See also:

• WERWOLF (from A.S. wer; cf. Lat. vir, man; and wolf; or, according to a later suggestion, from O.H.G. weri, wear, i.e. wearer of the wolf-skin)

WERWOLF (from A.S. wer; cf. See also:

• LAT

Lat. vir, See also:

• MAN
• MAN, ISLE OF (anc. Mona)

man; and See also:

• WOLF
• WOLF (Canis lupus)
• WOLF, FRIEDRICH AUGUST (1759-1824)
• WOLF, HUGO (1860-1903)
• WOLF, JOSEPH (1820-1899)

wolf; or, according to a later See also:

• SUGGESTION

suggestion, from O.H.G. weri, See also:

• WEAR

wear, i.e. wearer of the wolf-skin)  , a See also:

• MAN
• MAN, ISLE OF (anc. Mona)

man transformed temporarily or permanently into a See also:

• WOLF
• WOLF (Canis lupus)
• WOLF, FRIEDRICH AUGUST (1759-1824)
• WOLF, HUGO (1860-1903)
• WOLF, JOSEPH (1820-1899)

wolf . The belief in the possibility of such a See also:

• CHANGE (derived through the Fr. from the Late Lat. cambium, cambiare, to barter; the ultimate derivation is probably from the root which appears in the Gr. «a urmu', to bend)

change is a See also:

• SPECIAL

special phase of the See also:

• GENERAL
• GENERAL (Lat. generalis, of or relating to a genus, kind or class)

general See also:

• DOCTRINE

doctrine of See also:

• LYCANTHROPY (Gr. Man, wolf, avepwaos, man)

lycanthropy (q.v.) . In the See also:

• EUROPEAN

European See also:

• HISTORY

history of this singular belief, wolf transformations appear as by far the most prominent and most frequently recurring instances of alleged See also:

• METAMORPHOSIS

metamorphosis, and consequently in most European See also:

• LANGUAGES

languages the terms expressive of the belief have a special reference to the wolf . Examples of this are found in the Gr . )vKavOponros, See also:

• RUSSIAN

Russian volkodldk, Eng . " See also:

• WERWOLF (from A.S. wer; cf. Lat. vir, man; and wolf; or, according to a later suggestion, from O.H.G. weri, wear, i.e. wearer of the wolf-skin)

werwolf," Ger. wahrwolf, Fr. loup-garou . More general terms (e.g . See also:

• LAT

Lat., versipellis; Russ., Oboroten; O . Norse, hamrammr; Eng . " turnskin," " turncoat ") are sufficiently numerous to furnish some See also:

• EVIDENCE (Lat. evidentia, evideri, to appear clearly)

evidence that the class of animals into which metamorphosis was possible was not viewed as a restricted one . But throughout the greater See also:

• PART

part of See also:

• EUROPE

Europe the werwolf is preferred; there are old traditions of his existence in See also:

• ENGLAND
• ENGLAND, THE CHURCH OF

England, in See also:

• WALES (Cymru, Gwalia, Cambria)

Wales and in See also:

• IRELAND
• IRELAND, CHURCH
• IRELAND, CHURCH OF
• IRELAND, JOHN (1761-1842)
• IRELAND, JOHN (1838- )
• IRELAND, WILLIAM HENRY (1777-1835)

Ireland; in See also:

• SOUTHERN

southern See also:

• FRANCE
• FRANCE, ANATOLE (1844– )

France, See also:

• GERMANY
• GERMANY (Ger. Deutschland)

Germany, Lithuania, See also:

• BULGARIA
• BULGARIA, EASTERN

Bulgaria, See also:

• SERVIA

Servia, Bohemia, See also:

• POLAND (Polish Polska, Ger. Polen), (see POLAND, RUSSIAN, below)
• POLAND, RUSSIAN

Poland and See also:

• RUSSIA
• RUSSIA (Rossiya)

Russia he can hardly be pronounced See also:

• EXTINCT

extinct now; in See also:

• DENMARK
• DENMARK (Danmark)

Denmark, See also:

• SWEDEN
• SWEDEN [Sverige]
• SWEDEN, NORWAY AND

Sweden, See also:

• NORWAY
• NORWAY (Norge)

Norway and See also:

• ICELAND (Dan. Island)

Iceland the See also:

• BEAR
• BEAR, BLACK
• BEAR, BROWN
• BEAR, GRIZZLY
• BEAR, ISABELLINE
• BEAR, WHITE

bear competes with the wolf for pre-See also:

• EMINENCE (Lat. eminentia)

eminence . In See also:

• GREEK
• GREEK, ETRUSCAN AND

Greek See also:

• MYTHOLOGY

mythology the See also:

• STORY, JOHN (c. 1510-1571)
• STORY, JOSEPH (1779-1845)
• STORY, ROBERT HERBERT (1835-1907)
• STORY, WILLIAM WETMORE (1819—1895)

story of See also:

• LYCAON

Lycaon supplies the most See also:

• FAMILIAR (through the Fr. familier, from Lat. familiaris, of or belonging to the familia, family)

familiar instance of the werwolf .

According to one See also:

• FORM (Lat. forma)

form of it Lycaon was transformed into a wolf as a result of eating human flesh; one of those who were See also:

• PRESENT

present at periodical See also:

• SACRIFICE (from Lat. sacrificium; sacer, holy, and facere, to make)

sacrifice on See also:

• MOUNT, WILLIAM SIDNEY (1807-1868)

Mount Lycaon was said to suffer a similar See also:

• FATE

fate . See also:

• PLINY, THE ELDER
• PLINY, THE YOUNGER

Pliny, quoting Euanthes, tells us (Hist . Nat. viii . 22) that a man of the See also:

• FAMILY

family of See also:

• ANTAEUS

Antaeus was selected by See also:

• LOT
• LOT (Lat. Oltis)

lot and brought to a See also:

• LAKE
• LAKE, GERARD LAKE, 1ST VISCOUNT (1744-1808)

lake in See also:

• ARCADIA

Arcadia, where he hung his clothing on an ash and swam across . This resulted in his being transformed into a wolf, and he wandered in this shape nine years . Then, if he had attacked no human being, he was at See also:

• LIBERTY (Lat. libertas, from liber, free)

liberty to swim back and resume his former shape . Probably the two stories are identical, though we hear nothing of participation in the Lycaean sacrifice by the descend-See also:

• ANT
• ANT (O. Eng. aemete, from Teutonic a, privative, and maitan, cut or bite off, i.e. " the biter off "; aemete in Middle English became differentiated in dialect use to (mete, then amte, and so ant, and also to emete, whence the synonym " emmet," now only u

ant of Antaeus . See also:

• HERODOTUS (c. 484-425 B.C.)

Herodotus (iv . 105) tells us that the See also:

• NEURI

Neuri, a tribe of eastern Europe, were annually transformed for a few days, and See also:

• VIRGIL (PUBLIUS VERGILIUS MARC)
• VIRGIL, POLYDORE (c. 1470-1555)

Virgil (Ed. viii . 98) is familiar with transformation of human beings into wolves . There are See also:

• WOMEN

women, so the Armenian belief runs, who in See also:

• CON

con-sequence of deadly sins are condemned to pass seven years in the form of a wolf . A spirit comes to such a woman and brings her a wolf's skin .

He orders her to put it on, and no sooner has she done this than the most frightful wolfish cravings make their See also:

• APPEARANCE (from Lat. apparere, to appear)

appearance and soon get the upper See also:

• HAND
• HAND (a word common to Teutonic languages; cf. Ger. Hand, Goth. handus)
• HAND, FERDINAND GOTTHELF (1786-185r)

hand . Her better nature conquered, she makes a See also:

• MEAL

meal of her own See also:

• CHILDREN, LAW RELATING TO

children, one by one, then of her relatives' children according to the degree of relation-See also:

• SHIP

ship, and finally the children of strangers begin to fall a See also:

• PREY (0. Fr. preie, mod. proie, Lat. praeda, booty, from prae and the root hed—seen in prehendere, prendere, to grasp)

prey to her . She wanders forth only at See also:

• NIGHT

night, and doors and locks See also:

• SPRING (from " to spring," " to leap or jump up," " burst out," O. Eng., springau, a common Teut. word, cf. Ger. springer, possibly allied to Gr. QnrFpxecOac, to move rapidly)

spring open at her approach . When See also:

• MORNING

morning draws near she returns to human form and removes her wolf skin . In these cases the transformation was involuntary or virtually so . But See also:

• SIDE
• SIDE (mod. Eski Adalia)

side by side with this belief in involuntary metamorphosis, we find the belief that human beings can change themselves into animals at will and then resume their own form . The expedients supposed to be adopted for effecting change of shape may here be noticed . One of the simplest apparently was the removal of clothing, and in particular of a See also:

