ISLE OF See also:

• ISLE OF WIGHT

WIGHT  , an See also:

• ISLAND (O.E. ieg =isle, +land')

island off the See also:

• SOUTH
• SOUTH, ROBERT (1634–1716)

south See also:

• COAST (from Lat. costa, a rib, side)

coast of See also:

• ENGLAND
• ENGLAND, THE CHURCH OF

England, forming See also:

• PART

part of See also:

• HAMPSHIRE (or COUNTY OF SOUTHAMPTON, abbreviated HANTS)

Hampshire, separated from the mainland by the See also:

• SOLENT, THE

Solent and Spithead . It is of See also:

• DIAMOND

diamond shape, measuring 222 M. from E. to W. and 134 from N. to S . (extremes) . The See also:

• AREA

area is 147 sq. m . The south coast is for the most part cliff-See also:

• BOUND, or BOUNDARY (from O. Fr. bonde, Med. Lat. bodena or butina, a frontier line)

bound and See also:

• GRAND

grand, and there is much quietly beautiful scenery both inland and along the See also:

• NORTHERN

northern shores . Although See also:

• EAST
• EAST, ALFRED (1849- )

east winds are at times prevalent in See also:

• WINTER, JOHN STRANGE
• WINTER, PETER (c. 1755-1825)

winter and See also:

• SPRING (from " to spring," " to leap or jump up," " burst out," O. Eng., springau, a common Teut. word, cf. Ger. springer, possibly allied to Gr. QnrFpxecOac, to move rapidly)

spring, and summer heats may be excessive, the See also:

• CLIMATE

climate, especially in certain favoured spots, is mild and healthy . As a result numerous watering-places have grown up on the coasts . A range of high See also:

• CHALK

chalk See also:

• DOWNS

downs crosses the island from east to See also:

• WEST
• WEST, BENJAMIN (1738-1820)
• WEST, NICHOLAS (1461-1533)

west, terminating seaward in the Culver cliffs and the cliffs near See also:

• FRESHWATER

Freshwater respectively . It is breached eastward by the Yar stream flowing N.E., in the centre by the See also:

• MEDINA
• MEDINA, JOSE TORIBIO (1852- )

Medina, the See also:

• PRINCIPAL

principal stream in the island, flowing N., and by another Yar, flowing N., in the extreme west . These downs reach a height over 700 ft. west of the Medina, but east of it do not greatly exceed 400 ft . The slope northward is See also:

• GRADUAL (Med. Lat. gradualis, of or belonging to steps or degrees; gradus, step)

gradual . The See also:

• NORTH
• NORTH, BARONS
• NORTH, MARIANNE (1830—1890)
• NORTH, ROGER (1653-1734)
• NORTH, SIR THOMAS (1535?-16o1?)

north-west and north-east coasts, overlooking the Solent and Spithead respectively, rise sharply, but hardly ever assume the cliff See also:

• FORM (Lat. forma)

form; they are beautifully wooded, and broken by many picturesque estuaries, such as those of the western Yar and See also:

• NEWTOWN
• NEWTOWN (Welsh Drefnewydd, with the same meaning, formerly Llanfair Cedewain)

Newtown on the north-west, the Medina opening northward opposite See also:

• SOUTHAMPTON
• SOUTHAMPTON, EARL OF
• SOUTHAMPTON, HENRY WRIOTHESLEY, 3RD EARL OF (1J73—1624)

Southampton See also:

• WATER

Water, and Wootton See also:

• CREEK
• CREEK (Mid. Eng. crike or creke, common to many N. European languages)

Creek and the mouth of the eastern Yar on the north-east .

The streams mentioned rise very near the south coast; the western Yar, indeed, so See also:

• CLOSE
• CLOSE (from Lat. clausum, shut)
• CLOSE, MAXWELL HENRY (1822-1903)

close to it that the high See also:

• LAND

land west of the stream is nearly insulated . A second range of downs in the extreme south, between St See also:

• CATHERINE
• CATHERINE, SAINT

Catherine's Point and Dunnose, reaches the greatest See also:

• ELEVATION

elevation in the island, exceeding Boo It. in St Catherine's See also:

