See also:

• COUNT (Lat. comes, gen. comitis, Fr. comte, Ital. conte, Span. conde)

COUNT VON JOHANN See also:

• COUNT VON JOHANN WERTH [WEERT] (c. 1595-1652)

WERTH [WEERT] (c. 1595-1652)  , See also:

• GERMAN
• GERMAN, DUTCH AND SCANDINAVIAN

German See also:

• GENERAL
• GENERAL (Lat. generalis, of or relating to a genus, kind or class)

general of See also:

• CAVALRY (Fr. cavalerie, Ger. Kavallerie or Reiterei, derived ultimately from late Lat. caballus, horse)

cavalry in the See also:

• THIRTY

Thirty Years' See also:

• WAR
• WAR (O. Eng. werre, Fr. guerre, of Teutonic origin; cf. O.H.G. werran, to confound)

War, was See also:

• BORN, IGNAZ, EDLER VON (1742–1791)

born between 1590 and 1600 at Buttgen in the duchy of See also:

• JULICH
• JULICH (Fr. fullers)

Julich . His parents belonged .to the numerous class of the lesser See also:

• NOBILITY

nobility, and at an See also:

• EARLY
• EARLY, JUBAL ANDERSON (1816-1894)

early See also:

• AGE (Fr. age, through late Lat. aetaticum, from aetas)

age he See also:

• LEFT

left See also:

• HOME
• HOME, DANIEL DUNGLAS (1833-1886)
• HOME, EARLS OF

home to follow the career of a soldier of See also:

• FORTUNE, ROBERT (1813-188o)

fortune in the Walloon cavalry of the See also:

• SPANISH

Spanish service . In 1622, at the taking of Julich, he won promotion to the See also:

• RANK (O.Fr. rant or rent, mod. rang, generally connected with the O.E. and O.H.G. bring, a ring)

rank of See also:

• LIEUTENANT

lieutenant . He served as a See also:

• COLONEL (derived either from Lat. column, Fr. colonne, column, or Lat. corona, a crown)

colonel of cavalry in the Bavarian See also:

• ARMY
• ARMY (from Fr. armee, Lat. armata)

army in 1630 . He obtained the command of a See also:

• REGIMENT (from Late Latin regimentum, rule, regere, to rule, govern, direct)

regiment, both titular and effective, in 1632, and in 1633 and 1634 laid the See also:

• FOUNDATIONS

foundations of his reputation as a See also:

• SWIFT
• SWIFT, JONATHAN (1667—1745)

swift and terrible See also:

• LEADER, BENJAMIN WILLIAMS (1831– )

leader of cavalry forays . His services were even more conspicuous in the See also:

• GREAT

great pitched See also:

• BATTLE

battle of See also:

• NORDLINGEN

Nordlingen (1634), after which the See also:

• EMPEROR (Fr. empereur, from the Lat. imperator)

emperor made him a Freiherr of the See also:

• EMPIRE

Empire, and the elector of See also:

• BAVARIA (Ger. Bayern)

Bavaria gave him the rank of lieutenant See also:

• FIELD (a word common to many West German languages, cf. Ger. Feld, Dutch veld, possibly cognate with O.E. f olde, the earth, and ultimately with root of the Gr. irAaror, broad)
• FIELD, CYRUS WEST (1819-1892)
• FIELD, DAVID DUDLEY (18o5-1894)
• FIELD, EUGENE (1850-1895)
• FIELD, FREDERICK (18o1—1885)
• FIELD, HENRY MARTYN (1822-1907)
• FIELD, JOHN (1782—1837)
• FIELD, MARSHALL (183 1906)
• FIELD, NATHAN (1587—1633)
• FIELD, STEPHEN JOHNSON (1816-1899)
• FIELD, WILLIAM VENTRIS FIELD, BARON (1813-1907)

field-See also:

• MARSHAL (med. Lat. marescalcus, from O.H.Ger. marah, horse, and scalc, servant)

marshal . About this See also:

• TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
• TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
• TIME, STANDARD

time he armed his regiment with the See also:

• MUSKET (Fr. mousquet, Ger. Muskete, &c.)

musket as well as the See also:

• SWORD (0. Eng. sweord; ultimately from an Indo-European root meaning to wound)

sword . In 1635 and 1636 his forays extended into See also:

• LORRAINE

Lorraine and See also:

• LUXEMBURG
• LUXEMBURG, FRANCOIS HENRI DE MONTMORENCYBOUTEVILLE, DUKE

Luxemburg, after which he projected an expedition into the See also:

• HEART
• HEART, LUNG

heart of See also:

• FRANCE
• FRANCE, ANATOLE (1844– )

France . Starting in See also:

• JULY

July 1636, from the See also:

• COUNTRY (from the Mid. Eng. contre or contrie, and O. Fr. cuntree; Late Lat. contrata, showing the derivation from contra, opposite, over against, thus the tract of land which fronts the sight, cf. Ger. Gegend, neighbourhood)

country of the See also:

• LOWER

lower See also:

• MEUSE
• MEUSE (Flem. Maes, Du. Maas)

Meuse, he raided far and wide, and even urged the See also:

• CARDINAL (Lat. cardinalis)

cardinal See also:

• INFANTE (Spanish and Portuguese form of Lat. infans, young child)

infante, who commanded in See also:

• CHIEF (from Fr. chef, head, Lat. caput)

chief, to " plant the See also:

• DOUBLE
• DOUBLE (from the Mid. Eng. duble, the form which gives the present pronunciation, through the Old Er. duble, from Lat. duplus, twice as much)

double See also:

• EAGLE (Fr. aigle, from the Lat. aquila)

eagle on the Louvre." Though this was not attempted, See also:

• WERTH [WEERT], JOHANN, COUNT VON (c. 1595-1652)

Werth's horsemen appeared at St See also:

• DENIS (DIoNysms), SAINT
• DENIS, JOHANN NEPOMUK COSMAS MICHAEL (1729-1800)

Denis before the uprising of the See also:

• FRENCH
• FRENCH, DANIEL CHESTER (1850– )
• FRENCH, NICHOLAS (1604-1678)

French See also:

• NATIONAL

national spirit in the shape of an army of fifty thousand men at See also:

• COMPIEGNE

Compiegne forcedthe invaders to retire whence they had come . The memory of this See also:

• RAID

raid lasted See also:

• LONG, GEORGE (1800-1879)
• LONG, JOHN DAVIS (1838– )

long, and the name of " See also:

• JEAN

Jean de Wert" figures in folk-songs and serves as a bogey to quiet unruly See also:

• CHILDREN, LAW RELATING TO

children . In 1637 Werth was once more in the See also:

• RHINE (Lat. Rhenus, Ger. Rhein, Fr. Rhin, Dutch Rhyn, or Rijn)

Rhine valley, destroying convoys, relieving besieged towns and surprising the enemy's camps . In See also:

• FEBRUARY

February 1638 he defeated the See also:

• WEIMAR

Weimar troops in an engagement at Rheinfelden, but shortly afterwards was made prisoner by Bernhard of See also:

• SAXE, JOHN GODFREY (1816-1887)
• SAXE, MAURICE, COMTE DE (1696-1750)

Saxe-Weimar .

His hopes of being exchanged for the See also:

• SWEDISH

Swedish marshal See also:

• HORN
• HORN (a common Teutonic word, cognate with Lat. cornu; cf. Gr. Kipas)
• HORN (Lat. cornu; corresponding terms being Fr. cor, trompe; Ger. Horn; Ital. corno)
• HORN, ARVID BERNHARD, COUNT (1664-1742)
• HORN, PHILIP DE MONTMORENCY, COUNT

Horn were disappointed, for Bernhard had to deliver up his See also:

• CAPTIVE (from Lat. capere, to take)

captive to the French . The terrible jean de Wert was brought to See also:

• PARIS
• PARIS (also called ALEXANDROS)
• PARIS, ALEXIS PAULIN (1800-x881)
• PARIS, BRUNO PAULIN GASTON (1839-1903)
• PARIS, FRANCOIS DE (169o-1727)
• PARIS, LOUIS PHILIPPE ALBERT
• PARIS, TREATIES OF (1814-1815)

Paris, amidst great rejoicings from the country See also:

• PEOPLE

people . He was lionized by the society of the See also:

• CAPITAL (i.e. capital stock or fund)
• CAPITAL (Lat. caput, head)

capital, visited in See also:

• PRISON (derived through the Fr. from the Lat. prehensio, seizure)

prison by high ladies, who marvelled at his See also:

• POWERS, HIRAM (1805-1873)

powers of drinking and his devotion to See also:

• TOBACCO

tobacco . So See also:

• LIGHT

light was his captivity that he said that nothing See also:

• BOUND, or BOUNDARY (from O. Fr. bonde, Med. Lat. bodena or butina, a frontier line)

bound him but his word of See also:

• HONOUR (Lat. honos or lwnor, honoris; in English the word was spelled with or without the u indifferently until the 17th century, but during the 18th century it became fashion-able to spell the word " honor "; Johnson's and Webster's Dictionaries stereoty

honour . However, he looked forward with anxiety for his See also:

• RELEASE (O.Fr. reles, variant of relais, from relaisser, to release, let go, Lat. relaxare)

release, which was delayed until See also:

• MARCH
• MARCH (1) (from Fr. marcher, to walk; the earliest sense in French appears to be " to trample," and the origin has usually been found in the Lat. marcus, hammer; Low Lat. marcare, to hammer; hence to beat the road with the regular tread of a soldier: cf.
• MARCH, AUZIAS (c. "1395-1458)
• MARCH, EARLS OF
• MARCH, FRANCIS ANDREW (1825– )

March 1642 because the imperial See also:

• GOVERNMENT
• GOVERNMENT (0. Fr. governement, mod. gouvernement, O. Fr. governer, mod. gouverner, from Lat. gubernare, to steer a ship, guide, rule; cf. Gr. xv(3epvav)

government feared to see Horn at the See also:

• HEAD (in 0. Eng. heafad; the word is common to Teutonic languages; cf. Dutch hoofd, Ger. Haupt, generally taken to be in origin connected with Lat. caput, Gr. KerbOvi7)
• HEAD, SIR EDMUND WALKER, BART
• HEAD, SIR FRANCIS BOND, BART

head of the Swedish army and would not allow an See also:

• EXCHANGE

exchange . When at last he reappeared in the field it was as general of cavalry in the imperial and Bavarian and See also:

• COLOGNE (Ger. Koln, or officially, since 1900, Coln)

Cologne services . His first See also:

• CAMPAIGN

campaign against the French marshal Guebriant was uneventful, but his second (1643) in which See also:

• COUNT (Lat. comes, gen. comitis, Fr. comte, Ital. conte, Span. conde)

Count See also:

• MERCY (adapted from Fr. merci, Lat. merces, reward)
• MERCY (or MERCI), FRANZ, FREIHERR VON

Mercy was his See also:

• COMMANDER

commander-in-chief, ended with the victory of See also:

• TUTTLINGEN

Tuttlingen, a surprise on a large See also:

• SCALE
• SCALE (1) A

scale, in which Werth naturally played the leading See also:

• PART

part . In 1644 he was in the lower Rhine country, but he returned to Mercy's headquarters in time to take a brilliant See also:

• SHARE (O. Eng. scearu, chiefly in compounds, e.g. land-scearu, a share of land, from sceran to cut; cf. " shear" )

share in the battle of See also:

• FREIBURG

Freiburg . In the following See also:

• YEAR

year his See also:

• RESOLUTION

resolution and bravery, and also his uncontrolled rashness, played the most conspicuous part in deciding the See also:

• DAY (O. Eng. dreg, Ger. Tag; according to the New English Dictionary, " in no way related to the Lat. dies")
• DAY, JOHN (1574-1640?)
• DAY, THOMAS (1748-1789)

day at the second battle of Nordlingen . Mercy was killed in this See also:

• ACTION

action, and Werth succeeded to the command of the defeated army, but he was soon superseded by Field-marshal Geleen . Johann von Werth was disappointed, but remained thoroughly loyal to his soldierly See also:

• CODE (Lat. codex)

code of honour, and found an outlet for his anger in renewed military activity . In 1647 See also:

• DIFFERENCES, CALCULUS OF (Theory of Finite Differences)

differences arose between the elector and the emperor as to the See also:

• ALLEGIANCE (Mid. Eng. ligeaunce; med. Lat. ligeantia, &c.; the al- was probably added through confusion with another legal term, allegeance, an allegation; the Fr. allegeance comes from the English; the word is formed from " liege," of which the derivatio

allegiance due from the Bavarian troops, in which, after long hesitation, Werth, fearing that the cause of the Empire and of the See also:

• CATHOLIC (Gr. KcaBoXuK6s, general, universal)

Catholic See also:

• RELIGION
• RELIGION, FOLKLORE, CUSTOM

religion would be ruined if the elector resumed See also:

• CONTROL (Fr. contrdle, older form contre rolle, from Med. Lat. contra-rotulus, a counter roll or copy of a document used to check the original; there is no instance in English of the use of " control " in this, its literal, meaning)

control of the troops, attempted to take his men over the See also:

• AUSTRIAN

Austrian border .

But they refused to follow, and escaping with great difficulty from the elector's vengeance Werth found a See also:

• REFUGE

refuge in See also:

• AUSTRIA
• AUSTRIA, LOWER (Ger. Niederosterreich or Osterreich unter der Enns, " Austria below the river Enns ")
• AUSTRIA, UPPER (Ger. Oberosterreich or Osterreich ob der Enns, " Austria above the river Enns ")

Austria . The emperor was grateful for his conduct in this affair, ordered the elector to rescind his See also:

• BAN

ban, and made Werth a count . The last campaign of the war (1648) was uneventful, and shortly after its See also:

• CLOSE
• CLOSE (from Lat. clausum, shut)
• CLOSE, MAXWELL HENRY (1822-1903)

close he retired to live on the estates which he had bought in the course of his career, and on one of these, Benatek near See also:

• KONIGGRATZ (Czech, Hradec Kralove)

Koniggratz, he died on the 16th of See also:

• JANUARY

January 1652 . See Lives by F . W . Barthold (See also:

• BERLIN
• BERLIN, CONGRESS AND TREATY OF
• BERLIN, ISAIAH (1725–1799)

Berlin, 1826), W. von Janko (See also:

• VIENNA (Ger. Wien; Lat. Vindobona)
• VIENNA, CONGRESS OF (1814-1815)

Vienna, 1874), F . Teicher (See also:

• AUGSBURG
• AUGSBURG, CONFESSION OF
• AUGSBURG, WAR OF THE LEAGUE OF

Augsburg, 1877) .