HENRIK See also:

• ARNOLD
• ARNOLD, BENEDICT (1741-1801)
• ARNOLD, GOTTFRIED (1666-1714)
• ARNOLD, MATTHEW (1822-1888)
• ARNOLD, SAMUEL (1740--18o2)
• ARNOLD, SIR EDWIN (1832-1904)
• ARNOLD, THOMAS (1745-1842)

ARNOLD See also:

• HENRIK ARNOLD WERGELAND (18o8—1845)

WERGELAND (18o8—1845)  , See also:

• NORWEGIAN

Norwegian poet and See also:

• PROSE

prose writer, was See also:

• BORN, IGNAZ, EDLER VON (1742–1791)

born at See also:

• CHRISTIANSAND (KRISTIANSUND)

Christiansand on the 17th of See also:

• JUNE

June 18o8 . He was the eldest son of See also:

• PROFESSOR (the Latin noun formed from the verb profiteri, to declare publicly, to acknowledge, profess)

Professor Nikolai See also:

• WERGELAND, HENRIK ARNOLD (18o8—1845)

Wergeland (1780-1848), who had been a member of the constitutional See also:

• ASSEMBLY, UNLAWFUL

assembly which proclaimed the See also:

• INDEPENDENCE
• INDEPENDENCE, DECLARATION OF
• INDEPENDENCE, WAR OF

independence of See also:

• NORWAY
• NORWAY (Norge)

Norway in 1814 at Eidsvold . Nikolai was himself pastor of Eidsvold, and the poet was thus brought up in the very See also:

• HOLY

holy of holies of Norwegian patriotism . He entered the university of See also:

• CHRISTIANIA (officially KRISTIANIA)

Christiania in 1825 to study for the See also:

• CHURCH
• CHURCH (according to most authorities derived from the Gr. Kvpcaxov [&wµa], " the Lord's [house]," and common to many Teutonic, Slavonic and other languages under various forms—Scottish kirk, Ger. Kirche, Swed. kirka, Dan. kirke, Russ. tserkov, Buig. cerk
• CHURCH, FREDERICK EDWIN (1826-1900)
• CHURCH, GEORGE EARL (1835–1910)
• CHURCH, RICHARD WILLIAM (1815–189o)
• CHURCH, SIR RICHARD (1784–1873)

church, and was soon the See also:

• LEADER, BENJAMIN WILLIAMS (1831– )

leader of a See also:

• BAND

band of enthusiastic See also:

• YOUNG
• YOUNG, A
• YOUNG, ARTHUR (1741-1820)
• YOUNG, BRIGHAM (1801-1877)
• YOUNG, CHARLES MAYNE (1777–1856)
• YOUNG, EDWARD (1683–1765)
• YOUNG, JAMES (1811-1883)
• YOUNG, THOMAS (1773-1829)

young men who desired to revive in Norway the spirit and independence of the old vikings . His earliest efforts in literature were See also:

• WILD, JONATHAN (c. 1682-1725)

wild and formless . He was full of See also:

• IMAGINATION

imagination, but without See also:

• TASTE (from Lat. taxare, to touch sharply; tangere, to touch)

taste or knowledge . He published poetical farces under the See also:

• PSEUDONYM (Gr. >l ev&,vuµos, having a false name, ¢Evirls, false and ovoµa, name)

pseudonym of " Siful Sifadda "; these were followed in 1828 by an unsuccessful tragedy; and in 1829 by a See also:

• VOLUME

volume of lyrical and patriotic poems, Digte, forste See also:

• RING (O.E. hring; a word common to Teutonic languages; and probably cognate with the Lat. circus, Gr. KtpKOS or KpLKOS, Skt'. chakra, wheel, circle, cf. also " harangue "); in art, a band of circular shape of varying sizes, made of any material and used f

Ring, which attracted the liveliest See also:

• ATTENTION (from Lat. ad-tendo, await, expect; the condition of being " stretched " or " tense ")

attention to his name . At the See also:

• AGE (Fr. age, through late Lat. aetaticum, from aetas)

age of twenty-one he became a See also:

• POWER [WILLIAM GRATTAN] TYRONE (1797-1841)

power in literature, and his enthusiastic See also:

• PREACHING (Fr. preecher, from Lat. praedicare, to proclaim)

preaching of the doctrines of the revolution of See also:

• JULY

July made him a force in politics also . Meanwhile he was tireless in his efforts to advance the See also:

• NATIONAL

national cause . He established popular See also:

• LIBRARIES

libraries, and tried to alleviate the widespread poverty of the Norwegian peasantry . He preached the See also:

• SIMPLE

simple See also:

