Or See also:

• WOLSEY, THOMAS (c. 1475–1530)

WOLSEY FLORENTIUS [See also:

• FLORENCE
• FLORENCE (Ital. Firenze, Lat. Florentia)

FLORENCE WOLSON See also:

• though in letters in the vernacular he writes himself VOLUSENE] in later writers WILSON Or WOLSEY FLORENTIUS [FLORENCE WOLSON VOLUSENUS (c. 1504-c. 1547)

VOLUSENUS (c. 1504-c. 1547)  , Scottish humanist, was See also:

• BORN, IGNAZ, EDLER VON (1742–1791)

born near See also:

• ELGIN

Elgin about 1504 . He studied See also:

• PHILOSOPHY (Gr. gthos, fond of, and vo4 (a, wisdom)

philosophy at See also:

• ABERDEEN
• ABERDEEN, GEORGE GORDON, 1ST EARL O (1637-1720)
• ABERDEEN, GEORGE HAMILTON GORDON, 4TH EARL

Aberdeen, and in the See also:

• DIALOGUE

dialogue De Animi Tranquillitate says that the description of the See also:

• ABODE (from " abide," to dwell, properly " to wait for ," to bide)

abode of tranquillity was based on a See also:

• DREAM (from a root dreug, connected with Germ. trugen, to deceive)

dream that came to him after a conversation with a See also:

• FELLOW

fellow-student on the See also:

• BANKS, GEORGE LINNAEUS (1821-1881)
• BANKS, NATHANIEL PRENTISS (1816–1894)
• BANKS, SIR JOSEPH
• BANKS, THOMAS (1735-1805)

banks of his native Lossie . He was then a student of philosophy of four years' See also:

• STANDING

standing . Proceeding to See also:

• PARIS
• PARIS (also called ALEXANDROS)
• PARIS, ALEXIS PAULIN (1800-x881)
• PARIS, BRUNO PAULIN GASTON (1839-1903)
• PARIS, FRANCOIS DE (169o-1727)
• PARIS, LOUIS PHILIPPE ALBERT
• PARIS, TREATIES OF (1814-1815)

Paris, he became See also:

• TUTOR (Lat. tutor, guardian, tueri, to watch over, protect)

tutor to See also:

• THOMAS
• THOMAS (c. 1654-1720)
• THOMAS (d. 110o)
• THOMAS, ARTHUR GORING (1850-1892)
• THOMAS, CHARLES LOUIS AMBROISE (1811-1896)
• THOMAS, GEORGE (c. 1756-1802)
• THOMAS, GEORGE HENRY (1816-187o)
• THOMAS, ISAIAH (1749-1831)
• THOMAS, PIERRE (1634-1698)
• THOMAS, SIDNEY GILCHRIST (1850-1885)
• THOMAS, ST
• THOMAS, THEODORE (1835-1905)
• THOMAS, WILLIAM (d. 1554)

Thomas Wynter, reputed son of See also:

• CARDINAL (Lat. cardinalis)

Cardinal See also:

• WOLSEY, THOMAS (c. 1475–1530)

Wolsey . He paid repeated visits to See also:

• ENGLAND
• ENGLAND, THE CHURCH OF

England, where he was well received by the See also:

• KING
• KING (O. Eng. cyning, abbreviated into cyng, cing; cf. O. H. G. chun- kuning, chun- kunig, M.H.G. kiinic, kiinec, kiinc, Mod. Ger. Konig, O. Norse konungr, kongr, Swed. konung, kung)
• KING [OF OCKHAM], PETER KING, 1ST BARON (1669-1734)
• KING, CHARLES WILLIAM (1818-1888)
• KING, CLARENCE (1842–1901)
• KING, EDWARD (1612–1637)
• KING, EDWARD (1829–1910)
• KING, HENRY (1591-1669)
• KING, RUFUS (1755–1827)
• KING, THOMAS (1730–1805)
• KING, WILLIAM (1650-1729)
• KING, WILLIAM (1663–1712)

king, and, after Wolsey's fall, he acted as one of See also:

• CROMWELL, HENRY (1628-1674)
• CROMWELL, OLIVER (1599-1658)
• CROMWELL, RICHARD (1626–1712)
• CROMWELL, THOMAS, EARL OF

Cromwell's agents in Paris . He was in England as See also:

• LATE

late as 1534, and appears to have been See also:

• RECTOR (Lat. for " ruler," " guide," &c., from regere, " rule ")

rector of Speldhurst in See also:

• KENT
• KENT, EARLS AND DUKES OF
• KENT, JAMES (1763-1847)
• KENT, WILLIAM (1685-1748)

Kent . In Paris he knew See also:

• GEORGE
• GEORGE, 8TH MARQUESS OF TWEEDDALE (1787-1876)
• GEORGE, HENRY (1839—1897)
• GEORGE, LAKE
• GEORGE, SAINT (d. 303)

George See also:

• BUCHANAN
• BUCHANAN, CLAUDIUS
• BUCHANAN, GEORGE (1506–1582)
• BUCHANAN, JAMES (1791-1868)
• BUCHANAN, ROBERT WILLIAMS (1841-1901)

Buchanan, and found patrons in the cardinal See also:

• JEAN

jean de See also:

• LORRAINE

Lorraine and Jean du Bellay . He was to have gone with du Bellay on his See also:

• MISSION

mission to See also:

• ITALY
• ITALY (Italia)

Italy in 1535, but illness kept him in Paris . As soon as he recovered he set out on his See also:

• JOURNEY (through O. Fr. jornee or journee, mod. Fr. journee, from med. Lat. diurnata, Lat. diurnus, of or belonging to dies, day)

journey, but at See also:

• AVIGNON

Avignon, by the See also:

• ADVICE (Fr. avis, from Lat. ad, to, and visum, viewed)

advice of his friend See also:

• ANTONIO
• ANTONIO (1429—1498)
• ANTONIO, NICOLAS (1617-1684)

Antonio Bonvisi (d . 1558), he sought the patronage of the See also:

• BISHOP (A.S. bisceop, from Lat. episcopus, Gr. irio-Korros, " overlooker " or " overseer ")
• BISHOP, ISABELLA (1832-1904)
• BISHOP, SIR HENRY ROWLEY (1786-1855)

bishop of the See also:

• DIOCESE (formed on Fr. diocese, in place of the Eng. form diocess—current until the 19th century—from Lat. dioecesis, med. Lat. variant diocesis, from Gr. Swucio•tc, " house-keeping," " administration," &miceas, " to keep house," " to govern ")

diocese, the learned and pious See also:

• PAUL
• PAUL (PAULUS)

Paul Sadolet, who made him See also:

• MASTER (Lat. magister, related to tnagis, more, as the corresponding minister is to minus, less; the English form is due partly to the O. Eng. maegister, and partly to O. Fr. maistre, mod. maitre; cf. Du. meester, Ger. Meister, Ital. maestro)

master in the school at See also:

• CARPENTRAS

Carpentras, with a See also:

• SALARY

salary of seventy crowns . See also:

• VOLUSENUS, FLORENTIUS [FLORENCE WOLSON, Or WOLSEY, in later writers WILSON, though in letters in the vernacular he writes himself VOLUSENE] (c. 1504-c. 1547)

Volusenus paid frequent visits to See also:

• LYONS
• LYONS (Fr. Lyon)
• LYONS, COUNCILS OF
• LYONS, EDMUND LYONS, BARON (1790-1858)
• LYONS, RICHARD BICKERTON PEMELL LYONS, 1ST EARL (1817–1887)

Lyons (where See also:

• CONRAD (d. 955)
• CONRAD, JOSEPH (1856– )
• CONRAD, or KONRAD (M. H. Ger. Kuonrdl, i.e. " keen in counsel," Lat. Conradus, It. Corrado, cf. the A.S. Ccenred)

Conrad See also:

• GESNER
• GESNER, ABRAHAM (1797-1864)
• GESNER, JOHANN MATTHIAS (1691—1761)

Gesner saw him, still a See also:

• YOUNG
• YOUNG, A
• YOUNG, ARTHUR (1741-1820)
• YOUNG, BRIGHAM (1801-1877)
• YOUNG, CHARLES MAYNE (1777–1856)
• YOUNG, EDWARD (1683–1765)
• YOUNG, JAMES (1811-1883)
• YOUNG, THOMAS (1773-1829)

young See also:

• MAN
• MAN, ISLE OF (anc. Mona)

man, in 1540), probably also to Italy, where he had many See also:

• FRIENDS, SOCIETY
• FRIENDS, SOCIETY OF

friends, perhaps even to See also:

• SPAIN
• SPAIN (Espana)

Spain . A See also:

• LETTER (through Fr. lettre from Lat. littera or litera, letter of the alphabet; the origin of the Latin word is obscure; it has probably no connexion with the root of linere, to smear, i.e. with wax, for an inscription with a stilus)

letter addressed to him by Sadolet from See also:

• ROME
• ROME (Roma)

Rome in 1546 shows that he had then resolved to return to See also:

• SCOTLAND
• SCOTLAND, CHURCH OF
• SCOTLAND, EPISCOPAL CHURCH OF

Scotland, and had asked advice on the attitude he should adopt in the religious dissensions of the See also:

• TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
• TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
• TIME, STANDARD

time .

