See also:

• WHITSUNDAY, or PENTECOST (Lat. Pentecoste, Gr. 7revr?p oa'Til sc. iyipa, Fr. Pentecote, Ger. Pfingsten, fr. O. H. Ger. fimfchustin)

WHITSUNDAY, or See also:

• PENTECOST

PENTECOST (See also:

• LAT

Lat. Pentecoste, Gr. 7revr?p oa'Til sc. iyipa, Fr. Pentecote, Ger. Pfingsten, fr. O. H. Ger. fimfchustin)  , one of the See also:

• PRINCIPAL

principal feasts of the See also:

• CHRISTIAN
• CHRISTIAN, WILLIAM (1608-1663)

Christian See also:

• CHURCH
• CHURCH (according to most authorities derived from the Gr. Kvpcaxov [&wµa], " the Lord's [house]," and common to many Teutonic, Slavonic and other languages under various forms—Scottish kirk, Ger. Kirche, Swed. kirka, Dan. kirke, Russ. tserkov, Buig. cerk
• CHURCH, FREDERICK EDWIN (1826-1900)
• CHURCH, GEORGE EARL (1835–1910)
• CHURCH, RICHARD WILLIAM (1815–189o)
• CHURCH, SIR RICHARD (1784–1873)

Church, celebrated on the fiftieth (7EVT17KOVTil) See also:

• DAY (O. Eng. dreg, Ger. Tag; according to the New English Dictionary, " in no way related to the Lat. dies")
• DAY, JOHN (1574-1640?)
• DAY, THOMAS (1748-1789)

day after See also:

• EASTER

Easter to commemorate the descent of the See also:

• HOLY

Holy Spirit on the disciples . The day became one of the three baptismal seasons, and the name See also:

• WHITSUNDAY, or PENTECOST (Lat. Pentecoste, Gr. 7revr?p oa'Til sc. iyipa, Fr. Pentecote, Ger. Pfingsten, fr. O. H. Ger. fimfchustin)

Whitsunday is now generally attributed to the See also:

• WHITE
• WHITE, ANDREW DICKSON (1832– )
• WHITE, GILBERT (1720–1793)
• WHITE, HENRY KIRKE (1785-1806)
• WHITE, HUGH LAWSON (1773-1840)
• WHITE, JOSEPH BLANCO (1775-1841)
• WHITE, RICHARD GRANT (1822-1885)
• WHITE, ROBERT (1645-1704)
• WHITE, SIR GEORGE STUART (1835– )
• WHITE, SIR THOMAS (1492-1567)
• WHITE, SIR WILLIAM ARTHUR (1824--1891)
• WHITE, SIR WILLIAM HENRY (1845– )
• WHITE, THOMAS (1628-1698)
• WHITE, THOMAS (c. 1550-1624)

white garments formerly worn by the candidates for See also:

• BAPTISM

baptism on this feast, as in the See also:

• CASE
• CASE, JOHN (d. 1600)

case of the See also:

• DOMINICA

Dominica in albis . The festival is the third in importance of the See also:

• GREAT

great feasts of the Church and the last of the See also:

• ANNUAL

annual See also:

• CYCLE
• CYCLE (Gr. KUK)^os, a circle)

cycle commemorating the See also:

• LORD
• LORD (O. Eng. hldford, i.e. hldfweard, the warder or keeper of bread, hlIf, loaf; the word is not represented in any other Teutonic language)
• LORD, JOHN (1810-1894)

Lord . It is connected with the Jewish See also:

• PENTECOST

Pentecost (q.v.), not only in the See also:

• HISTORICAL

historical date of its origin (see Acts vii.), but in See also:

• IDEA (Gr. Ibia, connected with i&eiv, to see; cf. Lat. species from specere, to look at)

idea; the Jewish festival is one of thanks for the first-fruits of the See also:

• EARTH
• EARTH (a word common to Teutonic languages, cf. Ger. Erde, Dutch aarde, Swed. and Dan. jord; outside Teutonic it appears only in the Gr. 'pq'e, on the ground; it has been connected by some etymologists with the Aryan root ar-, to plough, which is seen in
• EARTH, FIGURE OF
• EARTH, FIGURE OF THE

earth, the Christian for the first-fruits of the Spirit . In the See also:

• EARLY
• EARLY, JUBAL ANDERSON (1816-1894)

early Church the name of Pentecost was given to the whole fifty days between Easter and Whitsunday, which were celebrated as a See also:

• PERIOD
• PERIOD (Gr. irepioSos, a going or way round, circuit, aepi, round, and &Sis, way, road)

period of rejoicing (See also:

• TERTULLIAN (c. 155-c. 222)

Tertullian, De idolatr . C . 12, De bapt . 19, De See also:

• CAR (Late Lat. carra)

car. milit . 3, Apost . Canons, c . 37, Canons of See also:

• ANTIOCH

Antioch, 30) . In the narrower sense, as the designation of the fiftieth day of this period, the word Pentecost occurs for the first See also:

• TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
• TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
• TIME, STANDARD

time in a See also:

• CANON

canon of the See also:

• COUNCIL (Lat. concilium, from cum, together, and the root cal, to call)

council of See also:

• ELVIRA, SYNOD OF

Elvira (305), which denounces as an heretical abuse the tendency to celebrate the 4oth day (See also:

• ASCENSION
• ASCENSION, FEAST OF THE

Ascension) instead of the 5oth, and adds: " juxta auctoritatem scripturarum cuncti diem Pentecostis celebremus." There is plentiful See also:

• EVIDENCE (Lat. evidentia, evideri, to appear clearly)

evidence that the festival was regarded very early as one of the great feasts; See also:

• GREGORY
• GREGORY (Gregorius)
• GREGORY (Grigorii) GRIGORIEVICH ORLOV, COUNT (1734-1783)
• GREGORY, EDWARD JOHN (1850-19o9)
• GREGORY, OLINTHUS GILBERT (1774—1841)
• GREGORY, ST (c. 213-C. 270)
• GREGORY, ST, OF NAZIANZUS (329–389)
• GREGORY, ST, OF NYSSA (c.331—c. 396)
• GREGORY, ST, OF TOURS (538-594)

Gregory Nazianzen (Oral. xliv .

De Pentec.) calls it the " day of the Spirit " (i'ii*a Tou lIvei sc ror), and in 385 the Peregrinatio Silviae (see See also:

• DUCHESNE, LOUIS MARIE OLIVIER (1843– )

Duchesne, Origines, App.) describes its elaborate celebration at See also:

• JERUSALEM (Heb. ^S0-r, Yerushalaim, pronounced as a dual)
• JERUSALEM, SYNOD OF (1672)

Jerusalem . The See also:

• CODE (Lat. codex)

code of See also:

• THEODOSIUS

Theodosius (xv . 5, De spectaculis) forbade theatrical performances and the See also:

• GAMES, CLASSICAL

games of the See also:

• CIRCUS (Lat. circus, Gr. Kipeos or Kptxot, a ring or' circle; probably " circus " and " ring " are of the same origin)

circus during the feast . The See also:

• CUSTOM (from O. Fr. costume, costume or coustume; Low Lat. costuma, a shortened form of consuetudo)

custom of hallowing the days immediately surrounding the festival is comparatively See also:

• LATE

late . Thus, among others, the See also:

• SYNOD
• SYNOD (Gr. vbvobos)

synod of See also:

• MAINZ (Fr. Mayence)

Mainz in 813 ordered the celebration of an See also:

• OCTAVE (from Lat. octavus, eighth, octo, eight)

octave similar to that at Easter . The custom of celebrating the See also:

• VIGIL (Lat. vigilia, "watch ")

vigil by See also:

• FASTING (from " fast," derived from old Teutonic fastejan; synonyms being the Gr. vnorebety, late Lat. jejunare)

fasting had already been introduced . The duration of the festival was, however, ultimately fixed at three days . In the Church of See also:

• ENGLAND
• ENGLAND, THE CHURCH OF

England this is still the See also:

• RULE

rule (there are See also:

• SPECIAL

special collects, gospels and epistles for See also:

• MONDAY (in O.E. Monandaeg, the moon's day, a translation of the Late Lat. Lunae dies, from which the French lundi is taken)

Monday and Tuesday in Whitsun See also:

• WEEK (from A.S. wicu, Germanic *wikon, probably=change, turn)

week); in the Lutheran churches two days only are observed . In the See also:

• MIDDLE

middle ages the Whitsun services were marked by many curious customs . Among. these described by Durandus (Rationale div. off. vi . 107) are the letting down of a See also:

• DOVE
• DOVE (Dutch duyve, Dan. due, Ice. dufa, Ger. Taube)

dove from the roof into the church, the dropping of balls of See also:

• FIRE (in O. Eng. f j'r; the word is common to West German languages, cf. Dutch vuur, Ger. Feuer; the pre-Teutonic form is seen in Sanskrit pu, pavaka, and Gr. irup; the ultimate origin is usually taken to be a root meaning to purify, cf. Lat. purus)

fire, See also:

• ROSE
• ROSE (Rosa)
• ROSE, GEORGE (1744-1818)
• ROSE, HUGH JAMES (1795—1838)
• ROSE, WILLIAM STEWART (1775-1843)

rose-leaves and the like . Whitsun is one of the Scottish See also:

• QUARTER (through Fr. from Lat. quartarius, fourth part)

quarter-days, and though the Church festival is movable, the legal date was fixed for the 15th of May by an See also:

• ACT (Lat. actus, actum)

act of 1693 .

