WILTON  , a See also:

• MARKET (Lat. mercatus, trade or place of trade)

market See also:

• TOWN

town and municipal See also:

• BOROUGH (A.S. nominative burh, dative byrig, which produces some of the place-names ending in bury, a sheltered or fortified place, the camp of refuge of a tribe, the stronghold of a chieftain; cf. Ger. Burg, Fr. bor, bore, bourg)
• BOROUGH [BURROUGH, BURROWE, BORROWS], STEVEN (1525–1584)

borough in the Wilton See also:

• PARLIAMENTARY

parliamentary See also:

• DIVISION (from Lat. dividere, to break up into parts, separate)

division of See also:

• WILTSHIRE [WILTS]

Wiltshire, See also:

• ENGLAND
• ENGLAND, THE CHURCH OF

England, 86 m . W. by S. of See also:

• LONDON

London, on the London & See also:

• SOUTH
• SOUTH, ROBERT (1634–1716)

South-Western and See also:

• GREAT

Great Western See also:

• RAILWAYS

railways . Pop . (19or) 2203 . It lies among the pastures beside the See also:

• RIVERS
• RIVERS, ANTHONY WOODVILLE, or WYDEVILLE, 2ND EARL (c. 1442—1483)
• RIVERS, EARL
• RIVERS, RICHARD SAVAGE, 4TH EARL (c. 1660—1712)

rivers Nadder and Wylye . The See also:

• CHURCH
• CHURCH (according to most authorities derived from the Gr. Kvpcaxov [&wµa], " the Lord's [house]," and common to many Teutonic, Slavonic and other languages under various forms—Scottish kirk, Ger. Kirche, Swed. kirka, Dan. kirke, Russ. tserkov, Buig. cerk
• CHURCH, FREDERICK EDWIN (1826-1900)
• CHURCH, GEORGE EARL (1835–1910)
• CHURCH, RICHARD WILLIAM (1815–189o)
• CHURCH, SIR RICHARD (1784–1873)

church of St See also:

• MARY
• MARY (1457-1482)
• MARY (1496-1533)
• MARY, QUEEN OF SCOTS

Mary and St See also:

• NICHOLAS
• NICHOLAS (1841– )
• NICHOLAS (or NICLAES), HENRY (or HENDRIK) (c. 1501-C. 158o)
• NICHOLAS, SIR EDWARD (1593-1669)
• NICHOLAS, ST

Nicholas was built in 1844 by See also:

• LORD
• LORD (O. Eng. hldford, i.e. hldfweard, the warder or keeper of bread, hlIf, loaf; the word is not represented in any other Teutonic language)
• LORD, JOHN (1810-1894)

Lord See also:

• HERBERT (FAMILY)
• HERBERT, GEORGE (1593-1633)
• HERBERT, HENRY WILLIAM
• HERBERT, SIR THOMAS (1606-1682)

Herbert of See also:

• LEA, HENRY CHARLES (1825–1909)

Lea, in a Romanesque See also:

• STYLE
• STYLE (from Gr. a-6'1ms, a column; a different word from that used in literature, see below)

style, richly adorned with See also:

• MARBLES

marbles and mosaics . The central entrance is upheld by See also:

• TWISTED

twisted columns based upon See also:

• STONE
• STONE (0. Eng. shin; the word is common to Teutonic languages, cf. Ger. Stein, Du. steen, Dan. and Swed. sten; the root is also seen in Gr. aria, pebble)
• STONE, CHARLES POMEROY (1824-1887)
• STONE, EDWARD JAMES (1831-1897)
• STONE, FRANK (1800-1859)
• STONE, GEORGE (1708—1764)
• STONE, LUCY [BLACKWELL] (1818-1893)
• STONE, MARCUS (184o— )
• STONE, NICHOLAS (1586-1647)

stone lions . The See also:

• BELFRY (Mid. Eng. berfrey, through Med. Lat. berefredus, from Teut. bergfrid or bercvrit, which, according to the New Eng. Dict., is a combination of bergen, to protect, and frida, safety or peace; the word thus meaning a shelter; the change from r to 1,—

belfry is detached . Wilton See also:

• HOUSE
• HOUSE (O. Eng. hiss, a word common to Teutonic languages, cf. Dut. huis, Ger. Haus; in Gothic it is only found in gudhiss, a temple; it may be ultimately connected with the root of " hide," conceal)

House, a little to the south, was founded by See also:

• WILLIAM
• WILLIAM (1143-1214)
• WILLIAM (1227-1256)
• WILLIAM (1J33-1584)
• WILLIAM (A.S. Wilhelm, O. Norse Vilhidlmr; O. H. Ger. Willahelm, Willahalm, M. H. Ger. Willehelm, Willehalm, Mod.Ger. Wilhelm; Du. Willem; O. Fr. Villalme, Mod. Fr. Guillaume; from " will," Goth. vilja, and " helm," Goth. hilms, Old Norse hidlmr, meaning
• WILLIAM (c. 1130-C. 1190)
• WILLIAM, 13TH

William Herbert, first See also:

• EARL

earl of Pembrokeby the second creation, on the estates of the dissolved See also:

