JOHANN RUCHRAT VON See also:

• WESEL
• JOHANN RUCHRAT VON WESEL (d. 1481)

WESEL (d. 1481)  , See also:

• GERMAN
• GERMAN, DUTCH AND SCANDINAVIAN

German theologian, was See also:

• BORN, IGNAZ, EDLER VON (1742–1791)

born at Oberwesel See also:

• EARLY
• EARLY, JUBAL ANDERSON (1816-1894)

early in the 15th See also:

• CENTURY (from Lat. centuria, a division of a hundred men)

century . He appears to have been one of the leaders of the humanist See also:

• MOVEMENT

movement in See also:

• GERMANY
• GERMANY (Ger. Deutschland)

Germany, and to have had some intercourse and sympathy with the leaders of the See also:

• HUSSITES

Hussites in Bohemia . See also:

• ERFURT

Erfurt was in his See also:

• DAY (O. Eng. dreg, Ger. Tag; according to the New English Dictionary, " in no way related to the Lat. dies")
• DAY, JOHN (1574-1640?)
• DAY, THOMAS (1748-1789)

day the headquarters of a See also:

• HUMANISM (from Lat. humanus, human, connected with holm)

humanism which was both devout and opposed to the realist metaphysic and the Thomist See also:

• THEOLOGY

theology which prevailed in the See also:

• UNIVERSITIES

universities of See also:

• COLOGNE (Ger. Koln, or officially, since 1900, Coln)

Cologne and See also:

• HEIDELBERG

Heidelberg . See also:

• WESEL
• WESEL, JOHANN RUCHRAT VON (d. 1481)

Wesel was one of the professors at Erfurt between 1445 and 1456, and was See also:

• VICE

vice-See also:

• RECTOR (Lat. for " ruler," " guide," &c., from regere, " rule ")

rector in 1458 . In 146o he was appointed preacher at See also:

• MAINZ (Fr. Mayence)

Mainz, in 1462 at See also:

• WORMS

Worms, and in 1479, when an old and worn-out See also:

• MAN
• MAN, ISLE OF (anc. Mona)

man, he was brought before the Dominican inquisitor See also:

• GERHARD
• GERHARD, FRIEDRICH WILHELM EDUARD (1795-1867)

Gerhard Elten of Cologne . The charges brought against him took a theological turn, though they were probably prompted by dislike of his philosophical views . They were chiefly based on a See also:

• TREATISE

treatise, De indulgentiis, which he had composed while at Erfurt twenty-five years before . He had also written De potestate ecclesiastica . He died under See also:

• SENTENCE (Lat. sententia, a way of thinking, opinion, judgment; vote, sentire, to feel, think)

sentence of imprisonment for See also:

• LIFE

life in the Augustinian See also:

• CONVENT (Lat. conventus, from convenire, to come together)

convent in Mainz in 148r . It is somewhat difficult to determine the exact theological position of Wesel . See also:

• ULLMANN, KARL (1796-1865)

Ullmann claims him as a " reformer before the See also:

• REFORMATION
• REFORMATION, THE

Reformation," but, while he mastered the formal principle of Protestantism, that scripture is the See also:

• SOLE (Solea)

sole See also:

• RULE

rule of faith, it is more than doubtful that he had that experimental view of the doctrines of See also:

• GRACE (Fr. grace, Lat. gratia, from grates, beloved, pleasing; formed from the root cra-, Gr. xav-, cf. xaipw, x6p,ua, Xapts)
• GRACE, WILLIAM GILBERT (1848– )

grace which See also:

• LAY

lay at the basis of Reformation theology . He held that See also:

• CHRIST (Gr. X pLQTOS, Anointed)
• CHRIST, WILHELM VON (1831-1906)

Christ is men's righteousness in so far as they are guided by the See also:

• HOLY

Holy See also:

• GHOST (a word common to the W. Teutonic languages; O.E. vest, Dutch, 'geest, Ger. Geist)

Ghost, and the love towards See also:

• GOD

God is See also:

• SHED

shed abroad in their See also:

• HEARTS

hearts, which clearly shows that he held the See also:

• MEDIEVAL

medieval See also:

• IDEA (Gr. Ibia, connected with i&eiv, to see; cf. Lat. species from specere, to look at)

idea that See also:

• JUSTIFICATION

justification is an habitual grace implanted in men by the gracious at of God .