• HILL
• HILL (0. Eng. hyll; cf. Low Ger. hull, Mid. Dutch hul, allied to Lat. celsus, high, collis, hill, &c.)
• HILL, A
• HILL, AARON (1685-175o)
• HILL, AMBROSE POWELL
• HILL, DANIEL HARVEY (1821-1889)
• HILL, DAVID BENNETT (1843–1910)
• HILL, GEORGE BIRKBECK NORMAN (1835-1903)
• HILL, JAMES J
• HILL, JOHN (c. 1716-1775)
• HILL, MATTHEW DAVENPORT (1792-1872)
• HILL, OCTAVIA (1838– )
• HILL, ROWLAND (1744–1833)
• HILL, SIR ROWLAND (1795-1879)

Hill . Below these heights on the seaward See also:

• SIDE
• SIDE (mod. Eski Adalia)

side occurs the remarkable See also:

• TRACT (from Lat. tractare, to treat of a matter, through Provencal tractat and Ital. trattato)

tract known as the Undercliff, a See also:

• KIND (O. E. ge-cynde, from the same root as is seen in " kin," supra)

kind of See also:

• TERRACE (Fr. terrace, terrasse, from It. terraccia, terrazzo, Lat. terra, earth)

terrace formed by the collapse of rocks overlying soft strata (See also:

• SAND
• SAND, GEORGE (1804-1876)

sand and See also:

• CLAY (from O. Eng. claeg, a word common in various forms to Teutonic languages, cf. Ger. Klei)
• CLAY, CASSIUS MARCELLUS (1810-1903)
• CLAY, CHARLES (1801–1893)
• CLAY, FREDERIC (1838–1889)
• CLAY, HENRY (1777–1852)

clay) which have been undermined . The upper cliffs shelter this terrace from the north winds; the climate is remarkably mild, and many delicate See also:

• PLANTS

plants flourish luxuriantly . This part of the island especially affords a winter resort for sufferers from pulmonary complaints . Along the south coast the See also:

• ACTION

action of small streams on the soft rocks has hollowed out steep gullies or ravines, known as chines . Many of these, though small, are of See also:

• GREAT

great beauty; the most famous are See also:

• SHANKLIN

Shanklin and Blackgang chines . The western See also:

• PENINSULA
• PENINSULA (Lat. paeninsula, from paene, almost, and insula, an island)

peninsula shows perhaps the finest development of See also:

• SEA (in O. Eng. sae, a common Teutonic word; cf. Ger. See, Dutch Zee, &c.; the ultimate source is uncertain)
• SEA, COMMAND OF THE

sea-cliffs . Off the westernmost promontory rise three detached masses of chalk, about See also:

• LOO (formerly called " Lanterloo," Fr. lanturlu, the refrain of a popular 17th-century song)

loo ft. in height, known as the Needles, exposed to the full strength of the south-See also:

• WESTERLY

westerly See also:

• GALES (mod. Calvi)

gales See also:

• DRIVING (from " to drive," i.e. generally to propel, force along or in, a word common in various forms to the Teutonic languages)

driving up the Channel . During a See also:

• STORM (in O. Eng..storm, and so in Du. and Low Ger.; in O. H. Ger. and mod. Ger. Sturm; the root is probably that seen in " stir," to rouse, move, disturb, cf. Ger. storen)
• STORM, THEODOR WOLDSEN (1817-1888)

storm in 1764 a See also:

• FOURTH

fourth See also:

• SPIRE

spire was undermined and See also:

• FELL
• FELL, JOHN (1625-1686)

fell . See also:

• GEOLOGY (from Gr. yp7, the earth, and Abyor, science)

Geology.—The geology of the island possesses many features of See also:

• INTEREST

interest . Its form has been determined by the, See also:

• SIMPLE

simple monoclinal See also:

• FOLD

fold which has thrown up the Chalk with a high northward See also:

• DIP (Old Eng. dyppan, connected with the common Teutonic root seen in " deep ")

dip, so that it now exists as a narrow See also:

• RIDGE (a word. common to many Teutonic languages, meaning " back," whether of a man or an animal, cf. German Rucke)
• RIDGE, WILLIAM PETT (1864- )

ridge See also:

• RUNNING

running from the Needles east-See also:

• WARD
• WARD, ADOLPHUS WILLIAM (1837- )
• WARD, ARTEMUS
• WARD, EDWARD MATTHEW (1816-1879)
• WARD, ELIZABETH STUART PHELPS (1844-1911)
• WARD, JAMES (1769--1859)
• WARD, JAMES (1843– )
• WARD, JOHN QUINCY ADAMS (1830-1910)
• WARD, LESTER FRANK (1841– )
• WARD, MARY AUGUSTA [MRS HUMPHRY WARD]
• WARD, WILLIAM (1766-1826)
• WARD, WILLIAM GEORGE (1812-1882)

ward to Culver Cliffs .

