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THOMAS WILSON (c. 1525-1581)

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Originally appearing in Volume V28, Page 696 of the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica.
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THOMAS See also:WILSON (c. 1525-1581)  , See also:English statesman and critic, the son of See also:Thomas See also:Wilson of Strubby, in See also:Lincolnshire,was See also:born about 1525 . He was educated at See also:Eton and See also:King's See also:College, See also:Cambridge, where he joined the school of Hellenists to which See also:Cheke, Thomas See also:Smith, See also:Walter Haddon and others belonged . He graduated B.A. in 1546 and M.A. in 1549• In 1551 he produced, in See also:conjunction with Walter Haddon, a Latin See also:life of See also:Henry and See also:Charles See also:Brandon, See also:dukes of See also:Suffolk . His earliest See also:work of importance was The See also:Rule of See also:Reason, conteinynge the Arte of Logique set forth in Englishe (1551) ,which was frequently reprinted . It has been maintained that the See also:book on which Wilson's fame mainly rests, The Arte of Rhetorique, was printed about the same See also:time, but this is probably an See also:error: the first edition extant is dated See also:January 1553 . It is the earliest systematic work of See also:literary See also:criticism existing in the English See also:language . Wilson threw in his See also:lot with the See also:Dudley See also:family, and when they See also:fell, he fled to the See also:Continent . He was with See also:Sir See also:John Cheke in See also:Padua in 1555-1557, and afterwards at See also:Rome, whither in 1558 See also:Queen See also:Mary wrote, ordering him to return to See also:England to stand his trial as a heretic . He refused to come, but was arrested by the See also:Roman See also:Inquisition and tortured . He escaped, and fled to See also:Ferrara, but in 156o he was once more in See also:London . Wilson became See also:Master of St Katherine's See also:Hospital in the See also:Tower, and entered See also:parliament in January 1563 . In 1570 he published a See also:translation, the first attempted in English, of the Olynthiacs and See also:Philippics of See also:Demosthenes, on which he had been engaged since 1556 .

His Discourse upon See also:

Usury appeared in 1572 . From 1574 to 1577, Wilson, who had now become a prominent See also:person in the See also:diplomatic See also:world, was principally engaged on embassies to the See also:Low Countries, and on his return to England he was made a privy councillor and sworn secretary of See also:state; See also:Walsingham was his colleague . In 1580, although he was not in See also:holy orders, Queen See also:Elizabeth made Wilson See also:dean of See also:Durham . He died at St Katherine's Hospital on the 16th of See also:June 1581, and was buried next See also:day, " without See also:charge or pomp," at his See also:express wish . The Arte of Rhetorique gives Wilson a high See also:place among the earliest artificers of English See also:style; and it is interesting to see that he was opposed to pedantry of phrase, and above all to a revival of uncouth See also:medieval forms of speech, and encouraged a simpler manner of See also:prose See also:writing than was generally appreciated in the See also:middle of the 16th See also:century .

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