See also:

• WILLIAM
• WILLIAM (1143-1214)
• WILLIAM (1227-1256)
• WILLIAM (1J33-1584)
• WILLIAM (A.S. Wilhelm, O. Norse Vilhidlmr; O. H. Ger. Willahelm, Willahalm, M. H. Ger. Willehelm, Willehalm, Mod.Ger. Wilhelm; Du. Willem; O. Fr. Villalme, Mod. Fr. Guillaume; from " will," Goth. vilja, and " helm," Goth. hilms, Old Norse hidlmr, meaning
• WILLIAM (c. 1130-C. 1190)
• WILLIAM, 13TH

WILLIAM See also:

• DWIGHT, JOHN (d. 1703)
• DWIGHT, JOHN SULLIVAN (1813-1893)
• DWIGHT, THEODORE WILLIAM (1822-1892)
• DWIGHT, TIMOTHY (1752-1817)

DWIGHT See also:

• WHITNEY, ELI (1765-1825)
• WHITNEY, JOSIAH DWIGHT (1819-1896)
• WHITNEY, WILLIAM COLLINS (1841-1904)
• WILLIAM DWIGHT WHITNEY (1827-1894)

WHITNEY (1827-1894)  , See also:

• AMERICAN

American philologist, was See also:

• BORN, IGNAZ, EDLER VON (1742–1791)

born at See also:

• NORTHAMPTON
• NORTHAMPTON, ASSIZE OF
• NORTHAMPTON, EARLS AND MARQUESSES OF

Northampton, See also:

• MASSACHUSETTS (an Indian name, originally applied to a tribe of Indians)

Massachusetts, on the 9th of See also:

• FEBRUARY

February 1827 . He was the See also:

• FOURTH

fourth See also:

• CHILD
• CHILD, FRANCIS JAMES (1825-1896)
• CHILD, L
• CHILD, LYDIA MARIA (1802-1880)
• CHILD, SIR FRANCIS (1642-1713)
• CHILD, SIR JOHN (d. 1690)
• CHILD, SIR JOSIAH (163o - 1699)

child and the second surviving son of See also:

• JOSIAH (Heb. yo' shiyydhu, perhaps " Yah [weh] supports ")

Josiah See also:

• DWIGHT, JOHN (d. 1703)
• DWIGHT, JOHN SULLIVAN (1813-1893)
• DWIGHT, THEODORE WILLIAM (1822-1892)
• DWIGHT, TIMOTHY (1752-1817)

Dwight See also:

• WHITNEY, ELI (1765-1825)
• WHITNEY, JOSIAH DWIGHT (1819-1896)
• WHITNEY, WILLIAM COLLINS (1841-1904)
• WHITNEY, WILLIAM DWIGHT (1827-1894)

Whitney, a banker, and Sarah Williston, daughter of the Rev . See also:

• PAYSON, EDWARD (1783–1827)

Payson Williston (1763-1856) of See also:

• EASTHAMPTON

Easthampton, See also:

• MASS (O.E. maesse; Fr. messe; Ger. Messe; Ital. messa; from eccl. Lat. missa)
• MASS, IN

Mass., and a See also:

• SISTER

sister of See also:

• SAMUEL

Samuel Williston (1795-1874), founder of Williston See also:

• SEMINARY (Lat. seminarium, from semen, seed)

Seminary at Easthampton . Through both parents he was descended from New See also:

• ENGLAND
• ENGLAND, THE CHURCH OF

England stock remark-able alike for See also:

• PHYSICAL

physical and See also:

• MENTAL

mental vigour; and he inherited all the social and intellectual advantages that were afforded by a community noted, in the See also:

• HISTORY

history of New England, for the large number of distinguished men whom it produced . At the See also:

• AGE (Fr. age, through late Lat. aetaticum, from aetas)

age of fifteen (1842) he entered the See also:

• SOPHOMORE

sophomore class of See also:

• WILLIAMS
• WILLIAMS, JOHN (1582-1650)
• WILLIAMS, JOHN (1796-1839)
• WILLIAMS, ROGER (c. 1604–1684)
• WILLIAMS, ROWLAND (1817-1870)
• WILLIAMS, SIR WILLIAM FENWICK

Williams See also:

• COLLEGE (Collegium)

College (at See also:

• WILLIAMSTOWN

Williamstown,Mass.), where he graduated three years later with the highest honours . His See also:

• ATTENTION (from Lat. ad-tendo, await, expect; the condition of being " stretched " or " tense ")

attention was at first directed to natural See also:

• SCIENCE (Lat. scientia, from scire; to learn, know)

science, and his See also:

• INTEREST

interest in it always remained keen, and his knowledge of its principles and methods exerted a See also:

• NOTICE

notice-able See also:

• INFLUENCE (Late Lat. influentia, from influere, to flow in)

influence upon his philological See also:

• WORK

work . In the summer of 1849 he had See also:

• CHARGE
• CHARGE (through the Fr. from the Late Lat. carricare, to load in a carrus or wagon; cf. " cargo ")

charge of the See also:

• BOTANY (from Gr. l3or6v17, plant; ,66vicety, to graze)

botany, the barometrical observations and the accounts of the See also:

• UNITED

United States survey of the See also:

• LAKE
• LAKE, GERARD LAKE, 1ST VISCOUNT (1744-1808)

Lake See also:

• SUPERIOR

Superior region conducted by his See also:

• BROTHER

brother, Josiah D . Whitney, and in the summer of 1873 assisted in the See also:

• GEOGRAPHICAL

geographical work of the See also:

• HAYDEN, FERDINAND VANDEVEER (1829–1887)

Hayden expedition in See also:

• COLORADO

Colorado . His interest in the study of See also:

• SANSKRIT

Sanskrit was first awakened in 1848, and he at once devoted himself with See also:

• ENTHUSIASM

enthusiasm to this at that See also:

• TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
• TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
• TIME, STANDARD

time little-explored See also:

• FIELD (a word common to many West German languages, cf. Ger. Feld, Dutch veld, possibly cognate with O.E. f olde, the earth, and ultimately with root of the Gr. irAaror, broad)
• FIELD, CYRUS WEST (1819-1892)
• FIELD, DAVID DUDLEY (18o5-1894)
• FIELD, EUGENE (1850-1895)
• FIELD, FREDERICK (18o1—1885)
• FIELD, HENRY MARTYN (1822-1907)
• FIELD, JOHN (1782—1837)
• FIELD, MARSHALL (183 1906)
• FIELD, NATHAN (1587—1633)
• FIELD, STEPHEN JOHNSON (1816-1899)
• FIELD, WILLIAM VENTRIS FIELD, BARON (1813-1907)

field of philological labour . After a brief course at Yale with See also:

• PROFESSOR (the Latin noun formed from the verb profiteri, to declare publicly, to acknowledge, profess)

Professor See also:

• EDWARD

Edward Elbridge See also:

• SALISBURY
• SALISBURY, EARLS OF
• SALISBURY, ROBERT ARTHUR TALBOT GASCOYNECECIL, 3RD MARQUESS OF (1830-1903)
• SALISBURY, ROBERT CECIL, 1ST EARL OF (c. 1565-1612)
• SALISBURY, THOMAS DE MONTACUTE, 4TH EARL OF (1388-1428)
• SALISBURY, WILLIAM LONGSWORD (or LONGESPEE), EARL OF (d. 1226)

Salisbury (1814–1901), then the only trained Orientalist in the United States, Whitney went to See also:

• GERMANY
• GERMANY (Ger. Deutschland)

Germany (185o) and studied for three years at See also:

• BERLIN
• BERLIN, CONGRESS AND TREATY OF
• BERLIN, ISAIAH (1725–1799)

Berlin, under See also:

• WEBER, CARL MARIA FRIEDRICH ERNEST VON (1786–1826)
• WEBER, WILHELM EDUARD (1804-1891)

Weber, See also:

• BOPP, FRANZ (1791-1867)

Bopp and See also:

• LEPSIUS, KARL RICHARD (1810–1884)

Lepsius, and at See also:

• TUBINGEN

Tubingen (two summer semesters) under See also:

• ROTH, JUSTUS LUDWIG ADOLF (1818-1892)

Roth, returning to the United States in 1853 . In the following See also:

• YEAR

year he was appointed professor of Sanskrit in Yale, and in 1869 also of See also:

• COMPARATIVE

comparative See also:

• PHILOLOGY

philology . He also gave instruction in See also:

• FRENCH
• FRENCH, DANIEL CHESTER (1850– )
• FRENCH, NICHOLAS (1604-1678)

French and See also:

• GERMAN
• GERMAN, DUTCH AND SCANDINAVIAN

German in the college until 1867, and in the See also:

• SHEFFIELD
• SHEFFIELD, JOHN BAKER HOLROYD, 1ST EARL

Sheffield scientific school until 1886 .

An urgent See also:

• CALL (from Anglo-Saxon ceallian, a common Teutonic word, cf. Dutch kallen, to talk or chatter)

call to a professorship at Harvard was declined in 1869 . The importance of his contributions to science was See also:

• EARLY
• EARLY, JUBAL ANDERSON (1816-1894)

early and widely recognized . He was elected to membership in numerous learned See also:

• SOCIETIES, LEARNED

societies in all parts of the See also:

• WORLD

world, and received many honorary degrees, the most notable testimonial to his fame being his See also:

• ELECTION
• ELECTION (from Lat. eligere, to pick out)

election on the 31st of May 1881, as See also:

• FOREIGN

foreign See also:

• KNIGHT, CHARLES (1791-1873)
• KNIGHT, DANIEL RIDGWAY (1845– )
• KNIGHT, JOHN BUXTON (1843–1908)

knight of the Prussian See also:

• ORDER
• ORDER (through Fr. ordre, for earlier ordene, from Lat. ordo, ordinis, rank, service, arrangement; the ultimate source is generally taken to be the root seen in Lat. oriri, rise, arise, begin; cf. " origin ")
• ORDER, HOLY

order pour le merile for science and arts to fill the vacancy caused by the See also:

• DEATH

death of See also:

• CARLYLE, ALEXANDER (1722-1805)
• CARLYLE, JOSEPH DACRE (1759-18o4)
• CARLYLE, THOMAS (1795-1881)

Carlyle . In 187o he received from the Berlin See also:

• ACADEMY, GREEK
• ACADEMY, ROYAL

Academy of Sciences the first Bopp See also:

• PRIZE, or PRIZE OF WAR (Fr. prise, from prendre, to take)

prize for the most important contribution to Sanskrit philology during the preceding three years—his edition of the Taittiriya-Praticakhya (See also:

• JOURNAL
• JOURNAL (through Fr. from late Lat. diurnalis, daily)

Journal of the American See also:

• ORIENTAL

Oriental Society, vol. ix.) . He died at New Haven, See also:

• CONNECTICUT

Connecticut, on the 7th of See also:

• JUNE

June 1894 . As a philologist Whitney is noted especially for his work in Sanskrit, which placed him among the first scholars of his time . He edited (1855–1856), with Professor Roth, the Atharva-Veda-Sanhita; published (1862) with a See also:

• TRANSLATION

translation and notes the Atharva-Veda-Praticakhya; made important contributions to the See also:

• GREAT

great See also:

• PETERSBURG

Petersburg See also:

• LEXICON

lexicon; issued an See also:

• INDEX

index verborum to the published See also:

• TEXT (Lat. textum, woven fabric, from texere, to weave)

text of the Atharva-Veda (Journal of the American Oriental Society, 1881); made a translation of the Atharva-Veda, books i.-xix., with a See also:

• CRITICAL (in alphabetical order of authors)

critical commentary, which he did not live to publish (edited by See also:

• LANMAN, CHARLES ROCKWELL (1850- )

Lanman, 1905); and published a large number of See also:

• SPECIAL

special articles upon various points of Sanskrit philology . His most notable achievement in this field, however, is his Sanskrit See also:

• GRAMMAR (from Lat. grammatica, sc. ars; Gr. ypaµ)

Grammar (1879), a work which, as Professor Delbriick has said, not only is " the best text-See also:

• BOOK

book of Sanskrit which we possess," but also places its author, as a scientific grammarian, on the same level with such writers as See also:

• MADVIG, JOHAN NICOLAI (1804-1886)

Madvig and See also:

• KRUGER, STEPHANUS JOHANNES PAULUS (1825-1904)

Kruger . To the See also:

• GENERAL
• GENERAL (Lat. generalis, of or relating to a genus, kind or class)

general public Whitney is best known through his popular See also:

• WORKS

works on the science of See also:

• LANGUAGE (adapted from the Fr. langage, from langue, tongue, Lat. lingua)

language and his labours as a lexicographer . The former are, perhaps, the most widely read of all See also:

• ENGLISH

English books on the subject, and have merited their popularity through the soundness of the views which they See also:

• PRESENT

present and the lucidity of their See also:

• STYLE
• STYLE (from Gr. a-6'1ms, a column; a different word from that used in literature, see below)

style.' His most important service to lexicography was his guidance, as editor-in-See also:

• CHIEF (from Fr. chef, head, Lat. caput)

chief, of the work on The See also:

• CENTURY (from Lat. centuria, a division of a hundred men)

Century See also:

• DICTIONARY

Dictionary (1889–1891) . Apart from the permanent value of his contributions to philology, Whitney is notable for the great and stimulating influence which he exerted throughout his See also:

• LIFE

life upon the development of American scholarship . The See also:

• CHRONOLOGICAL

chronological bibliography of Whitney's writings appended to vol. xix .

(first See also:

• HALF

half) of the Journal of the American Oriental Society, issued in May 1897, contains 36o See also:

• NUMBERS, BOOK OF
• NUMBERS, PARTITION OF

numbers . Of these the most important, in addition to those mentioned above, are: Translation of the Suryasiddhanta, a Text-book of See also:

• HINDU

Hindu See also:

• ASTRONOMY (from Gr. &arpov, a star, and v ,usiv, to classify or arrange)

Astronomy (Jour . Am . Oriental See also:

• SOC

Soc., vol. vi., 186o); Language and the Study of Language (1867) ; A Compendious German Grammar (1869) ; Oriental and Linguistic Studies (1873; second See also:

• SERIES (a Latin word from serere, to join)

series, 1874); The Life and Growth of Language (1875); Essentials of English Grammar (1877); A Compendious German and English Dictionary (1877); A See also:

• PRACTICAL

Practical French Grammar (1886); Max See also:

• MULLER, FERDINAND VON, BARON (1825–1896)
• MULLER, FRIEDRICH (1749-1825)
• MULLER, GEORGE (1805-1898)
• MULLER, JOHANNES PETER (18o1-1858)
• MULLER, JOHANNES VON (1752-1809)
• MULLER, JULIUS (18oi-1878)
• MULLER, KARL OTFRIED (1797-1840)
• MULLER, LUCIAN (1836-1898)
• MULLER, WILHELM (1794-1827)
• MULLER, WILLIAM JAMES (1812-1845)

Muller and the Science oct' Language (1892) . B . E .