Owing to a kink in the fold the ridge expands somewhat south of See also:

• CARISBROOKE

Carisbrooke . On the north side of the ridge the Chalk dips beneath the See also:

• TERTIARIES (Lat. tertiarii, from tertius, third)

Tertiaries of the Hampshire See also:

• BASIN, or BASON (the older form bacin is found in many of the Romanic languages, from the Late Lat. baccinus or bacchinus, probably derived from bacca, a bowl)
• BASIN, THOMAS (1412—1491)

Basin . Immediately north of the Chalk the See also:

• LOWER

Lower See also:

• EOCENE (Gr. *In, dawn, icauvos, recent)

Eocene, See also:

• READING

Reading beds and See also:

• LONDON

London Clay form a narrow parallel See also:

• STRIP

strip, followed by a similar strip of Upper Eocene, Bracklesham and Bagshot beds . The remaining northern portion of the island is occupied by fluvio-marine Oligocene strata, including the Headon, See also:

• OSBORNE

Osborne, Bembridge and Hamstead beds . The various See also:

• TERTIARY

Tertiary formations are exhibited along the north coast, and may also be studied to great See also:

• ADVANTAGE

advantage in See also:

• WHITE
• WHITE, ANDREW DICKSON (1832– )
• WHITE, GILBERT (1720–1793)
• WHITE, HENRY KIRKE (1785-1806)
• WHITE, HUGH LAWSON (1773-1840)
• WHITE, JOSEPH BLANCO (1775-1841)
• WHITE, RICHARD GRANT (1822-1885)
• WHITE, ROBERT (1645-1704)
• WHITE, SIR GEORGE STUART (1835– )
• WHITE, SIR THOMAS (1492-1567)
• WHITE, SIR WILLIAM ARTHUR (1824--1891)
• WHITE, SIR WILLIAM HENRY (1845– )
• WHITE, THOMAS (1628-1698)
• WHITE, THOMAS (c. 1550-1624)

White Cliff and See also:

• ALUM

Alum Bays . In Alum See also:

• BAY

Bay the See also:

• VERTICAL (from Lat. vertex, highest point)

vertical disposition of the strata is well shown, and the highly-coloured Bagshot sands and See also:

• CLAYS, PAUL JEAN (1819-1900)

clays form a conspicuous feature . From the excellent coast sections many fossils may be obtained . South of the Chalk ridge that See also:

• ROCK
• ROCK (O.Fr. rake, Sp. rota, Ital. rocca; possibly from a Lat. form rupica, from rupes, rock)
• ROCK, DANIEL (1799–187t)

rock has been completely removed by denudation so as to expose the underlying Upper See also:

• GREENSAND

Greensand, which has slipped in many places over the underlying See also:

• GAULT

Gault (locally called " See also:

• BLUE (common in different forms to most European languages)

blue slipper "), forming picturesque landslips . The Lower Greensand formation may best he studied in the cliff See also:

• SECTION
• SECTION (Lat. sectio, cutting, secare, to cut)

section from Atherfield Point to Rocken End, and in the chines of Shanklin and Blackgang . Beneath the Greensand the See also:

• WEALDEN

Wealden is exposed in the section from See also:

• BROOK

Brook to Atherfield, and also, to a much less extent, in See also:

• SANDOWN

Sandown Bay . The Wealden strata have yielded abundant fossil remains of See also:

• EXTINCT

extinct See also:

• REPTILES (Lat. Reptilia, creeping things, from reptilis; ref ere, to creep; Gr. Ep7rety, whence the term " herpetology," for the science dealing with them)

reptiles (See also:

• IGUANODON

Iguanodon), especially in the neighbourhood of Brook and Cowleaze Chines; and at Brook Point an extensive fossil See also:

• FOREST

forest exists, being the remains of a great raft of See also:

• TIMBER

timber floated down and deposited in estuarine mud at the mouth of a great See also:

• RIVER

river . At Brook also the characteristic Wealden mollusk, Unto valdensis, occurs abundantly .