He died on the journey, however, at See also:

• VIENNE
• VIENNE, COUNCIL OF

Vienne in See also:

• DAUPHINE

Dauphine, in 1546, or See also:

• EARLY
• EARLY, JUBAL ANDERSON (1816-1894)

early in the next See also:

• YEAR

year . Volusenus's linguistic studies embraced See also:

• HEBREW

Hebrew as well as See also:

• GREEK
• GREEK, ETRUSCAN AND

Greek and Latin . His reputation, however, rests on the beautiful dialogue, De Animi Tranquillitate, first printed by S . See also:

• GRYPHIUS, ANDREAS (1616–1664)

Gryphius at Lyons in 1543 . From See also:

• INTERNAL

internal See also:

• EVIDENCE (Lat. evidentia, evideri, to appear clearly)

evidence it appears to have been composed about that time, but the subject had exercised the writer for many years . The dialogue shows us See also:

• CHRISTIAN
• CHRISTIAN, WILLIAM (1608-1663)

Christian See also:

• HUMANISM (from Lat. humanus, human, connected with holm)

humanism at its best . Volusenus is a See also:

• GREAT

great admirer of See also:

• ERASMUS, DESIDERIUS (1466–1536)

Erasmus, but he criticizes the purity of his Latin and also his philosophy . His own philosophy is Christian and Biblical rather than classical or scholastic . He takes a fresh and See also:

• INDEPENDENT

independent view of Christian See also:

• ETHICS
• ETHICS, SHAFTESBURY, HOBBES

ethics, and he ultimately reaches a See also:

• DOCTRINE

doctrine as to the See also:

• WITNESS
• WITNESS (from O. Eng. witan, to know)

witness of the Spirit and the assurance of See also:

• GRACE (Fr. grace, Lat. gratia, from grates, beloved, pleasing; formed from the root cra-, Gr. xav-, cf. xaipw, x6p,ua, Xapts)
• GRACE, WILLIAM GILBERT (1848– )

grace which breaks with the traditional See also:

• CHRISTIANITY

Christianity of his time and is based on ethical motives akin to those of the See also:

• GERMAN
• GERMAN, DUTCH AND SCANDINAVIAN

German Reformers . The verses which occur in the dialogue, and the poem which concludes it, give Volusenus a See also:

• PLACE (through Fr. from Lat. platea, street; Gr. IrAar6s, wide)

place among Scottish Latin poets, but it is as a Christian philosopher that he attains distinction . The dialogue was reissued at See also:

• LEIDEN

Leiden in 1637 by the Scots writer See also:

• DAVID
• DAVID (a Hebrew name meaning probably beloved 1)
• DAVID, FELICIEN (1810—1876)
• DAVID, GERARD [GHEERAERT DAVIT], (?=1523)
• DAVID, PIERRE JEAN (1789–1856)
• DAVID, ST (Dewi, Sant)

David Echlin, whose poems, with a selection of three poems from the dialogue of Volusenus, appear, with others, in the famous See also:

• AMSTERDAM
• AMSTERDAM (NEw AMSTERDAM)

Amsterdam collection Delitiae Poetarum Scotorum hujus and, printed by Blaev in 2 vols. in 1637 . Later See also:

• EDITIONS

editions of the dialogue appeared at See also:

• EDINBURGH

Edinburgh in 1707 and 1751 (the latter .edited by G .

\Vishart) . All the reissues contain a See also:

• SHORT, FRANCIS JOB (1857– )

short See also:

• LIFE

life of the author by Thomas See also:

• WILSON, ALEXANDER (1766-1813)
• WILSON, HENRY (1812–1875)
• WILSON, HORACE HAYMAN (1786–1860)
• WILSON, JAMES (1742—1798)
• WILSON, JAMES (1835— )
• WILSON, JAMES HARRISON (1837– )
• WILSON, JOHN (1627-1696)
• WILSON, JOHN (178 1854)
• WILSON, ROBERT (d. 1600)
• WILSON, SIR DANIEL (1816–1892)
• WILSON, SIR ROBERT THOMAS (1777—1849)
• WILSON, SIR WILLIAM JAMES ERASMUS
• WILSON, THOMAS (1663-1755)
• WILSON, THOMAS (c. 1525-1581)
• WILSON, WOODROW (1856— )

Wilson, See also:

• ADVOCATE (Lat. advocatus, from advocare, to summon, especially in law to call in the aid of a counsel or witness, and so generally to summon to one's assistance)

advocate, son-in-See also:

• LAW
• LAW (0. Eng. lagu, M. Eng. lawe; from an old Teutonic root lag, " lie," what lies fixed or evenly; cf. Lat. lex, Fr. loi)
• LAW, JOHN (1671—1729)
• LAW, WILLIAM (1686-1761)

law and biographer of See also:

• ARCH
• ARCH, JOSEPH (1826– )

Arch-bishop See also:

• PATRICK, SIMON (1626–1707)
• PATRICK, ST

Patrick See also:

• ADAMSON, PATRICK (1537-1592)
• ADAMSON, ROBERT (1852-1902)

Adamson . Supplementary facts are found in the letters and See also:

• STATE
• STATE, GREAT OFFICERS OF

state papers of the See also:

• PERIOD
• PERIOD (Gr. irepioSos, a going or way round, circuit, aepi, round, and &Sis, way, road)

period, and in Sadolet's Letters .