See also:

• RICHARD
• RICHARD (d. 1184)
• RICHARD, FRANCOIS MARIE BENJAMIN (18,9-1908)
• RICHARD, HENRY (1812-1888)
• RICHARD, ST

RICHARD See also:

• RICHARD WHATELY (1787-1863)

WHATELY (1787-1863)  , See also:

• ENGLISH

English logician and theological writer, See also:

• ARCHBISHOP (Lat. archiepiscopus, from Gr. apxceatorcoros)

archbishop of See also:

• DUBLIN

Dublin, was See also:

• BORN, IGNAZ, EDLER VON (1742–1791)

born in See also:

• LONDON

London on the 1st of See also:

• FEBRUARY

February 1787 . He was educated at a private school near See also:

• BRISTOL
• BRISTOL, EARLS AND MARQUESSES OF
• BRISTOL, GEORGE DIGBY, 2ND EARL OF1 (1612-1677)
• BRISTOL, JOHN DIGBY, 1ST EARL OF 6 (1580-1653)

Bristol, and at See also:

• ORIEL
• ORIEL, JOHN FOSTER, BARON (1740-1828)

Oriel See also:

• COLLEGE (Collegium)

College, See also:

• OXFORD
• OXFORD, EARLS OF
• OXFORD, EDWARD DE VERE, 17TH EARL
• OXFORD, JOHN DE VERE, 13TH EARL OF (1443-1513)
• OXFORD, PROVISIONS OF
• OXFORD, ROBERT DE VERE, 9TH EARL OF (1362-1392)
• OXFORD, ROBERT HARLEY, 1ST

Oxford . He obtained See also:

• DOUBLE
• DOUBLE (from the Mid. Eng. duble, the form which gives the present pronunciation, through the Old Er. duble, from Lat. duplus, twice as much)

double seccnd-class honours and the See also:

• PRIZE, or PRIZE OF WAR (Fr. prise, from prendre, to take)

prize for the English See also:

• ESSAY, ESSAYIST (Fr. essai, Late Lat. exagium, a weighing or balance; exigere, to examine; the term in general meaning any trial or effort)

essay; in 1811 he was elected See also:

• FELLOW

fellow of Oriel, and in 1814 took orders . During his See also:

• RESIDENCE (Latin residere, to remain behind, to dwell, reside)

residence at Oxford he wrote his celebrated See also:

• TRACT (from Lat. tractare, to treat of a matter, through Provencal tractat and Ital. trattato)

tract, Historic Doubts relative to See also:

• NAPOLEON

Napoleon See also:

• BONAPARTE

Bonaparte, a very See also:

• CLEVER

clever jeu d'esprit directed against excessive See also:

• SCEPTICISM (o-Kesrroµai, I consider, reflect, hesitate, doubt)

scepticism as applied to the See also:

• GOSPEL (O. Eng. godspel, i.e. good news, a translation of Lat. bona annuntiatio, or evangelium, Gr. evayyeXwv; cf. Goth. iu spillon, " to announce good news," Ulfilas' translation of the Greek, from iu, that which is good, and spellon to announce)

Gospel See also:

• HISTORY

history . After his See also:

• MARRIAGE

marriage in 1821 he settled in Oxford, and in 1822 was appointed See also:

• BAMPTON, JOHN (c. 169o-1751)

Bampton lecturer . The lectures, On the Use and Abuse of Party Spirit in Matters of See also:

• RELIGION
• RELIGION, FOLKLORE, CUSTOM

Religion, were published in the same See also:

• YEAR

year . In See also:

• AUGUST (originally Sextilis)

August 1823 he re-moved to Halesworth in See also:

• SUFFOLK
• SUFFOLK, CHARLES BRANDON, 1ST DUKE OF (c. 1484–'545)
• SUFFOLK, EARLS AND DUKES OF
• SUFFOLK, THOMAS HOWARD, 1ST EARL OF (1561-1626)
• SUFFOLK, WILLIAM DE LA POLE

Suffolk, but in 1825, having been appointed See also:

