JOHANN GEORG See also:

• JOHANN GEORG WALCH (1693-1775)

WALCH (1693-1775)  , See also:

• GERMAN
• GERMAN, DUTCH AND SCANDINAVIAN

German theologian, was See also:

• BORN, IGNAZ, EDLER VON (1742–1791)

born on the 17th of See also:

• JUNE

June 1693 at See also:

• MEININGEN

Meiningen, where his See also:

• FATHER

father, Georg See also:

• WATCH (in O. Eng. wcecce, a keeping guard or watching, from wacian, to guard, watch, wacan, to wake)

Watch, was See also:

• GENERAL
• GENERAL (Lat. generalis, of or relating to a genus, kind or class)

general See also:

• SUPERINTENDENT

superintendent . He studied at See also:

• LEIPZIG

Leipzig and See also:

• JENA

Jena, amongst his teachers being J . F . See also:

• BUDDEUS, JOHANN FRANZ (1667-1729)

Buddeus (1667-1729), whose only daughter he married . He published in . 1716 a See also:

• WORK

work, Historia critica Latinae linguae, which soon came into wide use . Two years later he became See also:

• PROFESSOR (the Latin noun formed from the verb profiteri, to declare publicly, to acknowledge, profess)

professor extraordinarius of See also:

• PHILOSOPHY (Gr. gthos, fond of, and vo4 (a, wisdom)

philosophy at Jena . In 1719 he was appointed professor ordinarius of See also:

• RHETORIC (Gr. psroperctj TEXvq, the art of the orator)

rhetoric, in 1721 of See also:

• POETRY

poetry, and in 1724 professor extraordinarius of See also:

• THEOLOGY

theology . In 1728 he became professor ordinarius of theology, and in 1750 professor prilnarius . His theological position was that of a very moderate orthodoxy, which had been influenced greatly by the philosophy and controversies of the Deistic See also:

• PERIOD
• PERIOD (Gr. irepioSos, a going or way round, circuit, aepi, round, and &Sis, way, road)

period . His university lectures and published See also:

• WORKS

works ranged over the wide See also:

• FIELDS, JAMES THOMAS (1817-1881)

fields of See also:

• CHURCH
• CHURCH (according to most authorities derived from the Gr. Kvpcaxov [&wµa], " the Lord's [house]," and common to many Teutonic, Slavonic and other languages under various forms—Scottish kirk, Ger. Kirche, Swed. kirka, Dan. kirke, Russ. tserkov, Buig. cerk
• CHURCH, FREDERICK EDWIN (1826-1900)
• CHURCH, GEORGE EARL (1835–1910)
• CHURCH, RICHARD WILLIAM (1815–189o)
• CHURCH, SIR RICHARD (1784–1873)

church See also:

• HISTORY

history in its various branches, particularly the literature and the controversies of the church, dogmatics, See also:

• ETHICS
• ETHICS, SHAFTESBURY, HOBBES

ethics and See also:

• PASTORAL (from Lat. pastor, a shepherd)

pastoral theology . He died on the 13th of See also:

• JANUARY

January 1775 .

Of his works the most valuable were Bibliotheca theologica (1757–'765) ; Bibliotheca patristica (1970, new ed . 1834) ; his edition of See also:

• LUTHER, MARTIN (1483-1546)

Luther's works in 24 vols . (1740–1752); Historische and theologische Einleitung in See also:

• DIE
• DIE (Fr. de, from Lat. datum, given)

die religiosen Streitigkeiten, welche sonderlich ausser der ev.-lutherischen Kirche entstanden (5 vols., 1733 ff.); the See also:

• COMPANION (through the O. Fr. compaignon or compagnon, from the Late Lat. companio,—cum, with, and panis, bread,—one who shares meals with another; the word has been wrongly derived from the Late Lat. compagnus, one of the same pages or district)

companion work to this, Einleitung in die Religionsstreitigkeiten der evangel. luth . Kirche (1730-1739), and Philosophisches Lexikon (1726, 4th ed . 1775) . His See also:

• LIFE

life, with a See also:

• COMPLETE

complete See also:

• LIST (O.E. lisle, a Teutonic word, cf. Dut. lust, Ger. Leiste, adapted in Ital. lista and Fr. lisle)
• LIST, FRIEDRICH (1789-1846)

list of his writings, which amounted to 287, Leben and Charakter See also:

• DES

des Kirchenraths J . G . Watch, was published anonymously by his son C . W . F . See also:

• WALCH, JOHANN GEORG (1693-1775)

Walch (Jena, 1777) . Cf .