Towns, &c.--See also:

• NEWPORT

Newport at the See also:

• HEAD (in 0. Eng. heafad; the word is common to Teutonic languages; cf. Dutch hoofd, Ger. Haupt, generally taken to be in origin connected with Lat. caput, Gr. KerbOvi7)
• HEAD, SIR EDMUND WALKER, BART
• HEAD, SIR FRANCIS BOND, BART

head of the Medina See also:

• ESTUARY (from the Lat. aestuarium, a place reached by aestus, the tide)

estuary is the See also:

• CHIEF (from Fr. chef, head, Lat. caput)

chief See also:

• TOWN

town; See also:

• COWES

Cowes at the mouth the chief See also:

• PORT

port . The principal resorts of visitors are Cowes (the headquarters of the Royal Yacht See also:

• SQUADRON

Squadron) ; See also:

• RYDE

Ryde on the north-east coast; Sandown, Shanklin and See also:

• VENTNOR

Ventnor on the south-east; Freshwater See also:

• GATE

Gate on the south-west, and See also:

• YARMOUTH
• YARMOUTH (GREAT YARMOUTH)

Yarmouth on the Solent . Others are Totland Bay near the mouth of the Solent, See also:

• GURNARD (Trigla)

Gurnard near Cowes, and Seaview and Bembridge south of Ryde . The principal lines of communication with the mainland are between Cowes and Southampton, Ryde and See also:

• PORTSMOUTH
• PORTSMOUTH, EARLS OF
• PORTSMOUTH, LOUISE DE

Portsmouth, and Yarmouth and See also:

• LYMINGTON

Lymington . Newport is the chief railway centre, lines running N. to Cowes, W. to Yarmouth and Freshwater, S. to Ventnor, with a See also:

• BRANCH (from the Fr. branche, late Lat. branca, an animal's paw)

branch to Sandown, and E. to Ryde . A See also:

• DIRECT

direct See also:

• LINE

line connects Ryde, Sandown, Shanklin and Ventnor, and has a branch to St See also:

• HELEN

Helen's and Bembridge . There are few See also:

• INDUSTRIES

industries in the island . The land is chiefly agricultural, a large proportion being devoted to See also:

• SHEEP
• SHEEP (from the Anglo-Saxon sceap, a word common in various forms to Teutonic languages; e.g. the German Schaf)

sheep-grazing . Fishing is carried on to a considerable extent on the south coast—lobsters, crabs and prawns being plentiful . See also:

• OYSTER

Oyster cultivation has been attempted in the Medina, in Brading See also:

• HARBOUR (from M.E. hereberge, here, an army; cf. Ger. Heer and -beorg, protection or shelter. Other early forms in English were herberwe and haiborow, as seen in various place names, such as Market Harborough.. The French auberge, an inn, derived through

Harbour and in the Newtown river . At Cowes See also:

• SHIPBUILDING

shipbuilding is carried on, and timber is grown for the See also:

• BRITISH

British See also:

• NAVY

navy in a part of the See also:

• ANCIENT
• ANCIENT (also spelt ANTIENT; derived, through the Fr. ancien, old, from the late Lat. antianum, from ante, before)

ancient forest of Parkhurst, between the Medina and the Solent . The See also:

• GENERAL
• GENERAL (Lat. generalis, of or relating to a genus, kind or class)

general See also:

• TRADE (O. Eng. trod, footstep, from tredan, to tread; in M. Eng. the forms teed, trod and trade appear, the last in the sense of a beaten track)
• TRADE, BOARD OF

trade of the island centres at Newport, but in the coast towns the chief occupation of the inhabitants consists in providing for visitors .

The island shares in the defences of the Solent, Spithead and Portsmouth; there are batteries at Puckpool near Ryde, and on the eastern See also:

• FORELAND, NORTH

foreland, and along the west coast between the Needles and Yarmouth . Strong associations connect the Isle of See also:

• WIGHT, ISLE OF

Wight with the British royal See also:

• FAMILY

family . Osborne See also:

• HOUSE
• HOUSE (O. Eng. hiss, a word common to Teutonic languages, cf. Dut. huis, Ger. Haus; in Gothic it is only found in gudhiss, a temple; it may be ultimately connected with the root of " hide," conceal)

House, near Cowes, was a See also:

• RESIDENCE (Latin residere, to remain behind, to dwell, reside)

residence and the See also:

• SCENE (Fr. scene, Lat. scaena, Gr. oflvil, a tent or booth, a stage or scene)

scene of the See also:

• DEATH

death of See also:

• QUEEN
• QUEEN (O.E. cwen, wife, related to "quean," O.E. cwene, a hussy; cf. Gr. yvvi7: from root gan-, to produce; cf. genus, " kin," &c.)