• LIFE

life, denounced See also:

• FOREIGN

foreign luxuries, and set an example by wearing Norwegian homespun . But his numerous and varied writings were coldly received by the critics, and a See also:

• MONSTER (Lat. monstrum, from root of monere, to warn; i.e. something terrible or portentous)
• MONSTER, GEORG, COUNT ZU (1776-1844)

monster epic, Skabelsen, Mennesket og Messias (Creation, See also:

• MAN
• MAN, ISLE OF (anc. Mona)

Man and See also:

• MESSIAH (Dan. x. 25, 26)

Messiah), 183o, showed no improvement in See also:

• STYLE
• STYLE (from Gr. a-6'1ms, a column; a different word from that used in literature, see below)

style .

It was remodelled in 1845 as Mennesket . From 1831 to 1835 Wergeland was submitted to severe satirical attacks from J . S. le See also:

• WELHAVEN, JOHANN SEBASTIAN CAMMERMEYER (1807-1873)

Welhaven and others, and his style improved in every respect . His nationalist See also:

• POLITICAL

political propaganda lacked knowledge and See also:

• SYSTEM

system . His partisans were alienated by his inconsistent admiration for See also:

• KING
• KING (O. Eng. cyning, abbreviated into cyng, cing; cf. O. H. G. chun- kuning, chun- kunig, M.H.G. kiinic, kiinec, kiinc, Mod. Ger. Konig, O. Norse konungr, kongr, Swed. konung, kung)
• KING [OF OCKHAM], PETER KING, 1ST BARON (1669-1734)
• KING, CHARLES WILLIAM (1818-1888)
• KING, CLARENCE (1842–1901)
• KING, EDWARD (1612–1637)
• KING, EDWARD (1829–1910)
• KING, HENRY (1591-1669)
• KING, RUFUS (1755–1827)
• KING, THOMAS (1730–1805)
• KING, WILLIAM (1650-1729)
• KING, WILLIAM (1663–1712)

King Carl Johan, by his unpopular advocacy of the Jewish cause, and by the extravagance of his methods generally . His popularity waned as his See also:

• POETRY

poetry improved, and in 184o he found himself a really See also:

• GREAT

great lyric poet, but an See also:

• EXILE (Lat. exsilium or exilium, from exsul or exul, which is derived from ex, out of, and the root sal, to go, seen in salire, to leap, consul, &c.; the connexion with solum, soil, country is now generally considered wrong)

exile from political See also:

• INFLUENCE (Late Lat. influentia, from influere, to flow in)

influence . In that See also:

• YEAR

year he became keeper of the royal archives . He died on the 12th of July 1845 . In 1908 a statue was erected to his memory by his compatriots at See also:

• FARGO
• FARGO, WILLIAM GEORGE (1818-1881)

Fargo, See also:

• NORTH
• NORTH, BARONS
• NORTH, MARIANNE (1830—1890)
• NORTH, ROGER (1653-1734)
• NORTH, SIR THOMAS (1535?-16o1?)

North Dakota . His See also:

• JAN

Jan See also:

• VAN

van Huysums Blomsterstykke (184o), Svalen (1841), Joden (1842), Jodinden (1844) and Den Engelske Lods (1844), See also:

• FORM (Lat. forma)

form a See also:

• SERIES (a Latin word from serere, to join)

series of narrative poems in See also:

• SHORT, FRANCIS JOB (1857– )

short lyrical metres which remain the most interesting and important of their See also:

• KIND (O. E. ge-cynde, from the same root as is seen in " kin," supra)

kind in Norwegian literature . He was less successful in other branches of letters; in the See also:

• DRAMA (literally "action," from Gr. Snail, act or do)

drama neither his Campbellerne (1837), Venetianerne (1843), nor Sokadetterne (1848), achieved any lasting success; while his elaborate contribution to political See also:

• HISTORY

history, Norges Konstitutions Historie (1841—1843), is forgotten . The poems of his later years include many lyrics of great beauty, which are among the permanent treasures of Norwegian poetry .

Wergeland's Samlede Skrifter (9 vols., Christiania, 1852–1857) were edited by H . See also:

• LASSEN, CHRISTIAN (1800-1876)
• LASSEN, EDUARD (1830-19o4)

Lassen, the author of Henrik Wergeland og hans Samtid (1866), and the editor of his Breve (1867) . See also H . Schwanenflugel, Henrik Wergeland (See also:

• COPENHAGEN (Danish Kjobenhavn)

Copenhagen, 1877); and J . G . Kraft, Norsk Forfatter-Lexikon (Christiania, 1857), for a detailed bibliography .