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WILLIAM WARHAM (c. 1450-1532)

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Originally appearing in Volume V28, Page 326 of the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica.
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WILLIAM See also:WARHAM (c. 1450-1532)  , See also:archbishop of Canter-See also:bury, belonged to a See also:Hampshire See also:family, and was educated at See also:Winchester and New See also:College, See also:Oxford, afterwards practising and teaching See also:law both in See also:London and Oxford . Later he took See also:holy orders, held two livings, and became See also:master of the rolls in 1494, while See also:Henry VII. found him a useful and See also:clever diplomatist . He helped to arrange the See also:marriage between Henry's son, See also:Arthur, and See also:Catherine of See also:Aragon; he went to See also:Scotland with See also:Richard See also:Foxe, then See also:bishop of See also:Durham, in 1497; and he was partly responsible for several commercial and other See also:treaties with See also:Flanders, See also:Burgundy and the See also:German See also:king, See also:Maximilian I . In 1502 See also:Warham was consecrated bishop of London and became keeper of the See also:great See also:seal, but his See also:tenure of both these offices was See also:short, as in 1504 he became See also:lord See also:chancellor and archbishop of See also:Canterbury . In 1509 the archbishop married and then crowned Henry VIII. and Catherine of Aragon, but gradually withdrawing into the background he resigned the See also:office of lord chancellor in 1515, and was succeeded by See also:Wolsey, whom he had consecrated as bishop of See also:Lincoln in the previous See also:year . This resignation was possibly due to his dislike of Henry's See also:foreign policy . He was See also:present at the See also:Field of the See also:Cloth of See also:Gold in 1520, and assisted Wolsey as See also:assessor during the See also:secret inquiry into the validity of Henry's marriage with Catherine in 1527 . Throughout the See also:divorce proceedings Warham's position was essentially that of an old and weary See also:man . He was named as one of the counsellors to assist the See also:queen, but, fearing to incur the king's displeasure and using his favourite phrase ira principis See also:mars est, he gave her very little help; and he signed the See also:letter to See also:Clement VII. which urged the See also:pope to assent to Henry's wish . Afterwards it was proposed that the archbishop himself should try the See also:case, but this See also:suggestion came to nothing . He presided over the See also:Convocation of 1531 when the See also:clergy of the See also:province of Canterbury voted roo,000 to the king in See also:order to avoid the penalties of See also:praemunire, and accepted Henry as supreme See also:head of the See also:church with the saving clause " so far as the law of See also:Christ allows." In his concluding years, however, the archbishop showed rather more See also:independence . In See also:February 1532 he protested against all acts concerning the church passed by the See also:parliament which met in 1529, but this did not prevent the important proceedings which secured the See also:complete submission of the church to the See also:state later in the same year .

Against this further compliance with Henry's wishes Warham See also:

drew up a protest; he likened the See also:action of Henry VIII. to that of Henry II., and urged Magna Carta in See also:defence of the liberties of the church . He died on the 22nd of See also:August 1532 and was buried in Canterbury See also:cathedral . Warham, who was chancellor of Oxford University from 15o6 until his See also:death, was munificent in his public, and moderate in his private See also:life . As archbishop he seems to have been somewhat arbitrary, and his action led to a serious See also:quarrel with Bishop Foxe of Winchester and others in 1512 . See W . F . See also:Hook, Lives of the Archbishops of Canterbury (1860—1876) ; J . See also:Gairdner in See also:Diet . Nat . Biog., vol. lix . (1899), and The See also:English Church in the 16th See also:Century (1902); J . S .

See also:

Brewer, Reign of Henry VIII . (1884); and A . F . See also:Pollard, Henry VIII . (1905) .

End of Article: WILLIAM WARHAM (c. 1450-1532)
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