See also:

• VOSGES
• VOSGES (Lat. Vogesus or Vosagus, Ger. Wasgau or Vogesen)

VOSGES (See also:

• LAT

Lat. Vogesus or Vosagus, Ger. Wasgau or Vogesen)  , a See also:

• MOUNTAIN (0. Fr. montaigne; popular Lat. montanea, an adjectival form from the classical mons, montis, whence Eng. " mount," a form usually used along with the name of an individual mountain, e.g. Mt Everest)
• MOUNTAIN, THE (La Montagne)

mountain range of central See also:

• EUROPE

Europe, stretching along the westside of the See also:

• RHINE (Lat. Rhenus, Ger. Rhein, Fr. Rhin, Dutch Rhyn, or Rijn)

Rhine valley in a N.N.E. direction, from See also:

• BASEL (Fr. Bale)
• BASEL (Fr. Belle, but Basle is a wholly erroneous form; Ital. Basilea)
• BASEL, CONFESSION OF
• BASEL, COUNCIL OF

Basel to See also:

• MAINZ (Fr. Mayence)

Mainz, for a distance of 15o m . Since 1871 the See also:

• SOUTHERN

southern portion, from the Ballon d'See also:

• ALSACE (Ger. Elsass)

Alsace to Mont Donon, has been the frontier between See also:

• FRANCE
• FRANCE, ANATOLE (1844– )

France and See also:

• GERMANY
• GERMANY (Ger. Deutschland)

Germany . There is a remarkable similarity between the See also:

• VOSGES
• VOSGES (Lat. Vogesus or Vosagus, Ger. Wasgau or Vogesen)

Vosges and the corresponding range of the See also:

• BLACK
• BLACK, ADAM (1784-1874)
• BLACK, JEREMIAH SULLIVAN (1810–1883)
• BLACK, WILLIAM (1841-1898)

Black See also:

• FOREST

Forest on the other See also:

• SIDE
• SIDE (mod. Eski Adalia)

side of the Rhine: both See also:

• LIE, JONAS LAURITZ EDEMIL (1833—1908)
• LIE, MARIUS SOPHUS (1842–1899)

lie within the same degrees of See also:

• LATITUDE (Lat. latitudo, latus, broad)

latitude and have the same See also:

• GEOLOGICAL

geological formation; both are characterized by See also:

• FINE

fine forests on their See also:

• LOWER

lower slopes, above which are open pasturages and rounded summits of a See also:

• UNIFORM

uniform See also:

• ALTITUDE (Lat. altitudo, from altus, high)

altitude; both have a steep fall to the Rhine and a See also:

• GRADUAL (Med. Lat. gradualis, of or belonging to steps or degrees; gradus, step)

gradual descent on the other side . The Vosges in their southern portion are mainly of See also:

• GRANITE (adapted from the Ital. granite, grained; Lat. granum, grain)

granite, with some porphyritic masses, and of a See also:

• KIND (O. E. ge-cynde, from the same root as is seen in " kin," supra)

kind of red See also:

• SANDSTONE

sandstone (occasionally 164o ft. in thickness) which on the western versant bears the name of " pies Vosgien." Orographically the range is divided See also:

• SOUTH
• SOUTH, ROBERT (1634–1716)

south to See also:

• NORTH
• NORTH, BARONS
• NORTH, MARIANNE (1830—1890)
• NORTH, ROGER (1653-1734)
• NORTH, SIR THOMAS (1535?-16o1?)

north into four sections: the Grandes Vosges (62 m.). extending from See also:

• BELFORT
• BELFORT, TERRITOIRE
• BELFORT, TERRITORY OF

Belfort to the valley of the Bruche; the Central Vosges (31 m.), between the Bruche and the See also:

• COL
• COL (Fr. for " neck," Lat. collum)

Col de Saverne; the Lower Vosges (3o m.), between the Col de Saverne and the source of the Lauter; and the See also:

• HARDT, HERMANN VON DER (166o-1746)
• HARDT, THE

Hardt or St See also:

• MAURICE (1521–1553)
• MAURICE (MAURICIUS FLAVIUS TIBERIUS) (c. 539–602)
• MAURICE [or MAURITIUS], ST (d. c. 286)
• MAURICE, JOHN FREDERICK DENISON (1805-1872)

Maurice (4100 ft.) . Thence northwards the See also:

• AVERAGE

average height of the range is 3000 ft., the highest point, the Balton de Guehwiller (See also:

• GEBWEILER (Fr. Guebwiller)

Gebweiler), or Soultz, rising to the See also:

• EAST
• EAST, ALFRED (1849- )

east of the See also:

• MAIN (from the Aryan root which appears in " may " and " might," and Lat. magnus, great)
• MAIN (Lat. Moenus)

main See also:

• CHAIN (through the O. Fr. citable, chcene, &c., from Lat. catena)

chain to 468o ft . The Col de Saales, between the Grandes Vosges and the central See also:

• SECTION
• SECTION (Lat. sectio, cutting, secare, to cut)

section, is nearly 1900 ft. high; the latter is both lower and narrower than the Grandes Vosges, the Mont Donon (3307 ft.) being the highest See also:

• SUMMIT

summit . The railway from See also:

• PARIS
• PARIS (also called ALEXANDROS)
• PARIS, ALEXIS PAULIN (1800-x881)
• PARIS, BRUNO PAULIN GASTON (1839-1903)
• PARIS, FRANCOIS DE (169o-1727)
• PARIS, LOUIS PHILIPPE ALBERT
• PARIS, TREATIES OF (1814-1815)

Paris to See also:

• STRASSBURG, or STRASBURG (French Strasbourg)

Strassburg and the Rhine and See also:

• MARNE

Marne See also:

• CANAL
• CANAL (from Lat. canalis, " channel " and " kennel " being doublets of the word)

Canal See also:

• TRAVERSE

traverse the Col de Saverne . No railway crosses the Vosges between Saverne and Belfort. but there are See also:

• CARRIAGE

carriage roads over the passes of Bussang from See also:

• REMIREMONT

Remiremont to See also:

• THANN

Thann, the Schlucht (3766 ft.) from See also:

• GERARDMER

Gerardmer to See also:

• MUNSTER
• MUNSTER, SEBASTIAN (1489-1552)

Munster, the Bonhomme from St See also:

• DIE
• DIE (Fr. de, from Lat. datum, given)

Die to See also:

• COLMAR, or KOLMAR

Colmar, and the pass from St Die to Ste See also:

• MARIE

Marie-aux-Mines . The Lower Vosges are a sandstone See also:

• PLATEAU (a French term, older platel, for a flat piece of wood, metal, &c., from plat, flat)
• PLATEAU, JOSEPH ANTOINE FERDINAND (1801-1883)

plateau ranging from woo to 18go ft. high, and are crossed by the railway from Ilagenau to Sarreguemines, defended by the fort of Bitche . Meteorologically the difference between the eastern and western versants of the range is very marked, the See also:

• ANNUAL

annual rainfall being much higher and the mean temperature being much lower in the latter than in the former . On the eastern slope the See also:

• VINE

vine ripens to a height of 1300 ft.; on the other See also:

• HAND
• HAND (a word common to Teutonic languages; cf. Ger. Hand, Goth. handus)
• HAND, FERDINAND GOTTHELF (1786-185r)

hand, its only See also:

• RIVERS
• RIVERS, ANTHONY WOODVILLE, or WYDEVILLE, 2ND EARL (c. 1442—1483)
• RIVERS, EARL
• RIVERS, RICHARD SAVAGE, 4TH EARL (c. 1660—1712)

rivers are the See also:

• ILL

Ill and other shorter streams . The Moselle, Meurthe and Sarre all rise on the See also:

• LORRAINE

Lorraine side .

Moraines, boulders and polished rocks testify the existence of the glaciers which formerly covered the Vosges . The lakes, surrounded by pines, beeches and maples, the See also:

• GREEN, A
• GREEN, ALEXANDER HENRY (1832—1896)
• GREEN, DUFF (1791—1875)
• GREEN, JOHN RICHARD (1837—1883)
• GREEN, MATTHEW (1696-1737)
• GREEN, THOMAS HILL (1836-1882)
• GREEN, VALENTINE (1739–1813)
• GREEN, WILLIAM HENRY (.1825–1900)

green meadows which provide pasture for large herds of cows, and the fine views of the Rhine valley, Black Forest and See also:

• SNOW (in O. Eng. sndw; a common Indo-European word; cf. in Teutonic languages, Ger. Schnee, Du. sneeuw; in Slavonic snieg', Lith. snegas; Gr. vi4a, Lat. nix, nivis, whence the Romanic forms, Ital. neve, Fr. neige, &c.; Ir. and Gael. sneachd; the original

snow-covered Swiss mountains combine to make the See also:

• DISTRICT

district picturesque . On the lower heights and buttresses of the main chain on the Alsatian side are numerous castles, generally in ruins . At several points on the main See also:

• RIDGE (a word. common to many Teutonic languages, meaning " back," whether of a man or an animal, cf. German Rucke)
• RIDGE, WILLIAM PETT (1864- )

ridge, especially at St Odile above Ribeauville (See also:

• RAPPOLTSWEILER (French Ribeauville)

Rappoltsweiler), are the remains o1 a See also:

• WALL (O. Eng. weal, weall, Mid. Eng. wal, wane, adapted from Lat. vallum, rampart; the original O. Eng. word for a wall was wag or tenth)
• WALL, RICHARD (1694-1778)

wall of unmortared See also:

• STONE
• STONE (0. Eng. shin; the word is common to Teutonic languages, cf. Ger. Stein, Du. steen, Dan. and Swed. sten; the root is also seen in Gr. aria, pebble)
• STONE, CHARLES POMEROY (1824-1887)
• STONE, EDWARD JAMES (1831-1897)
• STONE, FRANK (1800-1859)
• STONE, GEORGE (1708—1764)
• STONE, LUCY [BLACKWELL] (1818-1893)
• STONE, MARCUS (184o— )
• STONE, NICHOLAS (1586-1647)

stone with tenons of See also:

• WOOD, ANTHONY A2 (1632-1695)
• WOOD, JOHN GEORGE (1827—1889)
• WOOD, MRS HENRY [ELLEN] (1814—1887)
• WOOD, SEARLES VALENTINE (1798—188o)

wood, 6 to 7 ft. thick and 4 to 5 ft. high, called the See also:

• PAGAN
• PAGAN (Lat. paganus, of or belonging to a pagus, a canton, county district, village, commune)

pagan wall (Mur Payen) . It was used for See also:

• DEFENCE
• DEFENCE (Lat. defendere, to defend)

defence in the See also:

• MIDDLE

middle ages, and archaeologists are divided as to whether it was built for this purpose by the See also:

• ROMANS
• ROMANS, EPISTLE TO THE

Romans, or before their arrival .