See also:

• WASTE (O. Fr. wast, guast, gast, gaste; Lat. vastus, vast, desolate)

WASTE (O. Fr. wast, guast, gast, gaste; See also:

• LAT

Lat. vastus, vast, desolate)  , a See also:

• TERM

term used in See also:

• ENGLISH

English See also:

• LAW
• LAW (0. Eng. lagu, M. Eng. lawe; from an old Teutonic root lag, " lie," what lies fixed or evenly; cf. Lat. lex, Fr. loi)
• LAW, JOHN (1671—1729)
• LAW, WILLIAM (1686-1761)

law in several senses, of which four are the most important . (I) " See also:

• WASTE (O. Fr. wast, guast, gast, gaste; Lat. vastus, vast, desolate)

Waste of a See also:

• MANOR

manor " is that See also:

• PART

part of a manor subject to rights of See also:

• COMMON

common, as distinguished from the See also:

• LORD
• LORD (O. Eng. hldford, i.e. hldfweard, the warder or keeper of bread, hlIf, loaf; the word is not represented in any other Teutonic language)
• LORD, JOHN (1810-1894)

lord's See also:

• DEMESNE (DEMESNE, DEMAIN, DOMAIN, &c.)

demesne (see See also:

• COMMONS

COMMONS, MANOR) . (2) " See also:

• YEAR

Year, See also:

• DAY (O. Eng. dreg, Ger. Tag; according to the New English Dictionary, " in no way related to the Lat. dies")
• DAY, JOHN (1574-1640?)
• DAY, THOMAS (1748-1789)

day, and waste " was a part of the royal See also:

• PREROGATIVE

prerogative, acknowledged by a See also:

• STATUTE

statute of See also:

• EDWARD

Edward II.; De Fraerogativa Regis . The See also:

• KING
• KING (O. Eng. cyning, abbreviated into cyng, cing; cf. O. H. G. chun- kuning, chun- kunig, M.H.G. kiinic, kiinec, kiinc, Mod. Ger. Konig, O. Norse konungr, kongr, Swed. konung, kung)
• KING [OF OCKHAM], PETER KING, 1ST BARON (1669-1734)
• KING, CHARLES WILLIAM (1818-1888)
• KING, CLARENCE (1842–1901)
• KING, EDWARD (1612–1637)
• KING, EDWARD (1829–1910)
• KING, HENRY (1591-1669)
• KING, RUFUS (1755–1827)
• KING, THOMAS (1730–1805)
• KING, WILLIAM (1650-1729)
• KING, WILLIAM (1663–1712)

king had the profits of See also:

• FREEHOLD

freehold lands of those attainted of See also:

• FELONY (0. Fr. felonie, from felon, a word meaning " wicked," common to Romanic languages, cf. Italian fella, fellone, the ultimate origin of which is obscure, but is possibly connected either with Lat. fel, gall, or fallere, to deceive. The English " fel

felony and See also:

• PETIT, SIR DINSHAW MANECKJI, BART

petit See also:

• TREASON (Fr. trahison, Lat. traditio)

treason, and of fugitives for a year and a day with a right of committing waste in sense (3) thereon . After the expiration of a year and a day the lands returned to the lord of the See also:

• FEE

fee . This See also:

• SPECIES

species of waste was abolished by the Corruption of See also:

• BLOOD

Blood See also:

• ACT (Lat. actus, actum)

Act 1814 (see FELONY, TREASON) . (3) The most usual signification of the word is " any unauthorized act of a ten4__c, for a freehold See also:

• ESTATE (through O. Fr. estat, mod. flat, from Lat. status, state, condition, position, stare, to stand)

estate not of See also:

• INHERITANCE

inheritance, or for any lesser See also:

• INTEREST

interest, which substantially alters the permanent See also:

• CHARACTER (Gr. xapareri7p, from xap&crew, to scratch)

character of the thing demised (i.) by diminishing its value, (ii.) by increasing the See also:

• BURDEN, or BURTHEN

burden on it . (iii.) by impairing the See also:

• EVIDENCE (Lat. evidentia, evideri, to appear clearly)

evidence of See also:

• TITLE (0. Fr. title, mod. titre, from Lat. titulus)

title and thereby injuring the " inheritance " (See also:

• WEST
• WEST, BENJAMIN (1738-1820)
• WEST, NICHOLAS (1461-1533)

West See also:

• HAM

Ham Charity See also:

• BOARD (O. Eng. bord)

Board v . See also:

• EAST
• EAST, ALFRED (1849- )

East See also:

• LONDON

London W.W., 1900, I Ch . 624, 637; cf . See also:

• POLLOCK

Pollock, Law of Torts, 7th ed., 345) . Waste in sense (3) is either voluntary or permissive .

Voluntary waste is by act of See also:

• COMMISSION (from Lat. commissio, committere)

commission, as by pulling down a See also:

• HOUSE
• HOUSE (O. Eng. hiss, a word common to Teutonic languages, cf. Dut. huis, Ger. Haus; in Gothic it is only found in gudhiss, a temple; it may be ultimately connected with the root of " hide," conceal)

house, wrongfully removing See also:

• FIXTURES (Lat. figere, to fix)

fixtures (q.v.), cutting down See also:

• TIMBER

timber trees, i.e. See also:

• OAK (O. Eng., (lc)

oak, ash, See also:

• ELM

elm, twenty years old, and such other trees, e.g. See also:

• BEECH

beech, as by See also:

• SPECIAL

special See also:

• CUSTOM (from O. Fr. costume, costume or coustume; Low Lat. costuma, a shortened form of consuetudo)

custom are counted timber, in the See also:

• DISTRICT

district, opening new quarries or mines (but not continuing the working of existing ones), or doing anything which may—for this is the See also:

• MODERN

modern test—alter the nature of the thing demised, such as See also:

• CONVERSION (Lat. conversio, from convertere, to turn or ,change)

conversion of arable into meadow See also:

• LAND

land . Although an act may technically be waste, it will not as a See also:

• RULE

rule constitute actionable waste, or be restrained by See also:

• INJUNCTION (from Lat. injungere, to fasten, or attach to, to lay a burden or charge on, to enjoin)

injunction, in the See also:

• ABSENCE (Lat. absentia)

absence of some prohibitive stipulation if it is " ameliorating," i.e. if it improves the value of the land demised (see Meux v . Cobley, 1892, 2 Ch . 253, 263) . In the See also:

• CASE
• CASE, JOHN (d. 1600)

case of " timber estates " upon which trees of various kinds are cultivated solely for their produce and the profit gained from their periodical See also:

• FELLING

felling and cutting. the timber is not considered as part of the inheritance but as the See also:

• ANNUAL

annual fruits cf the estate, and an exception arises in favour of the See also:

• TENANT (from Lat. tenere, to hold)

tenant for See also:

• LIFE

life (see Dashwood v . Magniac, 1891, 3 ('h . 3o6) . Under the Settled the See also:

• ANCIENT
• ANCIENT (also spelt ANTIENT; derived, through the Fr. ancien, old, from the late Lat. antianum, from ante, before)

ancient See also:

• FORM (Lat. forma)

form of " toasting," the term being applied later to the See also:

• CHRISTMAS (i.e. the Mass of Christ)

Christmas feasting and revelries and particularly to the bowl of spiced See also:

• ALE

ale or See also:

• WINE (Lat. vinum, Gr. oivos)

wine which was a feature of the See also:

• MEDIEVAL

medieval Christmas . One of the earliest references to the See also:

• WASSAIL (0. Eng. woes hal, " be whole," " be well ")

wassail-bowl in English See also:

• HISTORY

history is in the description of the reception of King See also:

• VORTIGERN (GUORTHIGIRNUS, WYRTGEORN)

Vortigern by Hengist, when Rowena " came into the king's presence, with a See also:

• CUP (in O.E. cuppe; generally taken to be from Late Lat. cuppa, a variant of Lat. cupa, a cask, cf. Gr. KuaeXXov)

cup of See also:

• GOLD
• GOLD [symbol Au, atomic weight 195.7(H = 1),197.2(0 =16)]

gold filled with wine in her See also:

• HAND
• HAND (a word common to Teutonic languages; cf. Ger. Hand, Goth. handus)
• HAND, FERDINAND GOTTHELF (1786-185r)

hand, and making a See also:

• LOW, SETH (1850- )
• LOW, WILL HICOK (1853- )

low reverence unto the king said, ` Waes hael hlaford Cyning,' which is ` Be of See also:

• HEALTH

health, Lord King.' " In a collection of ordinances for the regulations of the royal See also:

• HOUSEHOLD, ROYAL

household in See also:

• HENRY
• HENRY (1129-1195)
• HENRY (c. 1108-1139)
• HENRY (c. 1174–1216)
• HENRY (Fr. Henri; Span. Enrique; Ger. Heinrich; Mid. H. Ger. Heinrich and Heimrich; O.H.G. Haimi- or Heimirih, i.e. " prince, or chief of the house," from O.H.G. heim, the Eng. home, and rih, Goth. reiks; compare Lat. rex " king "—" rich," therefore " mig
• HENRY, EDWARD LAMSON (1841– )
• HENRY, JAMES (1798-1876)
• HENRY, JOSEPH (1797-1878)
• HENRY, MATTHEW (1662-1714)
• HENRY, PATRICK (1736–1799)
• HENRY, PRINCE OF BATTENBERG (1858-1896)
• HENRY, ROBERT (1718-1790)
• HENRY, VICTOR (1850– )
• HENRY, WILLIAM (1795-1836)

Henry VII.'s reign, the steward on Twelfth See also:

• NIGHT

Night was to cry " wassail " three times on entering with the bowl, the royal See also:

• CHAPLAIN

chaplain responding with a See also:

• SONG

song . Wassailing was as much a custom in the monasteries as in laymen's houses, the bowl being known as poculum Caritatis . What was popularly known as wassailing was the custom of trimming with See also:

• RIBBONS

ribbons and sprigs of See also:

• ROSEMARY

rosemary mode of cropping on arable land, but if he exercises his statutory freedom of cropping in such a manner as to injure or deteriorate his holding, the landlord is entitled to recover See also:

• DAMAGES (through O. Fr. damage, mod. Fr. dommage, from Lat. damnum, loss)

damages for such injury, &c . (S .

3) . Remedies for Waste.—Various remedies for waste have been given to the reversioner at different periods in the history of English law . At common law only single damages seem to have been recoverable . This was altered by the legislature, and for some centuries waste was a criminal or quasi-criminal offence . Magna Carta enacted that a See also:

• GUARDIAN

guardian committing waste of the lands in his custody should make amends and lose his See also:

• OFFICE (from Lat. officium, " duty," " service," a shortened form of opifacium, from facere, " to do," and either the stem of opes, " wealth," " aid," or opus, " work ")

office . The statute of See also:

• MARLBOROUGH
• MARLBOROUGH, EARLS AND DUKES OF
• MARLBOROUGH, JOHN CHURCHILL, 1ST DUKE OF (1650-1722)

Marlborough (1267) made a " fermor " (as above defined) committing waste liable to grievous See also:

• AMERCEMENT, or AMERCIAMENT (derived, through the Fr. (I merci, from Lat. merces, pay)

amercement as well as to damages, and followed Magna Carta in forbidding waste by a guardian . The statute of See also:

• GLOUCESTER
• GLOUCESTER (abbreviated as pronounced Glo'ster)
• GLOUCESTER, EARLS AND DUKES OF
• GLOUCESTER, GILBERT DE CLARE, EARL OF (1243-1295)
• GLOUCESTER, RICHARD DE CLARE, EARL OF (1222-1262)
• GLOUCESTER, ROBERT, EARL OF (d. 1147)
• GLOUCESTER, THOMAS OF WOODSTOCK, DUKE

Gloucester (1278) enacted that a See also:

• WRIT (O. Eng. gewrit, writ, from writan, to write)

writ of waste might be granted against a tenant for life or years or in See also:

• COURTESY (O. Fr. curtesie, later courtoisie)

courtesy or See also:

• DOWER (through the Old Fr. douaire from late Lat. dotarium, classical Lat. dos, dowry)

dower, and on being attainted of waste the tenant was to forfeit the land wasted and to pay thrice: the amount of the waste . This statute was repealed by the See also:

• CIVIL

Civil See also:

• PROCEDURE (Fr. procedure, from Lat. procedere, to go for-ward)

Procedure Acts See also:

• REPEAL (O.F. rapel, modern rappel, from rapeler, rappeler, revoke, re and appeler, appeal)

Repeal Act 1879 . In addition to the writ of waste the writ of estrepement (said to be a corruption of exstirpamenium, and to he connected with the See also:

• FRENCH
• FRENCH, DANIEL CHESTER (1850– )
• FRENCH, NICHOLAS (1604-1678)

French estropier , to lame) See also:

• LAY

lay to prevent injury to an estate to which the title was disputed . This writ has See also:

• LONG, GEORGE (1800-1879)
• LONG, JOHN DAVIS (1838– )

long been obsolete . Numerous other statutes dealt with remedies for waste . The writ of waste was superseded at common law by the " mixed See also:

• ACTION

action " of waste (itself abolished by the Real See also:

• PROPERTY

Property See also:

• LIMITATION, STATUTES OF

Limitation Act 1833), and by the action of trespass on the case (see See also:

• TORT (Fr. for wrong, from Lat. tortus, twisted, participle of torquere)

TORT, TRESPASS) .

The See also:

• COURT
• COURT (from the O. Fr. court, Late Lat. cortis, curtis, a popular form of class. Lat. cohors, gen. cohortis; the mod. Fr. form tour is due to the influence of the Lat. curia, the word used in medieval documents to translate " court " in the feudal sense)
• COURT, ANTOINE (1696-176o)

court of See also:

• CHANCERY

chancery also intervened by in-junction to restrain equitable waste . At See also:

• PRESENT

present proceedings may be taken either by action for damages, or by application for an injunction, or by both combined, and either in the king's See also:

• BENCH (an O.E. and Eng. form of a word common to Teutonic languages, cf. Ger. Bank, Dan. baenk and the Eng. doublet " bank ")

bench or in the chancery divisions . By the Judicature Act 1873, s . 25 (8), the old See also:

• JURISDICTION
• JURISDICTION, CRIMINAL LAW, DIVORCE

jurisdiction to See also:

• GRANT (from A.-Fr. graunter, O. Fr. greanter for creanter, popular Lat. creantare, for credentare, to entrust, Lat. credere, to believe, trust)
• GRANT, ANNE (1755-1838)
• GRANT, CHARLES (1746-1823)
• GRANT, GEORGE MONRO (1835–1902)
• GRANT, JAMES (1822–1887)
• GRANT, JAMES AUGUSTUS (1827–1892)
• GRANT, ROBERT (1814-1892)
• GRANT, SIR ALEXANDER
• GRANT, SIR FRANCIS (1803-1878)
• GRANT, SIR JAMES HOPE (1808–1895)
• GRANT, SIR PATRICK (1804-1895)
• GRANT, U
• GRANT, ULYSSES SIMPSON (1822-1885)

grant injunctions to prevent threatened waste is considerably enlarged . The Rules of the Supreme Court, Ord. xvi . T . 37, enable a representative action to be brought for the prevention of waste . In See also:

• ORDER
• ORDER (through Fr. ordre, for earlier ordene, from Lat. ordo, ordinis, rank, service, arrangement; the ultimate source is generally taken to be the root seen in Lat. oriri, rise, arise, begin; cf. " origin ")
• ORDER, HOLY

order to obtain damages or an injunction, substantial injury or danger of it must be proved . In See also:

• ENGLAND
• ENGLAND, THE CHURCH OF

England only the high court (unless by agreement of the parties) has jurisdiction in questions of waste, but in See also:

• IRELAND
• IRELAND, CHURCH
• IRELAND, CHURCH OF
• IRELAND, JOHN (1761-1842)
• IRELAND, JOHN (1838- )
• IRELAND, WILLIAM HENRY (1777-1835)

Ireland, where the law of waste is similar to English law, See also:

• COUNTY (through Norm. Fr. comae, cf. O. Fr. cunte, conk', Mod. Fr. comae, from Lat. comitatus, cf. Ital. comitato, Prov. comtat; see COUNT)

county courts and courts of See also:

• SUMMARY

summary jurisdiction have co-See also:

• ORDINATE

ordinate authority to a limited extent (cf . Land Act 186o, ss . 35-39) . The law of waste as it affects ecclesiastical benefices will be found under DILAPIDATIONS .

(4) " Waste of See also:

• ASSETS (from the O. Nor. Fr. assetz, mod. Fr. asset, " enough")

assets " or " devastavit " is a squandering and misapplication of the estate and effects of a deceased See also:

• PERSON, OFFENCES AGAINST THE

person by his executors or administrators, for which they are answerable out of their own pockets as far as they have or might have had assets of the deceased (see EXECUTORS AND ADMINISTRATORS) . Executors and administrators may now be sued in the county court for waste of assets (County Courts Act 1888, s . 95) . See also:

• SCOTLAND
• SCOTLAND, CHURCH OF
• SCOTLAND, EPISCOPAL CHURCH OF

Scotland.—In Scots law " waste " is not used as a technical term, but the respective rights of fiar and life-renter are much the same as in England . As a See also:

• GENERAL
• GENERAL (Lat. generalis, of or relating to a genus, kind or class)

general rule, a life-renter has no right to cut timber, even though planted by himself . An exception is admitted in the case of See also:

• COPPICE, or COPSE (from an O. Fr. copeis or coupeis, from Late Lat. colpare, to cut with a blow; colpas, the Late Lat. for "blow," is a shortened form of colapus or colaphus, adapted from the Gr. ,co)

coppice See also:

• WOOD, ANTHONY A2 (1632-1695)
• WOOD, JOHN GEORGE (1827—1889)
• WOOD, MRS HENRY [ELLEN] (1814—1887)
• WOOD, SEARLES VALENTINE (1798—188o)

wood, which is cut at See also:

• REGULAR

regular intervals and Land Act 1882 a tenant for life may grant See also:

• BUILDING

building, See also:

• MINING

mining and other I allowed to grow again from the rocts . Grown timber is also available to the life-renter for the purpose of keeping up the estate or repairing buildings . Before making use of mature timber for estate purposes, the life-renter should give See also:

• NOTICE

notice to the fiar . He is also entitled to the benefit of See also:

• ORDINARY (med. Lat. ordinarius, Fr. ordinaire)

ordinary windfalls . Extraordinary windfalls are treated as grown timber . Life-renters by " constitution " (i.e. by grant from the proprietor) as opposed to life-renters by " See also:

• RESERVATION (Lat. reservare, to keep back)

reservation " (where the proprietor has reserved the life-See also:

• RENT

rent to himself in conveying the fee to another) have, as a rule, no right to coals or minerals underground if they are not expressed in the grant or appear to have been intended by a testator to pass by his See also:

• SETTLEMENT
• SETTLEMENT, ACT OF

settlement, for they are partes See also:

• SOLI
• SOLI (mod. Mezetlii)

soli . Where coals or minerals are expressed in, the grant, and also in cases of life-rent by " reservation," the life-renter may See also:

• WORK

work any mine which had been opened before the be-ginning of his right, provided he does not employ a greater number of miners, or bring up a greater quantity cf minerals, than the unburdened proprietor did .

