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LESTER See also: American geologist and sociologist, was See also: born in See also: Joliet, See also: Illinois, on the 18th of See also: June 1841
.
He graduated at Columbian (now See also: George See also: Washington) University in 1869 and from the See also: law school of the same university in 1871, his See also: education having been delayed by his service in the Union army during the See also: Civil War
.
In 1865–1872 he was employed in the See also: United States See also: Treasury Department, and became assistant geologist in 1881 and geologist in 1888 to the U.S
.
See also: Geological Survey
.
In 1884–1886 he was professor of botany in Columbian University
.
He wrote much on paleobotany, including A Sketch of Paleobotany (1885), The See also: Geographical Distribution of Fossil See also: Plants (1888) and The Status of the Mesozoic Floras of the United States (1905)
.
He is better known, however, for his See also: work in See also: sociology, in which, modifying See also: Herbert See also: Spencer and refuting the Spencerian individualism, he paralleled social with psychological and See also: physical phenomena
.
His more important See also: works are: Dynamic Sociology (1883, 2nd ed
.
1897), Psychic Factors of See also: Civilization (1897), Outlines of Sociology (1898), Sociology and See also: Economics (1899), Pure Sociology (1903), and, with J
.
Q
.
Dealy, Text-See also: Book of Sociology (19o5)
.
See an appreciation by L
.
Gumplowicz, in Die Zeit (Vienna, loth Aug . 1904) ; reprinted inSee also: English in vol. x. of The American Journal of Sociology
.
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