Queen See also:

• VICTORIA
• VICTORIA (or VITTORIA), TOMMASSO LUDOVICO DA (C. I540-C. 1613)
• VICTORIA [ALEXANDRINA VICTORIA]

Victoria, and was presented to the nation by See also:

• KING
• KING (O. Eng. cyning, abbreviated into cyng, cing; cf. O. H. G. chun- kuning, chun- kunig, M.H.G. kiinic, kiinec, kiinc, Mod. Ger. Konig, O. Norse konungr, kongr, Swed. konung, kung)
• KING [OF OCKHAM], PETER KING, 1ST BARON (1669-1734)
• KING, CHARLES WILLIAM (1818-1888)
• KING, CLARENCE (1842–1901)
• KING, EDWARD (1612–1637)
• KING, EDWARD (1829–1910)
• KING, HENRY (1591-1669)
• KING, RUFUS (1755–1827)
• KING, THOMAS (1730–1805)
• KING, WILLIAM (1650-1729)
• KING, WILLIAM (1663–1712)

King See also:

• EDWARD

Edward in 1902 (see COWES) . Princess See also:

• BEATRICE

Beatrice succeeded her See also:

• HUSBAND

husband See also:

• PRINCE
• PRINCE (Lat. princeps, from primus capio, " I am the first to take "; Ital. principe, Fr. prince)

Prince See also:

• HENRY
• HENRY (1129-1195)
• HENRY (c. 1108-1139)
• HENRY (c. 1174–1216)
• HENRY (Fr. Henri; Span. Enrique; Ger. Heinrich; Mid. H. Ger. Heinrich and Heimrich; O.H.G. Haimi- or Heimirih, i.e. " prince, or chief of the house," from O.H.G. heim, the Eng. home, and rih, Goth. reiks; compare Lat. rex " king "—" rich," therefore " mig
• HENRY, EDWARD LAMSON (1841– )
• HENRY, JAMES (1798-1876)
• HENRY, JOSEPH (1797-1878)
• HENRY, MATTHEW (1662-1714)
• HENRY, PATRICK (1736–1799)
• HENRY, PRINCE OF BATTENBERG (1858-1896)
• HENRY, ROBERT (1718-1790)
• HENRY, VICTOR (1850– )
• HENRY, WILLIAM (1795-1836)

Henry of See also:

• BATTENBERG

Battenberg as honorary See also:

• GOVERNOR (from the Fr. gouverneur, from gouverner, O. Fr. governer, Lat. gubernare, to steer a ship, to direct, guide)

governor of the island in 1896 . The island is divided into two liberties, East and West Medina, excluding the boroughs of Newport and Ryde; and it forms one See also:

• PETTY, SIR WILLIAM (1623-1687)

petty and See also:

• SPECIAL

special sessional See also:

• DIVISION (from Lat. dividere, to break up into parts, separate)

division of the See also:

• COUNTY (through Norm. Fr. comae, cf. O. Fr. cunte, conk', Mod. Fr. comae, from Lat. comitatus, cf. Ital. comitato, Prov. comtat; see COUNT)

county . The See also:

• URBAN
• URBAN (Urbanus)

urban districts are Cowes, East Cowes, St Helen's, Sandown, Shanklin and Ventnor . Until 1885 there was one member of See also:

• PARLIAMENT (Anglo-Lat. parliamentum, Fr. parlement, from parler, to speak)

parliament for the island and one for the See also:

• BOROUGH (A.S. nominative burh, dative byrig, which produces some of the place-names ending in bury, a sheltered or fortified place, the camp of refuge of a tribe, the stronghold of a chieftain; cf. Ger. Burg, Fr. bor, bore, bourg)
• BOROUGH [BURROUGH, BURROWE, BORROWS], STEVEN (1525–1584)

borough of Newport; now, however, there is only one member for the whole island . Episcopally the island has for many centuries belonged to the see of See also:

• WINCHESTER
• WINCHESTER, EARLS AND MARQUESSES OF

Winchester . Pop . (1891) 78,672; (1901) 82,418 . See also:

• HISTORY

History.—Among the most interesting See also:

• RELICS (Lat, reliquiae, the equivalent of the English " remains " in the sense of a dead body)

relics of the See also:

• ROMAN

Roman occupation of the Isle of Wight following its See also:

• CONQUEST

conquest by Yespasian in A.D . 43 are the villas at Brading and Carisbrooke, the See also:

• CEMETERY (Gr. Korrsnri7pwv, from Hoiµav, to sleep)

cemetery at Newport, and remains of See also:

• FOUNDATIONS

foundations at Combly See also:

• FARM

Farm, Gurnet, and between See also:

• BRIXTON

Brixton and Calbourne .

Of the See also:

• SETTLEMENT
• SETTLEMENT, ACT OF

settlement of the island by the See also:

• JUTES

Jutes no See also:

• AUTHENTIC (from Gr. aOO 'rns, one who does a thing himself)

authentic details are preserved, but in 661 it was annexed by See also:

• WULFHERE (d. 675)

Wulfhere to Wessex and subsequently bestowed on his See also:

• VASSAL (Fr. vassal, vassaut, vassault, &c,)

vassal, the king of See also:

• SUSSEX
• SUSSEX, EARLS OF
• SUSSEX, KINGDOM OF (SO Seaxe, i.e. the South Saxons)
• SUSSEX, THOMAS RADCLYFFE [or RATCLYFFE], 3RD EARL OF (c. 1525-1583)

Sussex . In 998 it was the headquarters of the Danes, who levied their supplies from the opposite coasts of Hampshire and Sussex . From the 14th to the 16th See also:

• CENTURY (from Lat. centuria, a division of a hundred men)

century the island was continuously under fear of invasion by the See also:

• FRENCH
• FRENCH, DANIEL CHESTER (1850– )
• FRENCH, NICHOLAS (1604-1678)

French, who in 1377 burnt Yarmouth and Francheville (the latter being subsequently rebuiltand known as Newtown), and so devastated Newport that it See also:

• LAY

lay uninhabited for two years . In 1419, on a French force landing in the island and demanding See also:

• TRIBUTE (Lat. tributurn, a stated payment, contribution)

tribute in the name of King See also:

• RICHARD
• RICHARD (d. 1184)
• RICHARD, FRANCOIS MARIE BENJAMIN (18,9-1908)
• RICHARD, HENRY (1812-1888)
• RICHARD, ST

Richard and Queen See also:

• ISABELLA (1451-15o4)
• ISABELLA, ISABEAU

Isabella, the islanders replied that the king was dead and the queen sent See also:

• HOME
• HOME, DANIEL DUNGLAS (1833-1886)
• HOME, EARLS OF

home to her parents without any such See also:

• CONDITION (Lat. condicio, from condicere, to agree upon, arrange; not connected with conditio, from condere, conditum, to put together)

condition of tribute, " but if the Frenchmen's minde were to fight, they willed them to come up, and no See also:

• MAN
• MAN, ISLE OF (anc. Mona)

man should let them for the space of five See also:

• HOURS, CANONICAL

hours, to refresh themselves, but when that See also:

• TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
• TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
• TIME, STANDARD

time was expired they should have battayle given to them "; a proposition prudently declined by the Frenchmen, who returned to their See also:

• SHIPS

ships and sailed home again . A more formidable See also:

• RAID

raid was attempted in 1545 when a French See also:

• FLEET

fleet of 150 large ships, 25 galleys, and 50 smaller vessels See also:

• DREW
• DREW, SAMUEL (1765-1833)

drew up off Brading Harbour, and in spite of the brave See also:

• DEFENCE
• DEFENCE (Lat. defendere, to defend)

defence of the islanders wrought much serious destruction . See also:

• WOLVERTON

Wolverton near Brading having lain a ruined site ever since . As a result of this, the last French invasion, an organized See also:

• SYSTEM

system of defence was planned for the island, and forts were constructed at Cowes, Sandown, Freshwater and Yarmouth . During the See also:

• CIVIL

Civil See also:

• WAR
• WAR (O. Eng. werre, Fr. guerre, of Teutonic origin; cf. O.H.G. werran, to confound)

War of the 17th century the island was almost unanimous in support of the parliament, and Carisbrooke See also:

• CASTLE
• CASTLE (Lat. castellum, a fort, diminutive of castra, a camp; Fr. chateau and chdtel)

Castle was the See also:

• PRISON (derived through the Fr. from the Lat. prehensio, seizure)

prison of See also:

• CHARLES
• CHARLES (1270-1325)
• CHARLES (1421-1461)
• CHARLES (1525-1574)
• CHARLES (c. 1319-1364)
• CHARLES (Fr. Charles; Span. Carlos; Ital. Carlo; Ger. Karl; derived from O.H.G. Charal,latinized as Carolus, meaning originally " man ": cf. Mod.Ger., Kerl," fellow," A.S. ceorl, Mod. Eng. " churl ")
• CHARLES (KARL EITEL ZEPHYRIN LUDWIG; in Rum. CAROL)
• CHARLES [KARL ALEXANDER] (1712-1780)
• CHARLES, ELIZABETH (1828-1896)
• CHARLES, JACQUES ALEXANDRE CESAR (1746-1823)
• CHARLES, THOMAS (1755-1814)

Charles I. from 1647 to 1648, and in 165o of his two See also:

• CHILDREN, LAW RELATING TO

children, the princess See also:

• ELIZABETH
• ELIZABETH (1533-1603)
• ELIZABETH (1596-1662)
• ELIZABETH (1635–1650)
• ELIZABETH [ AMELIE EUGENIE ] (1837—1898)
• ELIZABETH [1lisabeth Philippine Marie Helene of France] (1764—1794)
• ELIZABETH [PAULINE ELIZABETH OTTILIE LOUISE] (1843– )
• ELIZABETH [PETROVNA] (1709-1762), EMPRESS
• ELIZABETH, SAINT (1207-1231)

Elizabeth and the See also:

• DUKE (corresponding to Fr. duc, Ital. duca, Ger. Herzog)

duke of See also:

• GLOUCESTER
• GLOUCESTER (abbreviated as pronounced Glo'ster)
• GLOUCESTER, EARLS AND DUKES OF
• GLOUCESTER, GILBERT DE CLARE, EARL OF (1243-1295)
• GLOUCESTER, RICHARD DE CLARE, EARL OF (1222-1262)
• GLOUCESTER, ROBERT, EARL OF (d. 1147)
• GLOUCESTER, THOMAS OF WOODSTOCK, DUKE

Gloucester, the former dying there from the effects of a chill after only a few See also:

• WEEKS, EDWIN LORD (1849-1903)

weeks of captivity . The lordship of the island was granted by See also:

• WILLIAM
• WILLIAM (1143-1214)
• WILLIAM (1227-1256)
• WILLIAM (1J33-1584)
• WILLIAM (A.S. Wilhelm, O. Norse Vilhidlmr; O. H. Ger. Willahelm, Willahalm, M. H. Ger. Willehelm, Willehalm, Mod.Ger. Wilhelm; Du. Willem; O. Fr. Villalme, Mod. Fr. Guillaume; from " will," Goth. vilja, and " helm," Goth. hilms, Old Norse hidlmr, meaning
• WILLIAM (c. 1130-C. 1190)
• WILLIAM, 13TH

William the Conqueror to William Fitz-Osbern, but escheated to the See also:

• CROWN

crown by the See also:

• TREASON (Fr. trahison, Lat. traditio)

treason of See also:

• ROGER (d. 1139)
• ROGER (d. 1181)

Roger, son of William, and was bestowed by Henry I. on See also:

• BALDWIN, JAMES MARK (1861– )
• BALDWIN, ROBERT (1804–1858)

Baldwin de Redvers, whose descendant Isabella de Fortibus sold it to Edward I. in 1293 for 6000 marks . Hence-forth the island was governed by wardens appointed by the crown, who in the reign of Henry VII. were styled captains, a See also:

• TITLE (0. Fr. title, mod. titre, from Lat. titulus)

title revived in 1889 in the See also:

• PERSON, OFFENCES AGAINST THE

person of Prince Henry of Battenberg . The ancient See also:

• PLACE (through Fr. from Lat. platea, street; Gr. IrAar6s, wide)

place of See also:

• ASSEMBLY, UNLAWFUL

assembly for the freemen of the island was at Shide See also:

• BRIDGE

Bridge near Newport, and at Newport also was held the Knighten See also:

• COURT
• COURT (from the O. Fr. court, Late Lat. cortis, curtis, a popular form of class. Lat. cohors, gen. cohortis; the mod. Fr. form tour is due to the influence of the Lat. curia, the word used in medieval documents to translate " court " in the feudal sense)
• COURT, ANTOINE (1696-176o)

Court, in which cases of small See also:

• DEBT (Lat. debitum, a thing owed)

debt and trespasses were judged by those who held a See also:

• KNIGHT, CHARLES (1791-1873)
• KNIGHT, DANIEL RIDGWAY (1845– )
• KNIGHT, JOHN BUXTON (1843–1908)

knight's See also:

• FEE

fee or part of a knight's fee of Carisbrooke Castle . The feudal tenants held their lands for the service of escorting their lords into and out of the island, and of serving See also:

• FORTY

forty days at their own cost in defence of Carisbrooke Castle .

In the Domesday Survey twenty-nine See also:

• MILLS, JOHN (d. 1736)
• MILLS, ROGER QUARLES (1832– )

mills are mentioned, and See also:

• SALT (a common Teutonic word, cf. Dutch zout, Ger. Salz, Scand. salt; cognate with Gr. &Xs, Lat. sal)
• SALT, SIR TITUS, BART

salt-See also:

• WORKS

works at Boarhunt, Bowcombe, Watching-well and See also:

• WHITFIELD, JOHN CLARKE (177o-1836)

Whitfield . The island quarries have been worked from remote times, that of Quarr supplying material for Winchester See also:

• CATHEDRAL

cathedral . Alum was collected at Parkhurst Forest in 1579 . Alum and sand for See also:

• GLASS
• GLASS (O.E. glees, cf. Ger. Glas, perhaps derived from an old Teutonic root gla-, a variant of glo-, having the general sense of shining, cf. " glare," " glow ")
• GLASS, STAINED

glass-making were formerly obtained at Alum Bay . In 1295 the See also:

• UNITED

united boroughs of Yarmouth and Newport made an isolated return of two members to parliament . From 1584 the boroughs of Lymington, Newport, Newtown ,and Yarmouth returned two members each, until under the See also:

• ACT (Lat. actus, actum)

act of 1832 the two last were disfranchised . By the act of 1868 Lymington and Newport lost one member each, and by the act of 1885 were disfranchised . Antiquities.—See also:

• EARLY
• EARLY, JUBAL ANDERSON (1816-1894)

Early antiquities include British See also:

• PIT (O. E. pytt, cognate with Du. put, Ger. Pfutze, &c., all ultimately adaptations of Lat. puteus, well, formed from root pu-, to cleanse, whence gurus, clean, pure)

pit villages near . Rowborough, See also:

• CELTIC

Celtic tumuli on several of the chalk downs, and the so-called See also:

• LONG, GEORGE (1800-1879)
• LONG, JOHN DAVIS (1838– )

Long See also:

• STONE
• STONE (0. Eng. shin; the word is common to Teutonic languages, cf. Ger. Stein, Du. steen, Dan. and Swed. sten; the root is also seen in Gr. aria, pebble)
• STONE, CHARLES POMEROY (1824-1887)
• STONE, EDWARD JAMES (1831-1897)
• STONE, FRANK (1800-1859)
• STONE, GEORGE (1708—1764)
• STONE, LUCY [BLACKWELL] (1818-1893)
• STONE, MARCUS (184o— )
• STONE, NICHOLAS (1586-1647)

Stone at Mottiston, a lofty See also:

• SANDSTONE

sandstone monolith . The Roman See also:

• VILLA

villa near Brading contains some beautiful and well-preserved examples of tesselated pavements . Carisbrooke Castle is a beautiful ruin built upon the site of an ancient British stronghold . There are slight remains of Quarr See also:

• ABBEY (Lat. abbatia; from Syr. abba, father)
• ABBEY, EDWIN AUSTIN (1852– )

Abbey near Ryde, founded for See also:

• BENEDICTINES, or BLACK MONKS

Benedictines (afterwards See also:

• CISTERCIANS

Cistercians) by Baldwin de Redvers in the first See also:

• HALF

half of the 12th century .

The most noteworthy ancient churches are those of Bonchurch (See also:

• NORMAN
• NORMAN, SIR HENRY WYLIE (1826-1904)

Norman), Brading (transitional Norman and Early See also:

• ENGLISH

English), Shalfleet (Norman and Decorated), and Carisbrooke, of various styles . See Victoria County History, Hampshire; See also:

• SIR

Sir R . See also:

• WORSLEY
• WORSLEY, PHILIP STANHOPE (1835-1866)

Worsley, The History of the Isle of Wight (London, 1781) ; Richard See also:

• WARNER, OLIN LEVI (1844-1896)
• WARNER, SETH (1743-1784)
• WARNER, WILLIAM (1558?-16o9)

Warner, The History of the Isle of Wight (Southampton, 1795) ; B . B . See also:

• WOODWARD, JOHN
• WOODWARD, SAMUEL (179o-1838)

Woodward, History of Hampshire, including the Isle of Wight (3 vols., London, 1861–1869) ; See also:

• PERCY (FAMILY)
• PERCY, SIR HENRY
• PERCY, THOMAS (1729-1811)
• PERCY, THOMAS (c. 156o-16os)

Percy Stone, Architectural History of the Isle of Wight (London, 1891) .