• PRINCIPAL

principal of St See also:

• ALBAN, SAINT

Alban See also:

• HALL
• HALL (generally known as SCHWABISCH-HALL, tc distinguish it from the small town of Hall in Tirol and Bad-Hall, a health resort in Upper Austria)
• HALL (O.E. heall, a common Teutonic word, cf. Ger. Halle)
• HALL, BASIL (1788-1844)
• HALL, CARL CHRISTIAN (1812–1888)
• HALL, CHARLES FRANCIS (1821-1871)
• HALL, CHRISTOPHER NEWMAN (1816—19oz)
• HALL, EDWARD (c. 1498-1547)
• HALL, FITZEDWARD (1825-1901)
• HALL, ISAAC HOLLISTER (1837-1896)
• HALL, JAMES (1793–1868)
• HALL, JAMES (1811–1898)
• HALL, JOSEPH (1574-1656)
• HALL, MARSHALL (1790-1857)
• HALL, ROBERT (1764-1831)
• HALL, SAMUEL CARTER (5800-5889)
• HALL, SIR JAMES (1761-1832)
• HALL, WILLIAM EDWARD (1835-1894)

Hall, he returned to Oxford . At St Alban Hall See also:

• WHATELY, RICHARD (1787-1863)

Whately found much to reform, and he See also:

• LEFT

left it a different See also:

• PLACE (through Fr. from Lat. platea, street; Gr. IrAar6s, wide)

place . In 1825 he published a See also:

• SERIES (a Latin word from serere, to join)

series of Essays on Some of the Peculiarities of the See also:

• CHRISTIAN
• CHRISTIAN, WILLIAM (1608-1663)

Christian Religion, followed in 1828 by a second series On some of the Difficulties in the Writings of St See also:

• PAUL
• PAUL (PAULUS)

Paul, and in 183o by a third On the Errors of Rontanism traced to their Origin in Human Nature . While he was at St Alban Hall (1826) the See also:

• WORK

work appeared which is perhaps most closely associated with his name—his See also:

• TREATISE

treatise on See also:

• LOGIC (Xoy1K7, sc. rixvrt, the art of reasoning)

Logic, originally contributed to the See also:

• ENCYCLOPAEDIA

Encyclopaedia Metropolitana, in which he raised the study of the subject to a new level . It gave a See also:

• GREAT

great impetus to the study of logic throughout Great See also:

• BRITAIN (Gr. Hperavuml vi7vot, Bperravia; Lat. Britannia, rarely Britannia)

Britain . A similar treatise on See also:

• RHETORIC (Gr. psroperctj TEXvq, the art of the orator)

Rhetoric, also contributed to the Encyclopaedia, appeared in 1828 .

In 1829 Whately was elected to the professorship of See also:

• POLITICAL

political See also:

• ECONOMY

economy at Oxford in See also:

• SUCCESSION (Lat. successio, from succedere, to follow after)

succession to See also:

• NASSAU

Nassau See also:

• WILLIAM
• WILLIAM (1143-1214)
• WILLIAM (1227-1256)
• WILLIAM (1J33-1584)
• WILLIAM (A.S. Wilhelm, O. Norse Vilhidlmr; O. H. Ger. Willahelm, Willahalm, M. H. Ger. Willehelm, Willehalm, Mod.Ger. Wilhelm; Du. Willem; O. Fr. Villalme, Mod. Fr. Guillaume; from " will," Goth. vilja, and " helm," Goth. hilms, Old Norse hidlmr, meaning
• WILLIAM (c. 1130-C. 1190)
• WILLIAM, 13TH

William See also:

• SENIOR, NASSAU WILLIAM (1790-1864)

Senior . This was a subject admirably suited to his lucid, See also:

• PRACTICAL

practical See also:

• INTELLECT (Lat. intellectus, from intelligere, to understand)

intellect; but his See also:

• TENURE (Fr. tenure, from Lat. tenere, to hold)

tenure of See also:

• OFFICE (from Lat. officium, " duty," " service," a shortened form of opifacium, from facere, " to do," and either the stem of opes, " wealth," " aid," or opus, " work ")

office was cut See also:

• SHORT, FRANCIS JOB (1857– )

short by his See also:

• APPOINTMENT, POWER OF

appointment to the archbishopric of Dublin in 1831 . He published only one course of See also:

• INTRODUCTORY

Introductory Lectures (1831), but one of his first acts on going to Dublin was to endow a See also:

• CHAIR (in. Mid. Eng. chcere, through O. Fr. chaire or chaiere, from Lat. cathedra, later caledra, Gr. xaOi3pa, seat, cf. "cathedral"; the modern Fr. form chaise, a chair, has been adopted in English with a particular meaning as a form of carriage; chaire

chair of political economy in Trinity College out of his private See also:

• PURSE (Late Lat. bursa, adapted from Gr. Gupta, hide, skin; possibly O. Eng. pusa, bag, has influenced the change from b to p)

purse . Whately's appointment by See also:

• LORD
• LORD (O. Eng. hldford, i.e. hldfweard, the warder or keeper of bread, hlIf, loaf; the word is not represented in any other Teutonic language)
• LORD, JOHN (1810-1894)

Lord See also:

• GREY, CHARLES GREY, 2ND EARL (1764-1845)
• GREY, HENRY GREY, 3RD EARL (1802-1894)
• GREY, LADY JANE (1537-1554)
• GREY, SIR EDWARD
• GREY, SIR GEORGE (1812–1898)

Grey to the see of Dublin came as a great surprise to everybody, for though a decided Liberal Whately had from the beginning stood aloof from all political parties, and ecclesiastically his position was that of an Ishmaelite fighting for his own See also:

• HAND
• HAND (a word common to Teutonic languages; cf. Ger. Hand, Goth. handus)
• HAND, FERDINAND GOTTHELF (1786-185r)

hand . The Evangelicals regarded him as a dangerous latitudinarian on the ground of his views on See also:

• CATHOLIC (Gr. KcaBoXuK6s, general, universal)

Catholic emancipation, the See also:

• SABBATH

Sabbath question, the See also:

• DOCTRINE

doctrine of See also:

• ELECTION
• ELECTION (from Lat. eligere, to pick out)

election, and certain quasi-Sabellian opinions he was supposed to hold about the See also:

• CHARACTER (Gr. xapareri7p, from xap&crew, to scratch)

character and attributes of See also:

• CHRIST (Gr. X pLQTOS, Anointed)
• CHRIST, WILHELM VON (1831-1906)

Christ, while his view of the See also:

• CHURCH
• CHURCH (according to most authorities derived from the Gr. Kvpcaxov [&wµa], " the Lord's [house]," and common to many Teutonic, Slavonic and other languages under various forms—Scottish kirk, Ger. Kirche, Swed. kirka, Dan. kirke, Russ. tserkov, Buig. cerk
• CHURCH, FREDERICK EDWIN (1826-1900)
• CHURCH, GEORGE EARL (1835–1910)
• CHURCH, RICHARD WILLIAM (1815–189o)
• CHURCH, SIR RICHARD (1784–1873)

church was diametrically opposed to that of the High Church party, and from the beginning he was the determined opponent of what was afterwards called the Tractarian See also:

• MOVEMENT

movement . The appointment was challenged in the See also:

• HOUSE
• HOUSE (O. Eng. hiss, a word common to Teutonic languages, cf. Dut. huis, Ger. Haus; in Gothic it is only found in gudhiss, a temple; it may be ultimately connected with the root of " hide," conceal)

House of Lords, but without success . In See also:

• IRELAND
• IRELAND, CHURCH
• IRELAND, CHURCH OF
• IRELAND, JOHN (1761-1842)
• IRELAND, JOHN (1838- )
• IRELAND, WILLIAM HENRY (1777-1835)

Ireland it was immensely unpopular among the Protestants, both for the reasons just mentioned and as being the appointment of an Englishman and a Whig . Whately's See also:

• BLUNT, JOHN HENRY (1823–1884)
• BLUNT, JOHN JAMES (1794–1855)
• BLUNT, WILFRID SCAWEN (184o— )

blunt outspokenness and his " want of conciliating See also:

• MANNERS, CHARLES (1857– )

manners," which even his See also:

• FRIENDS, SOCIETY
• FRIENDS, SOCIETY OF

friends admit, prevented him from ever completely eradicating these prejudices, while at the same See also:

• TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
• TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
• TIME, STANDARD

time he met with determined opposition from his own See also:

• CLERGY (M.E. clergie, O. Fr. clergie, from Low Lat. form clericia [Skean, by assimilation with O. Fr. clergie, Fr. clerge,from Low Lat. clericatus)
• CLERGY, BENEFIT OF

clergy . He ran See also:

• COUNTER

counter to their most cherished prejudices from the first by connecting himself prominently with the See also:

• ATTEMPT (Lat. adtemptare, attentare, to try)

attempt to establish a See also:

• NATIONAL

national and unsectarian See also:

• SYSTEM

system of See also:

• EDUCATION

education . He enforced strict discipline in his See also:

• DIOCESE (formed on Fr. diocese, in place of the Eng. form diocess—current until the 19th century—from Lat. dioecesis, med. Lat. variant diocesis, from Gr. Swucio•tc, " house-keeping," " administration," &miceas, " to keep house," " to govern ")

diocese, where it had been See also:

• LONG, GEORGE (1800-1879)
• LONG, JOHN DAVIS (1838– )

long unknown; and he published an unanswerable statement of his views on the Sabbath (Thoughts on the Sabbath, 1832) . He took a small See also:

• COUNTRY (from the Mid. Eng. contre or contrie, and O. Fr. cuntree; Late Lat. contrata, showing the derivation from contra, opposite, over against, thus the tract of land which fronts the sight, cf. Ger. Gegend, neighbourhood)

country place at See also:

• REDESDALE, JOHN

Redesdale, 4 M. out of Dublin, where he could enjoy his favourite relaxation of gardening . Here his See also:

• LIFE

life was one of indefatigable See also:

• INDUSTRY (Lat. industria, from indu-, a form of the pre, position in, and either stare, to stand, or struere, to pile up)

industry .

Questions of See also:

• TITHES

tithes, reform of the Irish church and of the Irish Poor See also:

• LAWS

Laws, and, in particular, the organization of national education occupied much of his time . But he found leisure for the discussion of other public questions, for example, the subject of transportation and the See also:

• GENERAL
• GENERAL (Lat. generalis, of or relating to a genus, kind or class)

general question of secondary punishments . In 1837 he wrote his well-known handbook of Christian Evidences, which was translated during his lifetime into more than a dozen See also:

• LANGUAGES

languages . At a later See also:

• PERIOD
• PERIOD (Gr. irepioSos, a going or way round, circuit, aepi, round, and &Sis, way, road)

period he also wrote, in a similar See also:

• FORM (Lat. forma)

form, Easy Lessons on Reasoning, on Morals, on Mind and on the See also:

• BRITISH

British Constitution . Among his other See also:

• WORKS

works may be mentioned Charges and Tracts (1836), Essays on Some of the Dangers to Christian Faith (1839), The See also:

• KINGDOM

Kingdom of Christ (1841) . He also edited See also:

• BACON
• BACON (through the O. Fr. bacon, Low Lat. baco, from a Teutonic word cognate with " back," e.g. O. H. Ger. pacho, M. H. Ger. backe, buttock, flitch of bacon)
• BACON, FRANCIS (BARON VERULAM, VISCOUNT ST ALBANS) (1561-1626)
• BACON, JOHN (1740–1799)
• BACON, LEONARD (1802–1881)
• BACON, ROGER (c. 1214-c. 1294)
• BACON, SIR NICHOLAS (1509-1579)

Bacon's Essays, See also:

• PALEY, FREDERICK APTHORP (1815-1888)
• PALEY, WILLIAM (1743-1805)

Paley's Evidences and Paley's Moral See also:

• PHILOSOPHY (Gr. gthos, fond of, and vo4 (a, wisdom)

Philosophy . His cherished See also:

• SCHEME (Lat. schema, Gr. oxfjya, figure, form, from the root axe, seen in exeiv, to have, hold, to be of such shape, form, &c.)

scheme of unsectarian religious instruction for Protestants and Catholics alike was carried out for a number of years with a measure of success, but in 1852 the scheme See also:

• BROKE, or BROOKE, ARTHUR (d. 1563)
• BROKE, SIR PHILIP BOWES VERE, BART

broke down owing to the op-position of the new Catholic archbishop of Dublin, and Whately See also:

• FELT (cognate with Ger. Filz, Du. vilt, Swed. and Dan. fill; the root is unknown; the word has given Med. Lat. filtrum, " filter ")

felt himself constrained to withdraw from the Education See also:

• BOARD (O. Eng. bord)

Board . From the beginning Whately was a keen-sighted observer of the See also:

• CONDITION (Lat. condicio, from condicere, to agree upon, arrange; not connected with conditio, from condere, conditum, to put together)

condition of Ireland question, and gave much offence by openly supporting the See also:

• STATE
• STATE, GREAT OFFICERS OF

state endowment of the Catholic clergy as a measure of See also:

• JUSTICE (Lat. justitia)

justice . During the terrible years of 1846 and 1847 the archbishop and his See also:

• FAMILY

family were unwearied in their efforts to alleviate the miseries of the See also:

• PEOPLE

people . From 1856 onwards symptoms of decline began to See also:

• MANIFEST (Lat. manifestus, clear, open to view)

manifest themselves in a paralytic See also:

• AFFECTION (Lat. ad, and facere, to do something to, sc. a person)

affection of the left See also:

• SIDE
• SIDE (mod. Eski Adalia)

side . Still he continued the active. See also:

• DISCHARGE (adapted from the O. Fr. discharge, modern decharge, from a med. Lat. discargare, to unload, dis- and earn care, to load, cf. " charge ")

discharge of his public duties till the summer of 1863, when he was prostrated by an See also:

• ULCER

ulcer in the See also:

• LEG
• LEG (a word of Scandinavian origin, from the Old Norwegian leggr, cf. Swed. lagg, Dan. laeg; the O. Eng. word was sceanca, shank)

leg, and after several months of acute suffering he died on the 8th of See also:

• OCTOBER

October 1863 . Whately was a great talker, much addicted in See also:

• EARLY
• EARLY, JUBAL ANDERSON (1816-1894)

early life to See also:

• ARGUMENT

argument, in which he used others as See also:

• INSTRUMENTS

instruments on which to See also:

• HAMMER, FRIEDRICH JULIUS (1810-1862)

hammer out his own views, and as he advanced in life much given to didactic See also:

• MONOLOGUE (from Gr. µovos, alone, and X yos, speech)

monologue .

He had a keen wit, whose See also:

• SHARP, GRANVILLE (1735-1813)
• SHARP, JAMES (1618-1679)
• SHARP, JOHN (1645-1714)
• SHARP, RICHARD (1759-1835)
• SHARP, WILLIAM (1749-1824)
• SHARP, WILLIAM (1856-1905)

sharp edge often inflicted wounds never deliberately intended by the See also:

• SPEAKER

speaker, and a wholly uncontrollable love of punning . Whately often offended people by the extreme unconventionality of his manners . When at Oxford his See also:

• WHITE
• WHITE, ANDREW DICKSON (1832– )
• WHITE, GILBERT (1720–1793)
• WHITE, HENRY KIRKE (1785-1806)
• WHITE, HUGH LAWSON (1773-1840)
• WHITE, JOSEPH BLANCO (1775-1841)
• WHITE, RICHARD GRANT (1822-1885)
• WHITE, ROBERT (1645-1704)
• WHITE, SIR GEORGE STUART (1835– )
• WHITE, SIR THOMAS (1492-1567)
• WHITE, SIR WILLIAM ARTHUR (1824--1891)
• WHITE, SIR WILLIAM HENRY (1845– )
• WHITE, THOMAS (1628-1698)
• WHITE, THOMAS (c. 1550-1624)

white See also:

• HAT

hat, rough white coat, and huge white See also:

• DOG

dog earned for him the See also:

• SOBRIQUET

sobriquet of the White See also:

• BEAR
• BEAR, BLACK
• BEAR, BROWN
• BEAR, GRIZZLY
• BEAR, ISABELLINE
• BEAR, WHITE

Bear, and he outraged the conventions of the place by exhibiting the exploits of his climbing dog in See also:

• CHRISTCHURCH

Christchurch Meadow . With a remarkably See also:

• FAIR

fair and lucid mind, his sympathies were narrow, and by his blunt outspokenness on points of difference he alienated many . With no mystical fibre in his own constitution,. the Tractarian movement was incomprehensible to him, and was the See also:

• OBJECT

object of his See also:

• BITTER, KARL THEODORE FRANCIS (1867– )

bitter dislike and contempt . The doctrines of the See also:

• LOW, SETH (1850- )
• LOW, WILL HICOK (1853- )

Low Church party seemed to him to be almost equally tingedwith superstition . He took a practical, almost business-like view of See also:

• CHRISTIANITY

Christianity, which seemed to High Churchmen and Evangelicals alike little better than See also:

• RATIONALISM (from Lat. rationalis, pertaining to reason, ratio)

Rationalism . In this they did Whately less than justice, for his religion was very real and genuine . But he may be said to have continued the typical Christianity of the 18th See also:

• CENTURY (from Lat. centuria, a division of a hundred men)

century—that of the theologians who went out to fight the Rationalists with their own weapons . It Was to Whately essentially a belief in certain matters of fact, to be accepted or rejected after an examination of " evidences." Hence his endeavour always is to convince the logical See also:

• FACULTY (through the French, from the Lat. facultas, ability to do anything, from facilis, easy, facere, to do; another form of the word in Lat. facilitas, facility, ease, keeps the original meaning)

faculty, and his Christianity inevitably appears as a thing of the intellect rather than of the See also:

• HEART
• HEART, LUNG

heart . Whately's qualities are exhibited at their best in his Logic, which is, as it were, the See also:

• QUINTESSENCE

quintessence of the views which he afterwards applied to different subjects . He wrote nothing better than the luminous Appendix to this work on Ambiguous Terms .

In 1864 his daughter published See also:

• MISCELLANEOUS

Miscellaneous Remains from his See also:

• COMMONPLACE

commonplace See also:

• BOOK

book and in 1866 his Life and See also:

• CORRESPONDENCE
• CORRESPONDENCE (from med. scholastic Lat. correspondentia, corrcspondere, compounded of Lat. cum, with, and respond ere, to answer; cf. Fr. correspondance)

Correspondence in two volumes . The Anecdotal See also:

• MEMOIRS

Memoirs of Archbishop Whately, by W . J Fitzpatrick (1864), enliven the picture . ' WHAT-NOT, a piece of See also:

• FURNITURE (from " furnish," Fr. fournir)

furniture, derived from the See also:

• FRENCH
• FRENCH, DANIEL CHESTER (1850– )
• FRENCH, NICHOLAS (1604-1678)

French See also:

• ETAGERE

etagere, which was exceedingly popular in See also:

• ENGLAND
• ENGLAND, THE CHURCH OF

England in the first three-quarters of the 19th century . It usually consists of slender uprights or pillars, supporting a series of shelves for holding See also:

• CHINA

china, ornaments or trifles of any See also:

• KIND (O. E. ge-cynde, from the same root as is seen in " kin," supra)

kind—hence the allusive name . In its English form, although a convenient See also:

• DRAWING

drawing-See also:

• ROOM

room receptacle, it was rarely beautiful . The early See also:

• MAHOGANY

mahogany examples are, however, sometimes graceful in their simplicity .