He seems, however, to have protested against certain medieval ecclesiastical ideas which he held to be excrescences erroneously grafted on See also:

• CHRISTIAN
• CHRISTIAN, WILLIAM (1608-1663)

Christian faith and practice . He objected to the whole See also:

• SYSTEM

system of indulgences; he denied the See also:

• INFALLIBILITY (Fr. infaillibilite and infallibilite, the latter now obsolete, Med. Lat. infallibilitas, infallibilis, formed from faller, to make a mistake)

infallibility of the See also:

• CHURCH
• CHURCH (according to most authorities derived from the Gr. Kvpcaxov [&wµa], " the Lord's [house]," and common to many Teutonic, Slavonic and other languages under various forms—Scottish kirk, Ger. Kirche, Swed. kirka, Dan. kirke, Russ. tserkov, Buig. cerk
• CHURCH, FREDERICK EDWIN (1826-1900)
• CHURCH, GEORGE EARL (1835–1910)
• CHURCH, RICHARD WILLIAM (1815–189o)
• CHURCH, SIR RICHARD (1784–1873)

church, on the ground. that the church contains within it sinners as well as See also:

• SAINTS, BATTLE OF THE

saints; he insisted that papal authority could be upheld only when the See also:

• POPE (Gr. irarraas, post-classical Lat. papa, father)
• POPE, ALEXANDER (1688–1744)
• POPE, ALEXANDER (1763-1835)
• POPE, JANE (1742-1818)
• POPE, JOHN (1822-1892)
• POPE, SIR THOMAS (c. 1507-1559)

pope remained true to the evangel; and he held that a See also:

• SHARP, GRANVILLE (1735-1813)
• SHARP, JAMES (1618-1679)
• SHARP, JOHN (1645-1714)
• SHARP, RICHARD (1759-1835)
• SHARP, WILLIAM (1749-1824)
• SHARP, WILLIAM (1856-1905)

sharp distinction ought to be See also:

• DRAWN

drawn between ecclesiastical sentences and punishments, and the judgments of God . The best See also:

• ACCOUNT
• ACCOUNT (through O. Fr. acont, Late Lat. comptum, cornputare, to calculate)

account of Wesel is to be found in K . Ullmann's Reformers before the Reformation . His See also:

• TRACT (from Lat. tractare, to treat of a matter, through Provencal tractat and Ital. trattato)

tract on Indulgences is published in See also:

• WATCH (in O. Eng. wcecce, a keeping guard or watching, from wacian, to guard, watch, wacan, to wake)

Watch's Monumenta Medii Aevi, vol. i., while a See also:

• REPORT (O.Fr. report or raport, modern rapport, from O.Fr. reporter, mod. rap porter, Lat. reportare, to bring back, in poetical use only, of bringing back an account, news, &c.)

report of his trial is given in Ortuin C:ratius's Fasciculus rerum expetendarumn et fugiendarum (ed. by See also:

• BROWNE
• BROWNE, EDWARD HAROLD (18,1–1891)
• BROWNE, ISAAC HAWKINS (1705-1760)
• BROWNE, JAMES (1793–1841)
• BROWNE, MAXIMILIAN ULYSSES, COUNT VON, BARON DE CAMUS AND MOUNTANY (1705-1757)
• BROWNE, PETER (?1665-1735)
• BROWNE, ROBERT (1550-1633)
• BROWNE, SIR JAMES (1839–1896)
• BROWNE, SIR THOMAS (1605-1682)
• BROWNE, WILLIAM (1591–1643)
• BROWNE, WILLIAM GEORGE (1768-1813)

Browne, See also:

• LONDON

London, 1690), and d'Argentre's Collectio judiciorum de novis erroribus (See also:

• PARIS
• PARIS (also called ALEXANDROS)
• PARIS, ALEXIS PAULIN (1800-x881)
• PARIS, BRUNO PAULIN GASTON (1839-1903)
• PARIS, FRANCOIS DE (169o-1727)
• PARIS, LOUIS PHILIPPE ALBERT
• PARIS, TREATIES OF (1814-1815)

Paris, 1728) . See also See also:

• OTTO

Otto Clemen's See also:

• ART

art. in See also:

• HERZOG, HANS (1819–1894)
• HERZOG, JOHANN JAKOB (1805-1882)

Herzog-Hauck's Realencyklopadie See also:

• FILE

file prat . Theologie and Kirche (3rd ed., See also:

• LEIPZIG

Leipzig, 1908), xxi . 127 .