See also:WHITEFIELD,
.See also:GEORGE (17x4-1770), See also:English religious
See also:leader, was See also:born on the r6th of See also:December 1714 at the See also:- BELL
- BELL, ALEXANDER MELVILLE (1819—1905)
- BELL, ANDREW (1753—1832)
- BELL, GEORGE JOSEPH (1770-1843)
- BELL, HENRY (1767-1830)
- BELL, HENRY GLASSFORD (1803-1874)
- BELL, JACOB (1810-1859)
- BELL, JOHN (1691-178o)
- BELL, JOHN (1763-1820)
- BELL, JOHN (1797-1869)
- BELL, ROBERT (1800-1867)
- BELL, SIR CHARLES (1774—1842)
Bell See also:Inn, See also:Gloucester, of which his See also:father was landlord
.
At about twelve years of See also:age he was sent to the school of St See also:Mary de See also:Crypt, Gloucester, where he See also:developed some skill in elocution and a See also:taste for See also:reading plays, a circumstance which probably had considerable See also:influence on his subsequent career
.
At the age of fifteen he was taken from school to assist his See also:mother in the public-See also:house, and for a See also:year and a See also:half was a See also:common drawer
.
He then again returned to school to prepare for the university, and in 1733 entered as a servitor at See also:Pembroke See also:College, See also:- OXFORD
- OXFORD, EARLS OF
- OXFORD, EDWARD DE VERE, 17TH EARL
- OXFORD, JOHN DE VERE, 13TH EARL OF (1443-1513)
- OXFORD, PROVISIONS OF
- OXFORD, ROBERT DE VERE, 9TH EARL OF (1362-1392)
- OXFORD, ROBERT HARLEY, 1ST
Oxford, graduating in 1736
.
There he came under the influence of the Methodists (see See also:WESLEY), and entered so enthusiastically into their practices and habits that he was attacked by a severe illness, which compelled him to return to his native See also:town
.
His enthusiastic piety attracted the See also:notice of See also:- MARTIN (Martinus)
- MARTIN, BON LOUIS HENRI (1810-1883)
- MARTIN, CLAUD (1735-1800)
- MARTIN, FRANCOIS XAVIER (1762-1846)
- MARTIN, HOMER DODGE (1836-1897)
- MARTIN, JOHN (1789-1854)
- MARTIN, LUTHER (1748-1826)
- MARTIN, SIR THEODORE (1816-1909)
- MARTIN, SIR WILLIAM FANSHAWE (1801–1895)
- MARTIN, ST (c. 316-400)
- MARTIN, WILLIAM (1767-1810)
Martin See also:Benson, See also:bishop of Gloucester, who ordained him See also:deacon on the loth of See also:June 1736
.
He then began an evangelizing tour in See also:Bath, See also:Bristol and other towns, his eloquence at once attracting immense multitudes
.
In 1736 he was invited by Wesley to go out as missionary toGeorgia, and went to See also:London to wait on the trustees
.
Before setting See also:sail he preached in some of the See also:principal London churches, and. in See also:- ORDER
- ORDER (through Fr. ordre, for earlier ordene, from Lat. ordo, ordinis, rank, service, arrangement; the ultimate source is generally taken to be the root seen in Lat. oriri, rise, arise, begin; cf. " origin ")
- ORDER, HOLY
order to hear him, crowds assembled at the See also:- CHURCH
- CHURCH (according to most authorities derived from the Gr. Kvpcaxov [&wµa], " the Lord's [house]," and common to many Teutonic, Slavonic and other languages under various forms—Scottish kirk, Ger. Kirche, Swed. kirka, Dan. kirke, Russ. tserkov, Buig. cerk
- CHURCH, FREDERICK EDWIN (1826-1900)
- CHURCH, GEORGE EARL (1835–1910)
- CHURCH, RICHARD WILLIAM (1815–189o)
- CHURCH, SIR RICHARD (1784–1873)
church doors See also:long before daybreak
.
On the 28th of December 1737 he em-barked for See also:Georgia, which he reached on the 7th of May 1738
.
