See also:

• WALRUS, or MORSE (Odobaenus rosmarus)

WALRUS, or See also:

• MORSE, SAMUEL FINLEY BREESE (1791—1872)

MORSE (Odobaenus rosmarus)  , a large marine mammal allied to the See also:

• SEALS

seals, representing a See also:

• FAMILY

family by itself . The former word is a modification of the Scandinavian vallross or hvalros (" See also:

• WHALE

whale-See also:

• HORSE (a word common to Teutonic languages in such forms as hors, hros, ros; cf. the Ger. ross)

horse "), the latter an See also:

• ADAPTATION (from Lat. adaptare. to fit to)

adaptation of the See also:

• RUSSIAN

Russian name for the See also:

• ANIMAL
• ANIMAL (Lat. animalis, from anima, breath, soul)

animal . A full-grown male See also:

• WALRUS, or MORSE (Odobaenus rosmarus)

walrus See also:

• MEASURES

measures from to to 11 ft. from the See also:

• NOSE (O.Eng. nosu, cf. Dutch neus, Swed. nos, snout; the Aix in Provence. Both at Aix and at Lyons he acquired great connexion with O.Eng. nasu is obscure, cf. Ger. Nase, Lat. pares, distinction by his labours during outbreaks of the plague. In nostrils,

nose to the end of the See also:

• SHORT, FRANCIS JOB (1857– )

short tail, and is a heavy, bulky animal, especially thick about the shoulders . The See also:

• HEAD (in 0. Eng. heafad; the word is common to Teutonic languages; cf. Dutch hoofd, Ger. Haupt, generally taken to be in origin connected with Lat. caput, Gr. KerbOvi7)
• HEAD, SIR EDMUND WALKER, BART
• HEAD, SIR FRANCIS BOND, BART

head is rounded, the eyes are rather small, and there are no See also:

• EXTERNAL

external ears . The muzzle is short and broad, with, on each See also:

• SIDE
• SIDE (mod. Eski Adalia)

side, a See also:

• GROUP

group of stiff, bristly whiskers, which become stouter and shorter in old animals . The tail scarcely projects beyond the skin . The fore-limbs are See also:

• FREE

free only from the See also:

• ELBOW

elbow; the fore-flipper is broad, See also:

• FLAT (a modification of O. Eng. flet, an obsolete word of Teutonic origin, meaning the ground beneath the feet)

flat and webbed, the five digits being of nearly equal length, but the first slightly the longest . Each See also:

• DIGIT (Lat. digit us, finger)

digit has a small flattened See also:

• NAIL (O. Eng. naegal, cf. Dutch, Ger., Swed. nagel; the word is also related to Lat. unguis, Gr. ovu, Sans. nakhas)

nail, situated on the inner See also:

• SURFACE

surface at a considerable distance from the end . The See also:

• HIND

hind-limbs are enclosed in the skin of the See also:

• BODY

body, almost to the See also:

• HEEL

heel . The free portion when See also:

• EXPANDED

expanded is See also:

• FAN (Lat. vannus; Fr. eventail)

fan-shaped, the two See also:

• OUTER

outer toes (first and fifth) being the longest, especially the latter . Flaps of skin project considerably beyond the bones of the toes . The nails of the first and fifth toes are See also:

• MINUTE
• MINUTE (Lat. minutes, small; minuere, to make less)

minute and flattened; those of the second, third and See also:

• FOURTH

fourth elongated, sub-compressed and pointed .

The soles of both fore and hind feet are See also:

• BARE

bare, rough and warty . The surface of the skin generally is covered with short, adpressed See also:

• HAIR (a word common to Teutonic languages)

hair of a See also:

• LIGHT

light yellowish-See also:

• BROWN
• BROWN, CHARLES BROCKDEN (1771-181o)
• BROWN, FORD MADOX (1821-1893)
• BROWN, FRANCIS (1849- )
• BROWN, GEORGE (1818-188o)
• BROWN, HENRY KIRKE (1814-1886)
• BROWN, JACOB (1775–1828)
• BROWN, JOHN (1715–1766)
• BROWN, JOHN (1722-1787)
• BROWN, JOHN (1735–1788)
• BROWN, JOHN (1784–1858)
• BROWN, JOHN (1800-1859)
• BROWN, JOHN (1810—1882)
• BROWN, JOHN GEORGE (1831— )
• BROWN, ROBERT (1773-1858)
• BROWN, SAMUEL MORISON (1817—1856)
• BROWN, SIR GEORGE (1790-1865)
• BROWN, SIR JOHN (1816-1896)
• BROWN, SIR WILLIAM, BART
• BROWN, THOMAS (1663-1704)
• BROWN, THOMAS (1778-1820)
• BROWN, THOMAS EDWARD (1830-1897)
• BROWN, WILLIAM LAURENCE (1755–1830)

brown See also:

• COLOUR (Lat. color, connected with celare, to hide, the root meaning, therefore, being that of a covering)

colour, which, on the under parts of the body and See also:

• BASE

base of the flippers, passes into dark reddish-brown or See also:

• CHESTNUT (nux Castanea)

chestnut . In old animals the hair becomes more scanty, sometimes almost disappearing, and the skin shows See also:

• EVIDENCE (Lat. evidentia, evideri, to appear clearly)

evidence of the rough See also:

• LIFE

life and pugnacious habits of the animal in the scars with which it is usually covered . It is everywhere more or less wrinkled, especially over the shoulders, where it is thrown into deep and heavy folds . One of the most striking characteristics of the walrus is thepair of tusks which descend almost directly downwards from the upper See also:

• JAW (Mid. Eng. jawe, jowe and geowe, O. Eng. cheowan, connected with " chaw " and " chew," and in form with " jowl ")

jaw, sometimes attaining a length of 20 in. or more . In the See also:

• FEMALE

female they are as See also:

• LONG, GEORGE (1800-1879)
• LONG, JOHN DAVIS (1838– )

long or sometimes longer than in the male, but less massive . In the See also:

• YOUNG
• YOUNG, A
• YOUNG, ARTHUR (1741-1820)
• YOUNG, BRIGHAM (1801-1877)
• YOUNG, CHARLES MAYNE (1777–1856)
• YOUNG, EDWARD (1683–1765)
• YOUNG, JAMES (1811-1883)
• YOUNG, THOMAS (1773-1829)

young of the first See also:

• YEAR

year they are not visible . These tusks correspond to the canine See also:

• TEETH (O.E. Eel); plural of tooth, O.E. top)

teeth of other mammals . All the other teeth, including the See also:

• LOWER

lower canines, are much alike—small, See also:

• SIMPLE

simple and one-rooted, and with crowns, rounded at first, but wearing to a flat or See also:

• CONCAVE

concave surface . Many of the teeth are lost See also:

• EARLY
• EARLY, JUBAL ANDERSON (1816-1894)

early, or remain through life in a rudimentary See also:

• STATE
• STATE, GREAT OFFICERS OF

state concealed beneath the See also:

• GUM (Fr. gomme, Lat. gommi, Gr. Kµµ1, possibly a Coptic word; distinguish " gum," the fleshy covering of the base of a tooth, in O. Eng. gbma, palate, cf. Ger. Gaumen, roof of the mouth; the ultimate origin is probably the root gha, to open wide, seen in

gum . The tusks are formidable weapons of See also:

• DEFENCE
• DEFENCE (Lat. defendere, to defend)

defence, but their See also:

• PRINCIPAL

principal use seems to be scraping and digging among See also:

• SAND
• SAND, GEORGE (1804-1876)

sand and See also:

• SHINGLE

shingle for the molluscs and crustaceans on which the walrus feeds . They are said also to aid in climbing up the slippery rocks and ledges of See also:

• ICE (a word common to Teutonic languages; cf. Ger. Eis)

ice on which so much of the animals life is passed .

Walruses are more or less gregarious in their habits, being met with generally in companies or herds of various sizes . They are only found near the See also:

• COAST (from Lat. costa, a rib, side)

coast or on large masses of floating ice, and rarely far out in the open See also:

• SEA (in O. Eng. sae, a common Teutonic word; cf. Ger. See, Dutch Zee, &c.; the ultimate source is uncertain)
• SEA, COMMAND OF THE

sea; and, though often moving from one See also:

• PART

part of their feeding-ground to another, have no See also:

• REGULAR

regular migrations . Their young are See also:

• BORN, IGNAZ, EDLER VON (1742–1791)

born between See also:

• APRIL

April and See also:

• JUNE

June, sta The See also:

• ATLANTIC

Atlantic Walrus (Odobaenus rosmarus) . usually but one at a See also:

• TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
• TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
• TIME, STANDARD

time, never more than two . Their strong See also:

• AFFECTION (Lat. ad, and facere, to do something to, sc. a person)

affection for their young, and their sympathy for each other in danger, have been noticed by all who have had the opportunity of observing them in their haunts . When one is wounded the whole See also:

• HERD (a word common to Teutonic languages; the O. Eng. form was heord; cf. Ger. Herde, Swed. and Dan. hjord; the Sans. ca'rdhas, which shows the pre-Teutonic form, means a troop)

herd usually join in defence . Although harmless and in-offensive when not molested, they exhibit considerable fierceness when attacked, using their tusks with tremendous effect either on human enemies who come into too See also:

• CLOSE
• CLOSE (from Lat. clausum, shut)
• CLOSE, MAXWELL HENRY (1822-1903)

close quarters or on polar bears, the only other adversary they can meet with in their own natural territory . The See also:

• VOICE (Fr. voix, from Lat. vox)

voice, a loud roaring, which can be heard at a See also:

• GREAT

great distance, is described by Dr See also:

• KANE
• KANE, ELISHA KENT (1820–1857)

Kane as " something between the mooing of a cow and the deepest baying of a mastiff, very See also:

• ROUND (O. Fr. rond, Lat. rotundus, the Fr. is the source also of Du. rond; Ger., Swed., Dan. and Nor. rond)

round and full, with its bark or detached notes repeated rather quickly seven or nine times in See also:

• SUCCESSION (Lat. successio, from succedere, to follow after)

succession." The principal See also:

• FOOD
• FOOD (like the verb " to feed," from a Teutonic root, whence O. Eng. foda; cf. " fodder "; connected with Gr. lrareicOae, to feed)

food of the walrus consists of bivalve molluscs, especially Ilya truncata and Saxicava rugosa, two See also:

• SPECIES

species very abundant in the See also:

• ARCTIC (Gr. "ApKroc, the Bear, the northern constellation of Ursa Major)

Arctic regions, which it digs up from the mud and sand in which they See also:

• LIE, JONAS LAURITZ EDEMIL (1833—1908)
• LIE, MARIUS SOPHUS (1842–1899)

lie buried at the bottom of the sea by means of its tusks . It crushes and removes the shells by the aid of its grinding teeth and See also:

• TONGUE (O. Eng. lunge)

tongue, and swallows only the soft parts of the animal . It also feeds on other molluscs, sand-See also:

• WORMS

worms, See also:

• STAR

star-fishes and shrimps . Portions of various kinds of seaweed have been found in its See also:

• STOMACH (Gr. vrbsaxos from arbga, a mouth)

stomach, but whether swallowed intentionally or not is doubtful . The commercial products of the walrus are its oil, hide (used to manufacture See also:

• HARNESS (from O. Fr. harneis or harnois; the ultimate origin is obscure; the Celtic origin which connects it with the Welsh haiarn, iron, has phonetic and other difficulties; the French is the origin of the Span. arnes, and Ger. Harnisch)

harness and See also:

• SOLE (Solea)

sole-See also:

• LEATHER (a word which appears in all Teutonic languages; cf. Ger. Leder, Dutch leer or leder, Swed. leder, and in such Celtic forms as Welsh llader)
• LEATHER, ARTIFICIAL

leather and See also:

• TWISTED

twisted into tiller-See also:

• ROPES, JOHN CODMAN (1836–1899)

ropes) and tusks .

The See also:

• IVORY (Fr. ivoire, Lat. ebur)
• IVORY, SIR JAMES (1765-1842)

ivory of the latter is, however, inferior in quality to that of the See also:

• ELEPHANT

elephant . Its flesh forms an important See also:

• ARTICLE (from Lat. articulus, a joint)

article of food to the See also:

• ESKIMO, ESKIMOS

Eskimo and See also:

• CHUKCHI, CHANKTUS ( Men ")

Chukchi . Of the coast tribes of the last-named See also:

• PEOPLE

people the walrus formed the See also:

• CHIEF (from Fr. chef, head, Lat. caput)

chief means of support . Walruses are confined to the See also:

• NORTHERN

northern circumpolar regions; extending apparently as far See also:

• NORTH
• NORTH, BARONS
• NORTH, MARIANNE (1830—1890)
• NORTH, ROGER (1653-1734)
• NORTH, SIR THOMAS (1535?-16o1?)

north as explorers have penetrated . On the Atlantic coast of See also:

• AMERICA

America the Atlantic species was met with in the 16th See also:

• CENTURY (from Lat. centuria, a division of a hundred men)

century as See also:

• LOW, SETH (1850- )
• LOW, WILL HICOK (1853- )

low as the See also:

• SOUTHERN

southern coast of Nova See also:

• SCOTIA (Gr. o'Karca, shadow or darkness)

Scotia, and in the last century was See also:

• COMMON

common in the Gulf of St See also:

• LAWRENCE
• LAWRENCE (LAURENTIUS, LORENZO), ST
• LAWRENCE, AMOS (1786—1852)
• LAWRENCE, AMOS ADAMS (1814–1886)
• LAWRENCE, GEORGE ALFRED (1827–1876)
• LAWRENCE, JOHN LAIRD MAIR LAWRENCE, 1ST BARON (1811-1879)
• LAWRENCE, SIR HENRY MONTGOMERY (1806–1857)
• LAWRENCE, SIR THOMAS (1769–1830)
• LAWRENCE, STRINGER (1697–1775)

Lawrence and on the shores of Labrador . It still inhabits the coast round See also:

• HUDSON
• HUDSON, GEORGE (180o-1871)
• HUDSON, HENRY
• HUDSON, JOHN (1662–1719)

Hudson's See also:

• BAY

Bay, See also:

• DAVIS (or DAVYS), JOHN (1550 ?-16o5)
• DAVIS, ANDREW JACKSON (1826—1910)
• DAVIS, CHARLES HOWARD (1857- )
• DAVIS, CUSHMAN KELLOGG (1838-1900)
• DAVIS, HENRY WILLIAM BANKS (1833- )
• DAVIS, HENRY WINTER (1817-1865)
• DAVIS, JEFFERSON (1808–1889)
• DAVIS, THOMAS OSBORNE (1814–1845)

Davis Strait and See also:

• GREENLAND (Danish, &c., Gronland)

Greenland, where, however, its See also:

• NUMBERS, BOOK OF
• NUMBERS, PARTITION OF

numbers are decreasing . It is not found on the Arctic coast of America between the 97th and 158th meridians . In See also:

• EUROPE

Europe, occasional stragglers have reached the See also:

• BRITISH

British Isles; and it was formerly abundant on the coasts of Finmark . It is rare in See also:

• ICELAND (Dan. Island)

Iceland, but Spitzbergen, Novaia Zemblia and the western part of the north coast of See also:

• SIBERIA

Siberia are See also:

• CONSTANT, BENJAMIN (1845-1902)

constant places of resort . The North Pacific, including both sides of See also:

• BERING (BEHRING), VITUS (1680-1741)

Bering Strait, northern See also:

• KAMCHATKA

Kamchatka, See also:

• ALASKA

Alaska and the Pribyloff Islands are also the haunts of numerous walruses, which are isolated from those of the North Atlantic by long stretches of coast in Siberia and North America where they do not occur . The Pacific walrus appears to be as large as, if not larger than, that of the Atlantic; its tusks are longer and more slender, and curved inwards; and the whiskers are smaller, and the muzzle relatively deeper and broader . These and certain other See also:

• DIFFERENCES, CALCULUS OF (Theory of Finite Differences)

differences have led to its being considered specifically distinct, under the name of Odobaenus obesus .

Its habits appear to be similar to those of the Atlantic See also:

• FORM (Lat. forma)

form . Though formerly found in immense herds, it is becoming scarce, as the methods of destruction used by See also:

• AMERICAN

American whalers are more certain than those of the Chukchi, to whom the walrus long afforded the principal means of subsistence . Fossil remains of walruses and closely allied animals have been found in the See also:

• UNITED

United States, and in See also:

• ENGLAND
• ENGLAND, THE CHURCH OF

England, See also:

• BELGIUM
• BELGIUM (Fr. Belgique; Flem. Belgic)

Belgium and See also:

• FRANCE
• FRANCE, ANATOLE (1844– )

France, in deposits of See also:

• LATE

late See also:

• TERTIARY

Tertiary See also:

• AGE (Fr. age, through late Lat. aetaticum, from aetas)

age . (W . H . F.; R .