• CONVENT (Lat. conventus, from convenire, to come together)

convent, which were granted him by See also:

• HENRY
• HENRY (1129-1195)
• HENRY (c. 1108-1139)
• HENRY (c. 1174–1216)
• HENRY (Fr. Henri; Span. Enrique; Ger. Heinrich; Mid. H. Ger. Heinrich and Heimrich; O.H.G. Haimi- or Heimirih, i.e. " prince, or chief of the house," from O.H.G. heim, the Eng. home, and rih, Goth. reiks; compare Lat. rex " king "—" rich," therefore " mig
• HENRY, EDWARD LAMSON (1841– )
• HENRY, JAMES (1798-1876)
• HENRY, JOSEPH (1797-1878)
• HENRY, MATTHEW (1662-1714)
• HENRY, PATRICK (1736–1799)
• HENRY, PRINCE OF BATTENBERG (1858-1896)
• HENRY, ROBERT (1718-1790)
• HENRY, VICTOR (1850– )
• HENRY, WILLIAM (1795-1836)

Henry VIII . Tradition says that See also:

• SHAKESPEARE, WILLIAM (1564-1616)

Shakespeare and his See also:

• COMPANY

company played here before See also:

• JAMES
• JAMES (Gr. 'IlrKw,l3or, the Heb. Ya`akob or Jacob)
• JAMES (JAMES FRANCIS EDWARD STUART) (1688-1766)
• JAMES, 2ND EARL OF DOUGLAS AND MAR(c. 1358–1388)
• JAMES, DAVID (1839-1893)
• JAMES, EPISTLE OF
• JAMES, GEORGE PAYNE RAINSFOP
• JAMES, HENRY (1843— )
• JAMES, JOHN ANGELL (1785-1859)
• JAMES, THOMAS (c. 1573–1629)
• JAMES, WILLIAM (1842–1910)
• JAMES, WILLIAM (d. 1827)

James I. in 1603, and the house is See also:

• RICH, BARNABE (c. 1540-1617)
• RICH, CLAUDIUS JAMES (1787-1821)
• RICH, JOHN (1692-1761)
• RICH, PENELOPE, LADY (c. 1562–1607)
• RICH, RICHARD, 1ST BARON RICH (1490?-1567)

rich in memories of See also:

• SIR

Sir See also:

• PHILIP
• PHILIP (Gr.'FiXtrsro , fond of horses, from dn)^eiv, to love, and limos, horse; Lat. Philip pus, whence e.g. M. H. Ger. Philippes, Dutch Filips, and, with dropping of the final s, It. Filippo, Fr. Philippe, Ger. Philipp, Sp. Felipe)
• PHILIP, JOHN (1775-1851)
• PHILIP, KING (c. 1639-1676)
• PHILIP, LANOGRAVE OF HESSE (1504-1567)

Philip See also:

• SIDNEY
• SIDNEY (or SYDNEY), ALGERNON (1622-1683)
• SIDNEY, SIR HENRY (1529-1586)
• SIDNEY, SIR PHILIP (1554-1586)

Sidney the poet and soldier, of the artists See also:

• HOLBEIN, HANS

Holbein and Vandyck, of the dramatists See also:

• JONSON

Jonson and See also:

• MASSINGER, PHILIP (1583-1640)

Massinger, whose See also:

• FATHER

father was steward here, and of Inigo See also:

• JONES
• JONES, ALFRED GILPIN (1824-1906)
• JONES, EBENEZER (182o-186o)
• JONES, ERNEST CHARLES (1819-1869)
• JONES, HENRY (1831-1899)
• JONES, HENRY ARTHUR (1851- )
• JONES, INIGO (1573-1651)
• JONES, JOHN (c. 1800-1882)
• JONES, MICHAEL (d. 1649)
• JONES, OWEN (1741-1814)
• JONES, OWEN (1809-1874)
• JONES, RICHARD (179o-1855)
• JONES, SIR ALFRED LEWIS (1845-1909)
• JONES, SIR WILLIAM (1746-1794)
• JONES, THOMAS RUPERT (1819– )
• JONES, WILLIAM (1726-1800)

Jones the architect . The first See also:

• FOLIO (properly the ablative case of the Lat. folium, leaf, but also frequently an adaptation of the Ital. foglio)

folio edition of Shakespeare was dedicated, seven years after the poet's See also:

• DEATH

death, to the third earl and his See also:

• BROTHER

brother . In style Wilton House is See also:

• ITALIAN

Italian of the 16th See also:

• CENTURY (from Lat. centuria, a division of a hundred men)

century, with a See also:

• PORCH (through the Fr. porehe, from Lat. porticus; the Ital. equivalent is portico, corresponding to the Gr. vapOi ; Ger. Vorhalle)

porch added by Holbein .