• GIRDLE (O. Eng. gyrdel, from gyrdan, to gird; cf. Ger. Gurtel, Dutch gordel, from giirten and gorden; "gird" and its doublet " girth " together with the other Teutonic cognates have been referred by some to the root ghar—to seize, enclose, seen in Gr. )(s

girdle of human skin, or the putting on of such a girdle—more commonly the putting on of a girdle of the skin of the See also:

• ANIMAL
• ANIMAL (Lat. animalis, from anima, breath, soul)

animal whose form was to be assumed . This last See also:

• DEVICE

device is doubtless a substitute for the See also:

• ASSUMPTION, FEAST OF

assumption of an entire animal skin, which also is frequently found . In other cases the See also:

• BODY

body is rubbed with a magic salve . To drink See also:

• WATER

water out of the footprint of the animal in question, to partake of its brains, to drink of certain enchanted streams, were also considered effectual modes of accomplishing metamorphosis . Glans See also:

• MAGNUS, HEINRICH GUSTAV (1802-1870)

Magnus says that the Livonian werwolves were initiated by draining a See also:

• CUP (in O.E. cuppe; generally taken to be from Late Lat. cuppa, a variant of Lat. cupa, a cask, cf. Gr. KuaeXXov)

cup of See also:

• BEER

beer specially prepared, and repeating a set See also:

• FORMULA
• FORMULA (Lat. diminutive of forma, shape, pattern, &c., especially used of rules of judicial procedure)

formula .

Ralston in his Songs of the Russian See also:

• PEOPLE

People gives the form of See also:

• INCANTATION

incantation still familiar in Russia . Various expedients also existed for removing the beast-shape . The simplest was the See also:

• ACT (Lat. actus, actum)

act of the enchanter (operating either on himself or on a victim); another was the removal of the animal girdle . To kneel in one spot for a See also:

• HUNDRED

hundred years, to be reproached with being a werwolf, to be saluted with the sign of the See also:

• CROSS

cross, or addressed thrice by baptismal name, to be struck three blows on the forehead with a See also:

• KNIFE (0. E. cuff, a word appearing in different forms in many Teutonic languages, cf. Du. knijf, Ger. Kneif, a shoe-maker's knife, Swed. knif; the ultimate origin is unknown; Skeat finds the origin in the root of " nip," formerly " knip "; Fr. canif is a

knife, or to have at least three drops of See also:

• BLOOD

blood See also:

• DRAWN

drawn were also effectual See also:

• CURES

cures . In other cases the transformation was supposed to be accomplished by Satanic agency voluntarily submitted to, and that for the most loathsome ends, in particular for the gratification of a craving for human flesh . " The werwolves," writes See also:

• RICHARD
• RICHARD (d. 1184)
• RICHARD, FRANCOIS MARIE BENJAMIN (18,9-1908)
• RICHARD, HENRY (1812-1888)
• RICHARD, ST

Richard Verstegan (Restitution of Decayed Intelligence, 1628),"are certayne sorcerers, who having annoynted their bodies with an oyntment which they make by the See also:

• INSTINCT

instinct of the devill, and putting on a certayne inchaunted girdle, doe not onely unto the view of others seeme as wolves, but to their owne thinking have both the shape and nature of wolves, so See also:

• LONG, GEORGE (1800-1879)
• LONG, JOHN DAVIS (1838– )

long as they weare the said girdle . And they do dispose themselves as very wolves, in wourrying and killing, and most of humane creatures." Such were the views about lycanthropy current throughout the See also:

• CONTINENT (from Lat. continere, "to hold together "; hence " connected," " continuous ")

continent of Europe when Verstegan wrote . France in particular seems to have beeninfested with werwolves during the 16th See also:

• CENTURY (from Lat. centuria, a division of a hundred men)

century, and the consequent trials were very numerous . In some of the cases—e.g. those of the Gandillon family in the See also:

• JURA
• JURA (" deer island ")

Jura, the tailor of Chalons and Roulet in See also:

• ANGERS

Angers, all occurring in the See also:

• YEAR

year 1598, —there was clear evidence against the accused of See also:

• MURDER

murder and See also:

• CANNIBALISM

cannibalism, but none of association with wolves; in other cases, as that of Gilles Gamier in See also:

• DOLE
• DOLE (from Old Eng. dal, cf. mod. " deal ")

Dole in 1573, there was clear evidence against some wolf, but none against the accused; in all the cases, with hardly an exception, there was that extra-See also:

• ORDINARY (med. Lat. ordinarius, Fr. ordinaire)

ordinary readiness in the accused to confess and even to give circumstantial details of the metamorphosis, which is one of the most inexplicable concomitants of See also:

• MEDIEVAL

medieval See also:

• WITCHCRAFT

witchcraft . Yet, while this lycanthropy See also:

• FEVER (Lat. febris, connected with fervere, to burn)

fever, both of suspectors and of suspected, was at its height, it was decided in the See also:

• CASE
• CASE, JOHN (d. 1600)

case of See also:

• JEAN

Jean Grenier at See also:

• BORDEAUX

Bordeaux, in 1603, that lycanthropy was nothing more than an insane delusion . From this See also:

• TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
• TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
• TIME, STANDARD

time the loup-garou gradually ceased to be regarded as a dangerous heretic, and See also:

• FELL
• FELL, JOHN (1625-1686)

fell back into his pre- Christianic position of being simply a " man-wolf-fiend," as which he still survives among the See also:

• FRENCH
• FRENCH, DANIEL CHESTER (1850– )
• FRENCH, NICHOLAS (1604-1678)

French peasantry . In See also:

• PRUSSIA
• PRUSSIA (Ger. Preussen; Lat. Borussia)

Prussia, See also:

• LIVONIA, or LIVLAND (Russian, Liflandia)

Livonia and Lithuania, according to the bishops Claus Magnus and Majolus, the werwolves were in the 16th century far more destructive than " true and natural wolves," and their heterodoxy appears from the assertion that they formed " an accursed See also:

• COLLEGE (Collegium)

college " of those " desirous of innovations contrary to the divine See also:

• LAW
• LAW (0. Eng. lagu, M. Eng. lawe; from an old Teutonic root lag, " lie," what lies fixed or evenly; cf. Lat. lex, Fr. loi)
• LAW, JOHN (1671—1729)
• LAW, WILLIAM (1686-1761)

law." In England, however, where at the beginning of the 17th century the See also:

• PUNISHMENT (from Lat. punire, to punish, from poena, punishment, Gr. 7rocvil)

punishment of witchcraft was still zealously prosecuted by See also:

• JAMES
• JAMES (Gr. 'IlrKw,l3or, the Heb. Ya`akob or Jacob)
• JAMES (JAMES FRANCIS EDWARD STUART) (1688-1766)
• JAMES, 2ND EARL OF DOUGLAS AND MAR(c. 1358–1388)
• JAMES, DAVID (1839-1893)
• JAMES, EPISTLE OF
• JAMES, GEORGE PAYNE RAINSFOP
• JAMES, HENRY (1843— )
• JAMES, JOHN ANGELL (1785-1859)
• JAMES, THOMAS (c. 1573–1629)
• JAMES, WILLIAM (1842–1910)
• JAMES, WILLIAM (d. 1827)

James I., the wolf had been so long extinct that that pious monarch was himself able (Demonologie, See also:

• LIB

lib. iii.) to regard " warwoolfes " as victims of delusion induced by " a naturall superabundance of melancholie." Only small creatures, such as the See also:

• CAT
• CAT, CIVET
• CAT, HOUSE

cat, the See also:

• HARE
• HARE, SIR JOHN (1844– )

hare and the See also:

• WEASEL (Putorius nivalis)

weasel, remained for the See also:

• MALIGNANT (Lat. malignus, evil-disposed, from maligenus)

malignant sorcerer to transform himself into; but he was firmly believed to avail himself of these agencies .

Belief in See also:

• WITCH

witch-animals still survives among the uneducated classes in parts of the See also:

• UNITED

United See also:

• KINGDOM

Kingdom . The werwolves of the See also:

• CHRISTIAN
• CHRISTIAN, WILLIAM (1608-1663)

Christian See also:

• DISPENSATION

dispensation were not, however, all heretics, all viciously disposed towards mankind . " According to See also:

• BARONIUS, CAESAR (1538-1607)

Baronius, in the year 617, a number of wolves presented themselves at a monastery, and tore in pieces several friars who entertained heretical opinions . The wolves sent by See also:

• GOD

God tore the sacrilegious thieves of the See also:

• ARMY
• ARMY (from Fr. armee, Lat. armata)

army of See also:

• FRANCESCO
• FRANCESCO, 210

Francesco Maria, See also:

• DUKE (corresponding to Fr. duc, Ital. duca, Ger. Herzog)

duke of See also:

• URBINO (anc. Urvinum Mataurense)

Urbino, who had come to See also:

• SACK

sack the treasure of the See also:

• HOLY

holy See also:

• HOUSE
• HOUSE (O. Eng. hiss, a word common to Teutonic languages, cf. Dut. huis, Ger. Haus; in Gothic it is only found in gudhiss, a temple; it may be ultimately connected with the root of " hide," conceal)

house of See also:

• LORETO

Loreto . A wolf guarded and defended from the See also:

• WILD, JONATHAN (c. 1682-1725)

wild beasts the See also:

• HEAD (in 0. Eng. heafad; the word is common to Teutonic languages; cf. Dutch hoofd, Ger. Haupt, generally taken to be in origin connected with Lat. caput, Gr. KerbOvi7)
• HEAD, SIR EDMUND WALKER, BART
• HEAD, SIR FRANCIS BOND, BART

head of St See also:

• EDMUND
• EDMUND, or EADMUND (c. 980-1016)
• EDMUND, SAINT [EDMUND RICE] (d. 1240)

Edmund the See also:

• MARTYR (Gr. pimp or µaprvs)

martyr, See also:

• KING
• KING (O. Eng. cyning, abbreviated into cyng, cing; cf. O. H. G. chun- kuning, chun- kunig, M.H.G. kiinic, kiinec, kiinc, Mod. Ger. Konig, O. Norse konungr, kongr, Swed. konung, kung)
• KING [OF OCKHAM], PETER KING, 1ST BARON (1669-1734)
• KING, CHARLES WILLIAM (1818-1888)
• KING, CLARENCE (1842–1901)
• KING, EDWARD (1612–1637)
• KING, EDWARD (1829–1910)
• KING, HENRY (1591-1669)
• KING, RUFUS (1755–1827)
• KING, THOMAS (1730–1805)
• KING, WILLIAM (1650-1729)
• KING, WILLIAM (1663–1712)

king of England . St Oddo, See also:

• ABBOT (from the Hebrew ab, a father, through the Syriac abba, Lat. abbas, gen. abbatis, O.E. abbad, fr. late Lat. form abbad-em changed in 13th century under influence of the Lat. form to abbat, used alternatively till the end of the 17th century; Ger. Ab
• ABBOT, EZRA (1819-1884)
• ABBOT, GEORGE (1603-1648)
• ABBOT, ROBERT (1588?–1662?)
• ABBOT, WILLIAM (1798-1843)

abbot of See also:

• CLUNY, or CLUGNY

Cluny, assailed in a See also:

• PILGRIMAGE (Fr. pelerinage, Lat. peregrinatio)

pilgrimage by foxes, was delivered and escorted by a wolf " (A. de See also:

• GUBERNATIS, ANGELO DE, COUNT (1840– )

Gubernatis, Zoological Mythology, 1872, vol. ii. p . 145) . Many of the werwolves were most See also:

• INNOCENT (INNOCENTIUS)
• INNOCENT (POPES)

innocent and God-fearing persons, who suffered through the witchcraft of others, or simply from an unhappy fate, and who as wolves behaved in a truly touching See also:

• FASHION (adapted from Fr. facon, agon, Lat. factio, making, facere, to do or make)

fashion, fawning upon and protecting their benefactors . Of this sort were the " Bisclaveret " in See also:

• MARIE

Marie de France's poem (c . 1200), the See also:

• HERO (Gr. open)
• HERO, THE YOUNGER

hero of " See also:

• WILLIAM
• WILLIAM (1143-1214)
• WILLIAM (1227-1256)
• WILLIAM (1J33-1584)
• WILLIAM (A.S. Wilhelm, O. Norse Vilhidlmr; O. H. Ger. Willahelm, Willahalm, M. H. Ger. Willehelm, Willehalm, Mod.Ger. Wilhelm; Du. Willem; O. Fr. Villalme, Mod. Fr. Guillaume; from " will," Goth. vilja, and " helm," Goth. hilms, Old Norse hidlmr, meaning
• WILLIAM (c. 1130-C. 1190)
• WILLIAM, 13TH

William and the Were-wolf " (translated from French into See also:

• ENGLISH

English about 1350), and the numerous princes and princesses, knights and ladies, who appear temporarily in beast form in the Mdrchen of the See also:

• ARYAN

Aryan nations generally . See also:

• NAY, or NEY

Nay, the See also:

• POWER [WILLIAM GRATTAN] TYRONE (1797-1841)

power of transforming others into wild beasts was attributed not only to malignant sorcerers, but also to Christian See also:

• SAINTS, BATTLE OF THE

saints . " Omnes angeli, See also:

• BONI (Bone)

boni et mali, ex virtute naturali habent potestatem transmutandi corpora nostra," was the dictum of St See also:

• THOMAS
• THOMAS (c. 1654-1720)
• THOMAS (d. 110o)
• THOMAS, ARTHUR GORING (1850-1892)
• THOMAS, CHARLES LOUIS AMBROISE (1811-1896)
• THOMAS, GEORGE (c. 1756-1802)
• THOMAS, GEORGE HENRY (1816-187o)
• THOMAS, ISAIAH (1749-1831)
• THOMAS, PIERRE (1634-1698)
• THOMAS, SIDNEY GILCHRIST (1850-1885)
• THOMAS, ST
• THOMAS, THEODORE (1835-1905)
• THOMAS, WILLIAM (d. 1554)

Thomas See also:

• AQUINAS, THOMAS [Thomas of AQUIN or AQUINO], (c 1227--1274)

Aquinas .

St See also:

• PATRICK, SIMON (1626–1707)
• PATRICK, ST

Patrick transformed Vereticus, king of Wales, into a wolf; and St Natalis cursed an illustrious Irish family, with the result that each member of it was doomed to be a wolf for seven years . In other tales the divine agency is still more See also:

• DIRECT

direct, while in Russia, again, men are supposed to become werwolves through incurring the wrath of the See also:

• DEVIL (Gr. &a,3oXos, " slanderer," from &ctflisXX sty, to slander)

devil . Lancre, Tableau de l'inconstance de mauvais anges (See also:

• PARIS
• PARIS (also called ALEXANDROS)
• PARIS, ALEXIS PAULIN (1800-x881)
• PARIS, BRUNO PAULIN GASTON (1839-1903)
• PARIS, FRANCOIS DE (169o-1727)
• PARIS, LOUIS PHILIPPE ALBERT
• PARIS, TREATIES OF (1814-1815)

Paris, 1613) ; See also:

• PSELLUS (Gr.'I' XXor)

Psellus, De operatione daemonum (Paris, 1615) ; see also Glanvil, Sadducismus triumphatus, for the English equivalents of lycanthropy . See also:

• TREATISES

Treatises solely confined to lycanthropy are rare both in medieval and in See also:

• MODERN

modern times; but a few are well known, as, for instance, those of Bourquelot and Nynauld, De la lycanthropie (Paris, 1615) . See also Leubuscher, Uber See also:

• DIE
• DIE (Fr. de, from Lat. datum, given)

die Wehrwolfe (185o); See also:

• GRIMM, FRIEDRICH MELCHIOR, I
• GRIMM, JACOB LUDWIG CARL (1785-1863)
• GRIMM, WILHELM CARL (1786-1859)

Grimm, Deutsche Mythologie, 4, ii. and iii.; See also:

• HERTZ, HEINRICH RUDOLF (1857-1894)
• HERTZ, HENRIK (1797–1870)

Hertz, Der Werwolf (See also:

• STUTTGART

Stuttgart, 1862); See also:

• BARING

Baring See also:

• GOULD, AUGUSTUS ADDISON (,8o5-1866)
• GOULD, BENJAMIN APTHORP (1824-1896)
• GOULD, JAY (1836-1892)
• GOULD, SIR FRANCIS CARRUTHERS (1844- )

Gould, The See also:

• BOOK

Book of Were-wolves (See also:

• LONDON

London, 1865) . Also the bibliography to LYCANTHROPY, and See also:

• ANDREE, KARL (1808-1875)
• ANDREE, SALOMON AUGUST (1854-1897 ?)

Andree, Ethno- vaphische Parallelen, 1st See also:

• SERIES (a Latin word from serere, to join)

series, 62–8o; See also:

• TYLOR, EDWARD BURNETT (1832- )

Tylor, See also:

• PRIMITIVE

Primitive Culture, i.; . Sebillot, Traditions de la Haute-Bretagne, i . 289 . (N . W . T.; J . F .