After three months' See also:residence there he returned to See also:England to receive See also:priest's orders, and to raise contributions for the See also:establishment of an orphanage
.
As the See also:clergy did not welcome him to their pulpits, he began to preach in the open See also:air
.
At See also:Kings-See also:wood See also:- HILL
- HILL (0. Eng. hyll; cf. Low Ger. hull, Mid. Dutch hul, allied to Lat. celsus, high, collis, hill, &c.)
- HILL, A
- HILL, AARON (1685-175o)
- HILL, AMBROSE POWELL
- HILL, DANIEL HARVEY (1821-1889)
- HILL, DAVID BENNETT (1843–1910)
- HILL, GEORGE BIRKBECK NORMAN (1835-1903)
- HILL, JAMES J
- HILL, JOHN (c. 1716-1775)
- HILL, MATTHEW DAVENPORT (1792-1872)
- HILL, OCTAVIA (1838– )
- HILL, ROWLAND (1744–1833)
- HILL, SIR ROWLAND (1795-1879)
Hill, Bristol, his addresses to the colliers soon attracted crowds, and his See also:voice was so clear and powerful that it could reach 20,000 folk
.
His fervour and dramatic See also:action.held them spell-See also:bound, and his homely pathos soon See also:broke down all barriers of resistance
.
" The first See also:discovery of their being affected," he says, " was by seeing the See also:- WHITE
- WHITE, ANDREW DICKSON (1832– )
- WHITE, GILBERT (1720–1793)
- WHITE, HENRY KIRKE (1785-1806)
- WHITE, HUGH LAWSON (1773-1840)
- WHITE, JOSEPH BLANCO (1775-1841)
- WHITE, RICHARD GRANT (1822-1885)
- WHITE, ROBERT (1645-1704)
- WHITE, SIR GEORGE STUART (1835– )
- WHITE, SIR THOMAS (1492-1567)
- WHITE, SIR WILLIAM ARTHUR (1824--1891)
- WHITE, SIR WILLIAM HENRY (1845– )
- WHITE, THOMAS (1628-1698)
- WHITE, THOMAS (c. 1550-1624)
white gutters made by their tears, which plentifully See also:fell down their See also:black cheeks." In 1738 an See also:account of See also:Whitefield's voyage from Lcndon to Georgia was published with-out his knowledge
.
In 1739 he published his See also:Journal from his arrival in See also:Savannah to his return to London, and also his Journal from his arrival in London to his departure thence on his way to Georgia
.
As his embarkation was further delayed for ten See also:weeks he published A Continuation of the Rev
.
Mr Whitefield's Journal during the See also:- TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
- TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
- TIME, STANDARD
Time he was delayed in England by the See also:Embargo
.
His unfavourable reception in England by the clergy led him to make See also:reprisals
.
To See also:Joseph Trapp's attack on the Methodists he published in 1739 A Preservative against Unsettled Notions, in which the clergy of the Church of England were denounced with some bitterness; he also published shortly afterwards The Spirit and See also:Doctrine and Lives of our See also:Modern Clergy, and a reply to a See also:pastoral See also:letter of the bishop of London in which he had been attacked
.
In the same year appeared Sermons on Various Subjects (2 vols.), the Church See also:Companion, or Sermons on Several Subjects, and a recommendatory See also:epistle to the See also:Life of See also:- THOMAS
- THOMAS (c. 1654-1720)
- THOMAS (d. 110o)
- THOMAS, ARTHUR GORING (1850-1892)
- THOMAS, CHARLES LOUIS AMBROISE (1811-1896)
- THOMAS, GEORGE (c. 1756-1802)
- THOMAS, GEORGE HENRY (1816-187o)
- THOMAS, ISAIAH (1749-1831)
- THOMAS, PIERRE (1634-1698)
- THOMAS, SIDNEY GILCHRIST (1850-1885)
- THOMAS, ST
- THOMAS, THEODORE (1835-1905)
- THOMAS, WILLIAM (d. 1554)
Thomas See also:Halyburton
.