Wilhelm Gass, Protestantische Dogmatik, p . 205 sq . His son, JOHANN See also:

• ERNST, HEINRICH WILHELM (1814–1865)

ERNST IMMANUEL (1725–1778), studied Semitic See also:

• LANGUAGES

languages at Jena, and also natural See also:

• SCIENCE (Lat. scientia, from scire; to learn, know)

science and See also:

• MATHEMATICS (Gr. /saBnµar1Kil, Sc. vOcvn or E7rlQTt'µn; from p iN.La, "learning" or "science ")

mathematics . In 1749 he published Einleitung in die See also:

• HARMONIC

Harmonic der Walafrid also edited Thetmar's Life of See also:

• LOUIS
• LOUIS (804–876)
• LOUIS (893–911)
• LOUIS, JOSEPH DOMINIQUE, BARON (1755-1837)
• LOUIS, or LEWIS (from the Frankish Chlodowich, Chlodwig, Latinized as Chlodowius, Lodhuwicus, Lodhuvicus, whence-in the Strassburg oath of 842-0. Fr. Lodhuwigs, then Chlovis, Loys and later Louis, whence Span. Luiz and—through the Angevin kings—Hungarian

Louis the Pious, prefixing a See also:

• PREFACE (Med. Lat. prefatia, for classical praefatio, praefari, to speak beforehand)

preface and making a few additions, and divided See also:

• EINHARD (c. 770–840)

Einhard's Vita Caroli into chapters, adding an introduction . Evangelisten, and in 1750 was appointed professor extraordinarius of theology . Five years later he became professor ordinarius of See also:

• LOGIC (Xoy1K7, sc. rixvrt, the art of reasoning)

logic and See also:

• METAPHYSICS
• METAPHYSICS, or METAPHYSIC (from Gr. /sera, after, d v med, things of nature, lots, i.e. the natural universe)

metaphysics; in 1759 he exchanged this for a professorship of rhetoric and poetry . Amongst other theological works he published Dissertationes in Acta Apostolorum (1756-1761); Antiquitates symbolicae (1772); and after his See also:

• DEATH

death appeared Observationes in Matthaeum ex Graecis inscriptionibus (1779) . He also published a periodical Der Naturforscher (1774-1778), and during the years 1749-1756 took an active See also:

• PART

part in editing. the Zeitungen von gelehrten Sachem . See See also:

• ARTICLE (from Lat. articulus, a joint)

article in Allgemeine deutsche Biographie; also Lebensgeschichte J . E . I . Watch (Jena, 188o), and J .

G . Meusel's Lexikon der verstorbenen teutschen Schriftsteller, vol. xiv . Another son, See also:

• CHRISTIAN
• CHRISTIAN, WILLIAM (1608-1663)

CHRISTIAN WILHELM See also:

• FRANZ, ROBERT (1815-1892)

FRANZ (1726-1784), was educated at Jena under his father's direction, and as See also:

• EARLY
• EARLY, JUBAL ANDERSON (1816-1894)

early as 1745—1747 lectured in the university in branches of exegesis, philosophy and history . He then travelled with his See also:

• BROTHER

brother, J . E . I . Walch, for a See also:

• YEAR

year in See also:

• HOLLAND
• HOLLAND, CHARLES (1733–1769)
• HOLLAND, COUNTY AND PROVINCE OF
• HOLLAND, HENRY FOX, 1ST BARON (1705–1774)
• HOLLAND, HENRY RICH, 1ST EARL OF (1S9o-,649)
• HOLLAND, HENRY RICHARD VASSALL FOX, 3RD
• HOLLAND, JOSIAH GILBERT (1819-1881)
• HOLLAND, PHILEMON (1552-1637)
• HOLLAND, RICHARD, or RICHARD DE HOLANDE (fl. 1450)
• HOLLAND, SIR HENRY, BART

Holland, See also:

• FRANCE
• FRANCE, ANATOLE (1844– )

France, See also:

• SWITZERLAND

Switzerland and See also:

• ITALY
• ITALY (Italia)

Italy . On his return he was in 1750 made professor extraordinarius of philosophy in Jena, but in 1753 he accepted an invitation to become professor ordinarius at See also:

• GOTTINGEN

Gottingen . Here in 1754 he became professor extraordinarius of theology, and three years later received an See also:

• ORDINARY (med. Lat. ordinarius, Fr. ordinaire)

ordinary professorship . He lectured on dogmatics, church history, ethics, polemics, natural theology, symbolics, the epistles of See also:

• PAUL
• PAUL (PAULUS)

Paul, Christian antiquities, See also:

• HISTORICAL

historical theological literature, ecclesiastical See also:

• LAW
• LAW (0. Eng. lagu, M. Eng. lawe; from an old Teutonic root lag, " lie," what lies fixed or evenly; cf. Lat. lex, Fr. loi)
• LAW, JOHN (1671—1729)
• LAW, WILLIAM (1686-1761)

law and the fathers, and took an active See also:

• INTEREST

interest in the work of the Gottinger Societat der Wissenschaften . In 1766 he was appointed professor primarius . His permanent See also:

• PLACE (through Fr. from Lat. platea, street; Gr. IrAar6s, wide)

place amongst learned theologians rests on his works on church history .