All life-renters are entitled to such minerals as are required for domestic use and estate purposes . See also:

• BRITISH

British Possessions.—French law is in force in See also:

• MAURITIUS

Mauritius, and has been followed in substance in the civil codes of See also:

• QUEBEC

Quebec (See also:

• ART

art . 455) and St See also:

• LUCIA (or LucY), ST

Lucia (art . 406) . In most of the other colonies the rules of English law are followed, and in many of them there has been legislation on the lines of the English Settled Land Acts . In See also:

• INDIA
• INDIA, FRENCH

India the law as to waste is included to some extent in the See also:

• TRANSFER (from Lat. transferre, to bear across, carry over)

Transfer of Property Act (No . IV. of 1882) and its amendments . See also:

• SECTION
• SECTION (Lat. sectio, cutting, secare, to cut)

Section Io8 deals with the liabilities of lessees for waste, which may be varied by the terms of the See also:

• LEASE (derived through the Fr. from the Lat. laxare, to loosen)

lease or by See also:

• LOCAL

local usage . The liabilities for waste of persons having under See also:

• HINDU

Hindu or See also:

• MAHOMMEDAN

Mahommedan law limited interests in reality depend in the See also:

• MAIN (from the Aryan root which appears in " may " and " might," and Lat. magnus, great)
• MAIN (Lat. Moenus)

main upon those See also:

• LAWS

laws and not on See also:

• INDIAN

Indian statute law . See also:

• UNITED

United States.—" In the United States, especially in the Western states, many acts are held to be only in a natural and reasonable way of using and improving the land—clearing See also:

• WILD, JONATHAN (c. 1682-1725)

wild See also:

• WOODS, LEONARD (1774-1854)
• WOODS, SIR ALBERT (1816-1904)

woods, for example—which in England, or even in the Eastern states, would be See also:

• MANIFEST (Lat. manifestus, clear, open to view)

manifest waste " (Pollock, Torts, 7th ed., 345) . Thus See also:

• VIRGINIA
• VIRGINIA, or VERGINIA
• VIRGINIA, UNIVERSITY OF

Virginia, See also:

• NORTH
• NORTH, BARONS
• NORTH, MARIANNE (1830—1890)
• NORTH, ROGER (1653-1734)
• NORTH, SIR THOMAS (1535?-16o1?)

North Carolina, See also:

• VERMONT

Vermont and See also:

• TENNESSEE

Tennessee have deviated in favour of the tenant from English rules, while See also:

• MASSACHUSETTS (an Indian name, originally applied to a tribe of Indians)

Massachusetts has adhered to them (Ruling Cases, tit . " Waste," See also:

• XXV

xxv .

380, See also:

• AMERICAN

American notes) . In certain states, e.g . See also:

• MINNESOTA

Minnesota, See also:

• OREGON

Oregon and See also:

• WASHINGTON
• WASHINGTON (or WASHINGTON COURT HOUSE)
• WASHINGTON, BOOKER TALIAFERRO (c. 1859– )
• WASHINGTON, BUSHROD (1762-1829)
• WASHINGTON, GEORGE (1732-1799)

Washington (ibid., p . 381), the action of waste is regulated by statute . See also:

• EUROPE

Europe.—The French Civil See also:

• CODE (Lat. codex)

Code provides (art . 591) that the usufructuary may cut timber in plantations that are laid out for cutting, and are cut at regular intervals, although he is See also:

• BOUND, or BOUNDARY (from O. Fr. bonde, Med. Lat. bodena or butina, a frontier line)

bound to follow the example of former proprietors as to quantity and times . This See also:

• PROVISION (Lat. provisio)

provision is in force in See also:

• BELGIUM
• BELGIUM (Fr. Belgique; Flem. Belgic)

Belgium (Civil Cede, art . 591) . Analogous provisions are to be found in the civil codes of See also:

• HOLLAND
• HOLLAND, CHARLES (1733–1769)
• HOLLAND, COUNTY AND PROVINCE OF
• HOLLAND, HENRY FOX, 1ST BARON (1705–1774)
• HOLLAND, HENRY RICH, 1ST EARL OF (1S9o-,649)
• HOLLAND, HENRY RICHARD VASSALL FOX, 3RD
• HOLLAND, JOSIAH GILBERT (1819-1881)
• HOLLAND, PHILEMON (1552-1637)
• HOLLAND, RICHARD, or RICHARD DE HOLANDE (fl. 1450)
• HOLLAND, SIR HENRY, BART

Holland (art . 814), See also:

• SPAIN
• SPAIN (Espana)

Spain (art . 485), See also:

• ITALY
• ITALY (Italia)

Italy (art . 486), and cf. the See also:

• GERMAN
• GERMAN, DUTCH AND SCANDINAVIAN

German Civil Code, art .

Io36 . AuTxoRITIEs.—English law: Bewes, Law of Waste; See also:

• FAWCETT, HENRY (1833-1884)
• FAWCETT, JOHN (1768-1837)

Fawcett, Law of Landlord and Tenant; Foa, Law of Landlord and Tenant; Wood all, Law of Landlord and Tenant . Scots law: See also:

• ERSKINE, EBENEZER (1680-1754)
• ERSKINE, HENRY (1746-1817)
• ERSKINE, JOHN
• ERSKINE, JOHN (1721-1803)
• ERSKINE, RALPH (1685-1752)
• ERSKINE, THOMAS
• ERSKINE, THOMAS ERSKINE, 1ST BARON (1750-1823)

Erskine, Principles (See also:

• EDINBURGH

Edinburgh) . Irish law: Nolan and See also:

• KANE
• KANE, ELISHA KENT (1820–1857)

Kane, Statutes See also:

• RELATING

relating to the Law of Landlord and Tenant in Ireland (See also:

• DUBLIN

Dublin) ; See also:

• WYLIE, ALEXANDER (1815-1887)
• WYLIE, ROBERT (1839—1877)

Wylie, Judicature Acts (Dublin) . American law: See also:

• BOUVIER, JOHN (1787—1851)

Bouvier, Law See also:

• DIET

Diet . (See also:

• BOSTON
• BOSTON, THOMAS (1676-1732)

Boston and London) . Indian law: Shepherd and See also:

• BROWN
• BROWN, CHARLES BROCKDEN (1771-181o)
• BROWN, FORD MADOX (1821-1893)
• BROWN, FRANCIS (1849- )
• BROWN, GEORGE (1818-188o)
• BROWN, HENRY KIRKE (1814-1886)
• BROWN, JACOB (1775–1828)
• BROWN, JOHN (1715–1766)
• BROWN, JOHN (1722-1787)
• BROWN, JOHN (1735–1788)
• BROWN, JOHN (1784–1858)
• BROWN, JOHN (1800-1859)
• BROWN, JOHN (1810—1882)
• BROWN, JOHN GEORGE (1831— )
• BROWN, ROBERT (1773-1858)
• BROWN, SAMUEL MORISON (1817—1856)
• BROWN, SIR GEORGE (1790-1865)
• BROWN, SIR JOHN (1816-1896)
• BROWN, SIR WILLIAM, BART
• BROWN, THOMAS (1663-1704)
• BROWN, THOMAS (1778-1820)
• BROWN, THOMAS EDWARD (1830-1897)
• BROWN, WILLIAM LAURENCE (1755–1830)

Brown, Indian Transfer of Property Act 1882 . (A . W .