He again embarked for See also:America in See also:August 1739, and remained there two years, See also:preaching in all the principal towns
.
He See also:left his incumbency of Savannah to a See also:lay delegate and the See also:commissary's See also:court at See also:Charleston suspended him for ceremonial irregularities
.
While there he published Three Letters from Mr Whitefield, in which he referred to the " See also:mystery of iniquity " in See also:Tillotson, and asserted that that divine knew no more of See also:Christ than See also:Mahomet did
.
During his See also:absence from England Whitefield found that a divergence of doctrine from Calvinism had been introduced by Wesley; and notwithstanding Wesley's exhortations to brotherly kindness and forbearance he withdrew from the Wesleyan connexion
.
Thereupon his See also:friends built for him near Wesley's church a wooden structure, which was named the Moorfields See also:Tabernacle
.
A reconciliation between the two See also:great evangelists was soon effected, but each thenceforth went his own way
.
In 1741, on the invitation of See also:Ralph and Ebenezer See also:Erskine, he paid a .visit to See also:Scotland, commencing his labours in the See also:Secession See also:- MEETING (from " to meet," to come together, assemble, 0. Eng. metals ; cf. Du. moeten, Swed. mota, Goth. gamotjan, &c., derivatives of the Teut. word for a meeting, seen in O. Eng. Wit, moot, an assembly of the people; cf. witanagemot)
meeting-house, See also:Dunfermline
.
But, as he refused to limit his ministrations to one See also:sect, the Seceders and he parted See also:company, and without their countenance he made a tour through the principal towns of Scotland, the authorities of which in most instances presented him with the freedom of the See also:burgh, in token of their estimate of the benefits to the community resulting from his preaching
.
From Scotland he went to See also:Wales, where on the 14th of See also:November he married a widow named See also:- JAMES
- JAMES (Gr. 'IlrKw,l3or, the Heb. Ya`akob or Jacob)
- JAMES (JAMES FRANCIS EDWARD STUART) (1688-1766)
- JAMES, 2ND EARL OF DOUGLAS AND MAR(c. 1358–1388)
- JAMES, DAVID (1839-1893)
- JAMES, EPISTLE OF
- JAMES, GEORGE PAYNE RAINSFOP
- JAMES, HENRY (1843— )
- JAMES, JOHN ANGELL (1785-1859)
- JAMES, THOMAS (c. 1573–1629)
- JAMES, WILLIAM (1842–1910)
- JAMES, WILLIAM (d. 1827)
James
.
The See also:marriage was not a happy one
.
On his return to London in 1742 he preached to the crowds in Moorfields during the Whitsun holidays with such effect as to attract nearly all the See also:people from the shows
.
After a second visit to Scotland, June-See also:October 1742 (where at See also:Cambuslang in particular he wielded a great spiritual influence), and a tour through England and Wales, 1742-1744, he embarked in August 1744 for America, where he remained till June 1748
.
On returning to London he found his See also:congregation at the Tabernacle dispersed; and his circumstances were so depressed that he was obliged to sell his See also:household See also:furniture to pay his See also:orphan-house debts
.
See also:Relief soon came through his acquaintance with Selina, countess of See also:Huntingdon (q.v.), Who appointed him one of her chaplains
.
The See also:remainder of Whitefield's life was spent chiefly in evangelizing See also:tours in Great See also:Britain, See also:Ireland and America
.
It has been stated that " in the See also:compass of a single See also:week, and that for years, he spoke in See also:general See also:forty See also:hours, and in very many sixty, and that to thousands." In 1748 the synods of See also:Glasgow, See also:Perth and See also:Lothian passed vain resolutions intended to exclude him from churches; in 1753 he compiled his hymn-See also:book, and in 1756 opened the See also:chapel which still bears his name in See also:Tottenham Court Road
.
On his return from America. to England for the last time the See also:change in his See also:appearance forcibly impressed Wesley, who wrote in his Journal: " He seemed to be an old See also:man, being fairly worn out in his See also:Master's service, though he had hardly seen fifty years." When See also:health was failing him he placed himself on what he called " See also:short See also:allowance," preaching only once every week-See also:day and thrice on See also:Sunday
.