See also:

• SEMLER, JOHANN SALOMO (1725-179I)

Semler was much his See also:

• SUPERIOR

superior in originality and boldness, and See also:

• MOSHEIM, JOHANN LORENZ VON (c. 1694-1755)

Mosheim in clearness, method and elegance . But to his wide, deep and accurate learning, to his conscientious and impartial examination of the facts and the authorities at first See also:

• HAND
• HAND (a word common to Teutonic languages; cf. Ger. Hand, Goth. handus)
• HAND, FERDINAND GOTTHELF (1786-185r)

hand, and to " his exact See also:

• QUOTATION

quotation of the See also:

• SOURCES

sources and works illustrating them, and careful discussion of the most See also:

• MINUTE
• MINUTE (Lat. minutes, small; minuere, to make less)

minute details," all succeeding historians are indebted . His method is See also:

• CRITICAL (in alphabetical order of authors)

critical and pragmatic, " pursuing everywhere the exact facts and the supposed causes of the outward changes of history," leaving wholly out of sight the deeper moving principles and ideas which See also:

• INFLUENCE (Late Lat. influentia, from influere, to flow in)

influence its course . He died on the loth of See also:

• MARCH
• MARCH (1) (from Fr. marcher, to walk; the earliest sense in French appears to be " to trample," and the origin has usually been found in the Lat. marcus, hammer; Low Lat. marcare, to hammer; hence to beat the road with the regular tread of a soldier: cf.
• MARCH, AUZIAS (c. "1395-1458)
• MARCH, EARLS OF
• MARCH, FRANCIS ANDREW (1825– )

March 17His See also:

• PRINCIPAL

principal work was his Entwurf einer vollstdndigen Historie der Ketzereien, Spaltungen, and Religionsstreitigkeiten, bis auf die Zeit der See also:

• REFORMATION
• REFORMATION, THE

Reformation (II vols., Leipzig, 1762-1785) . Of his other valuable works may be mentioned Geschichte der evangelisch-lutherischen See also:

• RELIGION
• RELIGION, FOLKLORE, CUSTOM

Religion, als ein Beweis, See also:

• BASS
• BASS (the same word as " base," and so pronounced, but influenced in spelling by the Ital. basso)

Bass sic die wahre sei (1753), Entwurf einer vollstandigen Historie der romischen Papste (1756, 2nd e 1758; Eng. trans . 1759), Entwurf einer vollstdndigen Historie der Kirchenversammiungen (1759), Grundsdtze der Kirchengeschichte des Neuen Testaments (1761, 2nd ed . 1773, 3rd ed . 1792), Bibliotheca symbolica vetus (1770), Kritische Untersuchung vom Gebrauch der heiligen Schrijt unter den See also:

• ALIEN (Lat. alienus)

alien Christen (1779), occasioned by the controversy between G . E . See also:

• LESSING, GOTTHOLD EPHRAIM (1729–1781)

Lessing and J . M . Goeze, and to which Lessing began an elaborate reply just before his death .

On C . W . F . Watch as historian see F . See also:

• BAUR, FERDINAND CHRISTIAN (1792-1860)

Baur, Epochen der kirchlichen Geschichtsschreibung (1852), p . 145 sq., and Dogmengeschichte, p . 38 sq . (1867, 3rd ed.); W . Gass, Geschichte der protestantischen Dogmatik, p . 267 sq.; J . G . Meusel, See also:

• LEXICON

Lexicon verstorbener teutschen Schriftsteller, vol. xiv .

For his life, see the article in the Allgemeine deutsche Biographic . A third son, KARL See also:

• FRIEDRICH, JOHANN (1836— )

FRIEDRICH (1734-1799), devoted himself to the study of law, and became professor of law at Jena in 1759 . His most important works were Introductio in controversias See also:

• JURIS

juris See also:

• CIVILIS, CLAUDIUS

civilis recentioris (Jena, 1771) and Geschichte der in Deutschland geltenden Rechte (Jena, 178o) . He died on the loth of See also:

• JULY

July 1799 .