Whitmonday, which, with the See also:

• SUNDAY

Sunday itself, was the occasion for the greatest of all the See also:

• MEDIEVAL

medieval church See also:

• ALES (ALEsIus), ALEXANDER (1500-1565)

ales, was made an See also:

• ENGLISH

English See also:

• BANK

Bank See also:

• HOLIDAY

Holiday by an act passed on the 25th of May 1871 . See Duchesne, Origines du culte Chretien (1889); W . See also:

• SMITH
• SMITH, ADAM (1723–1790)
• SMITH, ALEXANDER (183o-1867)
• SMITH, ANDREW JACKSON (1815-1897)
• SMITH, CHARLES EMORY (1842–1908)
• SMITH, CHARLES FERGUSON (1807–1862)
• SMITH, CHARLOTTE (1749-1806)
• SMITH, COLVIN (1795—1875)
• SMITH, EDMUND KIRBY (1824-1893)
• SMITH, G
• SMITH, GEORGE (1789-1846)
• SMITH, GEORGE (184o-1876)
• SMITH, GEORGE ADAM (1856- )
• SMITH, GERRIT (1797–1874)
• SMITH, GOLDWIN (1823-191o)
• SMITH, HENRY BOYNTON (1815-1877)
• SMITH, HENRY JOHN STEPHEN (1826-1883)
• SMITH, HENRY PRESERVED (1847– )
• SMITH, JAMES (1775–1839)
• SMITH, JOHN (1579-1631)
• SMITH, JOHN RAPHAEL (1752–1812)
• SMITH, JOSEPH, JR
• SMITH, MORGAN LEWIS (1822–1874)
• SMITH, RICHARD BAIRD (1818-1861)
• SMITH, ROBERT (1689-1768)
• SMITH, SIR HENRY GEORGE WAKELYN
• SMITH, SIR THOMAS (1513-1577)
• SMITH, SIR WILLIAM (1813-1893)
• SMITH, SIR WILLIAM SIDNEY (1764-1840)
• SMITH, SYDNEY (1771-1845)
• SMITH, THOMAS SOUTHWOOD (1788-1861)
• SMITH, WILLIAM (1769-1839)
• SMITH, WILLIAM (c. 1730-1819)
• SMITH, WILLIAM (fl. 1596)
• SMITH, WILLIAM FARRAR (1824—1903)
• SMITH, WILLIAM HENRY (1808—1872)
• SMITH, WILLIAM HENRY (1825—1891)
• SMITH, WILLIAM ROBERTSON (1846-'894)

Smith and Cheetham, Dic. of Christian Antiquities (1874–188o) ; See also:

• HERZOG, HANS (1819–1894)
• HERZOG, JOHANN JAKOB (1805-1882)

Herzog-Hauck, 28 Reaiencyklopadie (1904), xv . 254, S.V . " Pfingsten." For the many superstitions and observances of the day see P . H . Ditch-See also:

• FIELD (a word common to many West German languages, cf. Ger. Feld, Dutch veld, possibly cognate with O.E. f olde, the earth, and ultimately with root of the Gr. irAaror, broad)
• FIELD, CYRUS WEST (1819-1892)
• FIELD, DAVID DUDLEY (18o5-1894)
• FIELD, EUGENE (1850-1895)
• FIELD, FREDERICK (18o1—1885)
• FIELD, HENRY MARTYN (1822-1907)
• FIELD, JOHN (1782—1837)
• FIELD, MARSHALL (183 1906)
• FIELD, NATHAN (1587—1633)
• FIELD, STEPHEN JOHNSON (1816-1899)
• FIELD, WILLIAM VENTRIS FIELD, BARON (1813-1907)

field, Old English Customs (1897); See also:

• BRAND, JOHN (1744-1806)
• BRAND, SIR JOHN HENRY (1823-1888)

Brand, Antiquities of Great See also:

• BRITAIN (Gr. Hperavuml vi7vot, Bperravia; Lat. Britannia, rarely Britannia)

Britain (See also:

• HAZLITT, WILLIAM (1778-1830)

Hazlitt's edit., 1905) ; B . Picart, Ceremonies et coutumes religieuses de taus ies peuples (1723) .