In 1769 he returned to America for the seventh and last time, and arranged for the See also:conversion of his orphanage into See also:Bethesda College, which was burned down in 1773
.
He was now affected by a severe asthmatic complaint; but to those who advised him to take some See also:rest, he answered, " I had rather See also:wear out than See also:rust out." He died on the 3oth of See also:September 1770 at See also:Newburyport, See also:Massachusetts, where he had arrived on the previous evening with the intention of preaching next day
.
In accordance with his own See also:desire he was buried before the See also:pulpit in the Presbyterian church of the town where he died
.
Whitefield's printed See also:works convey a totally inadequate See also:idea of his oratorical See also:powers, and are all in fact below mediocrity
.
They appeared in a collected See also:form in 1771–1772 in seven volumes, the last containing See also:Memoirs of his Life, by Dr See also:John See also:Gillies
.
His Letters (1734–1770) were comprised in vols. i., ii. and iii. of his Works and were also published separately
.
His Select Works, with a memoir by J See also:- SMITH
- SMITH, ADAM (1723–1790)
- SMITH, ALEXANDER (183o-1867)
- SMITH, ANDREW JACKSON (1815-1897)
- SMITH, CHARLES EMORY (1842–1908)
- SMITH, CHARLES FERGUSON (1807–1862)
- SMITH, CHARLOTTE (1749-1806)
- SMITH, COLVIN (1795—1875)
- SMITH, EDMUND KIRBY (1824-1893)
- SMITH, G
- SMITH, GEORGE (1789-1846)
- SMITH, GEORGE (184o-1876)
- SMITH, GEORGE ADAM (1856- )
- SMITH, GERRIT (1797–1874)
- SMITH, GOLDWIN (1823-191o)
- SMITH, HENRY BOYNTON (1815-1877)
- SMITH, HENRY JOHN STEPHEN (1826-1883)
- SMITH, HENRY PRESERVED (1847– )
- SMITH, JAMES (1775–1839)
- SMITH, JOHN (1579-1631)
- SMITH, JOHN RAPHAEL (1752–1812)
- SMITH, JOSEPH, JR
- SMITH, MORGAN LEWIS (1822–1874)
- SMITH, RICHARD BAIRD (1818-1861)
- SMITH, ROBERT (1689-1768)
- SMITH, SIR HENRY GEORGE WAKELYN
- SMITH, SIR THOMAS (1513-1577)
- SMITH, SIR WILLIAM (1813-1893)
- SMITH, SIR WILLIAM SIDNEY (1764-1840)
- SMITH, SYDNEY (1771-1845)
- SMITH, THOMAS SOUTHWOOD (1788-1861)
- SMITH, WILLIAM (1769-1839)
- SMITH, WILLIAM (c. 1730-1819)
- SMITH, WILLIAM (fl. 1596)
- SMITH, WILLIAM FARRAR (1824—1903)
- SMITH, WILLIAM HENRY (1808—1872)
- SMITH, WILLIAM HENRY (1825—1891)
- SMITH, WILLIAM ROBERTSON (1846-'894)
Smith, appeared in 1850
.
See Lives by See also:Robert See also:- PHILIP
- PHILIP (Gr.'FiXtrsro , fond of horses, from dn)^eiv, to love, and limos, horse; Lat. Philip pus, whence e.g. M. H. Ger. Philippes, Dutch Filips, and, with dropping of the final s, It. Filippo, Fr. Philippe, Ger. Philipp, Sp. Felipe)
- PHILIP, JOHN (1775-1851)
- PHILIP, KING (c. 1639-1676)
- PHILIP, LANOGRAVE OF HESSE (1504-1567)
Philip (1837), L
.
Tverman (2 vols., 187E-1877), J
.
P
.
Gledstone (1871, new ed
.
1900), and W
.
H
.
See also:Lecky's See also:History of England, vol. ii
.
End of Article: