Online Encyclopedia

JOSEPH WARTON (1722-1800)

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Originally appearing in Volume V28, Page 336 of the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica.
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JOSEPH WARTON (1722-1800)  ,
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English critic and poet, eldest son of Thomas Warton (see below), was baptized at
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Duns-
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fold, Surrey, on the 22nd of
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April 1722, and entered Winchester school on the foundation in 1735 . William Collins was already there, and the two formed a friendship which was maintained through their Oxford career . They read Milton and Spenser together, and wrote verses, which, published in the Gentleman's
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Magazine, attracted the attention of Dr Johnson . Warton went to Oriel College, Oxford, in 1740, and took his B.A. degree in 1744 . He took
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holy orders, and during his
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father's lifetime acted as his curate at
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Basingstoke . He then went to
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Chelsea,
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London; but eventually returned to Basingstoke . He married, became rector of Winslade (1748), of
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Tun worth (1754); in 1755 he was appointed a master in Winchester school, and headmaster in 1766 .. He was not a successful schoolmaster, and when the boys mutinied against him for the third time he wisely resigned his position (1793) . His leisure was devoted to literature . Warton was far from having the genius of Collins, but they were at one in their impatience under the prevailing taste for moral and ethical
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poetry . Whoever wishes to understand how early the reaction against Pope's style began should read Warton's The Enthusiast, the period; but its
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present magnificence it owes to the
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grand-duke Charles Alexander of Saxe-
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Weimar, with whom at certain seasons of the
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year it was a favourite residence . The most interesting
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part of the castle is the Romanesque Landgrafenhaus .

This, besides a

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chapel, contains two magnificent halls known as the Sdngersaal (hall of the minstrels)—in which Wagner
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lays one act of his opera and the Festsaal (festival hall) . The Slingersaal is decorated with a
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fine fresco, representing the minstrels' contest, by Moritz von Schwind, who also executed the frescoes in other parts of the
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building illustrating the legends of St Elizabeth and of the founding of the castle by Louis the Springer . The Festsaal has frescoes illustrating the triumphs of
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Christianity, by Welter . In the buildings of the
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outer court of the castle is the
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room once occupied by Luther, containing a much mutilated four-
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post bed and other relics of the reformer . The famous blot caused by Luther's hurling his ink-pot at the devil has long since become a mere hole in the wall, owing— it is said—to the passion of
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American tourists for " souvenirs." The armoury (Rustkammer) contains a fine collection of armour, including suits formerly belonging to Henry II. of France, the elector Frederick the Wise and Pope
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Julius II . The
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great watch-tower of the castle commands a magnificent view of the Thuringian
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forest on the one side and the plain on the other .

End of Article: JOSEPH WARTON (1722-1800)
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