Online Encyclopedia

Search over 40,000 articles from the original, classic Encyclopedia Britannica, 11th Edition.

NOAH WEBSTER (1758-1843)

Online Encyclopedia
Originally appearing in Volume V28, Page 463 of the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica.
Spread the word: del.icio.us del.icio.us it!

See also:

NOAH See also:WEBSTER (1758-1843)  , See also:American lexicographer and journalist, was See also:born at See also:West See also:Hartford, See also:Connecticut, on the 16th of See also:October 1758 . He was descended from See also:John See also:Webster of Hartford, See also:governor of Connecticut in 1656-1657, and on his See also:mother's See also:side from Governor See also:William See also:Bradford of See also:Plymouth . He entered Yale in 1774, graduating in 1778 . He studied See also:law, and was admitted to the See also:bar at Hartford in 1781 . In 1782-1783 he taught in a classical school at See also:Goshen, New See also:York, and became convinced of the need of better textbooks of See also:English . In 1783-1785 he published at Hartford A Grammatical See also:Institute of the English See also:Language, in three parts, a spelling-See also:book, a See also:grammar and a reader . This was the See also:pioneer American See also:work in its See also:field, and it soon found a See also:place in most of the See also:schools of the See also:United States . During the twenty years in which Webster was preparing his See also:dictionary, his income from the spelling-book, though the See also:royalty was less than a cent a copy, was enough to support his See also:family; and before 1861 the See also:sale reached more than a million copies ayear . The wide use of this book contributed greatly to uniformity of See also:pronunciation in the United States, and, with his dictionary, secured the See also:general See also:adoption in the United States of a simpler See also:system of spelling than that current in See also:England . In 1785 he published Sketches of American Policy, in which he argued for a constitutional See also:government whose authority should be vested in See also:Congress . This he regarded as the first distinct proposal for a United States Constitution, and when in 1787 the work of the commissioners was completed at See also:Philadelphia, where Webster was then living as See also:superintendent of an See also:academy, he wrote in behalf of the constitution an Examination of the Leading Principles of the Federal Constitution . In 1788 he started in New York the American See also:Magazine, but it failed at the end of a See also:year, and he resumed the practice of law at Hartford .

In 1793, in See also:

order to support See also:Washington's See also:administration, he removed to New York and established a daily See also:paper, the See also:Minerva (afterwards the Commercial Advertiser), and later a semi-weekly paper, the See also:Herald (afterwards the New York Spectator) . In 1798 he removed to New Haven . He served in the Connecticut See also:House of Represen- tatives in 1800 and 1802-07, and as a See also:county See also:judge in 1807-11 . In 1807 he published A Philosophical and See also:Practical Grammar of the English Language . In 18o6 he had brought out A Compendious Dictionary of the English Language, and in 1807 he began work on his dictionary . While engaged on it he removed in 1812 to See also:Amherst, See also:Massachusetts, where he was See also:president of the See also:Board of Trustees of the Academy and assisted in See also:founding Amherst See also:College . He was also a member of the General See also:Court of Massachusetts . In 1822 he returned to New Haven, and the next year he received the degree of LL.D. from Yale . He spent a year (1824-1825) abroad, working on his dictionary, in See also:Paris and at the university of See also:Cambridge, where he finished his See also:manuscript . The work came out in 1828 in two volumes . It contained 12,000 words and from 30,000 to 40,000 See also:definitions that had not appeared in any earlier dictionary . An English edition soon followed .

In 1840 the second edition, corrected and enlarged, came out, in two volumes . He completed the revision of an appendix a few days before his See also:

death, which occurred in New Haven on the 28th of May 1843 . The dictionary was revised in 1847 under the editorship of See also:Professor See also:Chauncey A . See also:Goodrich and published in one See also:volume . In 1859 a pictorial edition was issued . In 1864 it was revised mainly under the direction of Professor See also:Noah See also:Porter, and again in 1890 under the same direction, the latter revision appearing with the See also:title of the See also:International Dictionary of the English Language . The latter was again issued in 1900, with a supplement of 25,000 words and phrases, under the supervision of William See also:Torrey See also:Harris, who edited another revision, in 1909, under the title of the New International Dictionary of the English Language . It has frequently been abridged . Among Webster's other See also:works are See also:Dissertations on the English Language (1789), a course of lectures that he had given three years before in some of the See also:chief American cities; Essays (179o) ; The Revolution in See also:France (1794) ; A Brief See also:History of Epidemics and Pestilential Diseases (1799), in two vols.; The Rights of Neutral Nations in See also:Time of See also:War (1802); See also:Historical Notices of the Origin and See also:State of Banking Institutions and See also:Insurance Offices (18o2); and A Collection of Papers on See also:Political, See also:Literary, and Moral Subjects (1843), which included " On the Supposed See also:Change in the Temperature of See also:Winter," a See also:treatise showing See also:long and careful See also:research . He also published Governor John See also:Winthrop's See also:Journal in 179o, and wrote a History of the United States, of which a revised edition appeared in 1839 . See Memoir of Noah Webster by his son-in-law, Professor Chauncey A . Goodrich, in the See also:quarto See also:editions of the Dictionary, also Noah Webster (1882), by See also:Horace E .

End of Article: NOAH WEBSTER (1758-1843)
[back]
JOHN WEBSTER (fl. 1602-1624)
[next]
THOMAS WEBSTER (1773-1844)

Additional information and Comments

There are no comments yet for this article.
» Add information or comments to this article.
Please link directly to this article:
Highlight the code below, right click and select "copy." Paste it into a website, email, or other HTML document.