The See also:

• GARDEN (from O. Fr. garden, mod. Fr. jardin; this, like our words " garth," a paddock attached to a building, and " yard," comes from a Teutonic word for an enclosure which appears in Gothic as gards and O. H. Ger. gart, cf. Dutch gaarde and Ger. .garten)

garden front was rebuilt and other changes made by the See also:

• ADVICE (Fr. avis, from Lat. ad, to, and visum, viewed)

advice of See also:

• CHARLES
• CHARLES (1270-1325)
• CHARLES (1421-1461)
• CHARLES (1525-1574)
• CHARLES (c. 1319-1364)
• CHARLES (Fr. Charles; Span. Carlos; Ital. Carlo; Ger. Karl; derived from O.H.G. Charal,latinized as Carolus, meaning originally " man ": cf. Mod.Ger., Kerl," fellow," A.S. ceorl, Mod. Eng. " churl ")
• CHARLES (KARL EITEL ZEPHYRIN LUDWIG; in Rum. CAROL)
• CHARLES [KARL ALEXANDER] (1712-1780)
• CHARLES, ELIZABETH (1828-1896)
• CHARLES, JACQUES ALEXANDRE CESAR (1746-1823)
• CHARLES, THOMAS (1755-1814)

Charles I., a frequent visitor; and many subsequent alterations were made . The See also:

• ART

art collections include the marbles gathered together by the eighth earl . See also:

• CARPET

Carpet-making forms the See also:

• MAIN (from the Aryan root which appears in " may " and " might," and Lat. magnus, great)
• MAIN (Lat. Moenus)

main See also:

• INDUSTRY (Lat. industria, from indu-, a form of the pre, position in, and either stare, to stand, or struere, to pile up)

industry of Wilton; the most famous fabrics being those known as Wilton carpets; See also:

• SAXONY
• SAXONY (Ger. Provinz Sachsen)

Saxony carpets made of See also:

• SHORT, FRANCIS JOB (1857– )

short-See also:

• STAPLE

staple See also:

• WOOL, WORSTED AND WOOLLEN MANUFACTURES

wool; and the rich and durable Axminsters, See also:

• LONG, GEORGE (1800-1879)
• LONG, JOHN DAVIS (1838– )

long See also:

• WOVEN

woven by See also:

• HAND
• HAND (a word common to Teutonic languages; cf. Ger. Hand, Goth. handus)
• HAND, FERDINAND GOTTHELF (1786-185r)

hand at See also:

• AXMINSTER

Axminster in See also:

• DEVONSHIRE (DEvoN)
• DEVONSHIRE, EARLS AND DUKES OF

Devonshire . It is also an important centre for the See also:

• SALE
• SALE, GEORGE (c. 1697-1736)
• SALE, SIR ROBERT HENRY (1782—1845)

sale of See also:

• SHEEP
• SHEEP (from the Anglo-Saxon sceap, a word common in various forms to Teutonic languages; e.g. the German Schaf)

sheep . The town is governed by a See also:

• MAYOR (Lat. major, greater)
• MAYOR, JOHN EYTON BICKERSTETH (1825– )

mayor, 4 aldermen and 12 councillors . See also:

• AREA

Area, 1915 acres . A See also:

• CHANTRY (Fr. chanterie, from chanter, to sing; Med. Lat. cantuaria)

chantry was founded here about A.D . 800, afterwards changed into a priory of See also:

• BENEDICTINE

Benedictine sisters, and refounded by See also:

• ALFRED

Alfred . In 968 Wulftrude, a See also:

• MISTRESS

mistress of See also:

• KING
• KING (O. Eng. cyning, abbreviated into cyng, cing; cf. O. H. G. chun- kuning, chun- kunig, M.H.G. kiinic, kiinec, kiinc, Mod. Ger. Konig, O. Norse konungr, kongr, Swed. konung, kung)
• KING [OF OCKHAM], PETER KING, 1ST BARON (1669-1734)
• KING, CHARLES WILLIAM (1818-1888)
• KING, CLARENCE (1842–1901)
• KING, EDWARD (1612–1637)
• KING, EDWARD (1829–1910)
• KING, HENRY (1591-1669)
• KING, RUFUS (1755–1827)
• KING, THOMAS (1730–1805)
• KING, WILLIAM (1650-1729)
• KING, WILLIAM (1663–1712)

King See also:

• EDGAR (EADGAR)
• EDGAR, or EADGAR (c. 1050-c. 1130)

Edgar, became See also:

• ABBESS (Lat. abbatissa, fem. form of abbas, abbot)

abbess; and the same See also:

• OFFICE (from Lat. officium, " duty," " service," a shortened form of opifacium, from facere, " to do," and either the stem of opes, " wealth," " aid," or opus, " work ")

office was declined by her daughter Edith, who died at twenty-three . Miracles, it was said, were worked by Edith's remains, and she became See also:

• PATRON

patron See also:

• SAINT (lat. sanctus, " holy ")

saint of the convent, which afterwards gave shelter to many See also:

• NOBLE, SIR ANDREW (1832- )

noble ladies and survived until the See also:

• DISSOLUTION (from Lat. dissolvere, to break up into parts)

Dissolution . Its abbess was a baroness of England . Antiquaries have seen in Wilton the See also:

• CAPITAL (i.e. capital stock or fund)
• CAPITAL (Lat. caput, head)

capital of a See also:

• BRITISH

British See also:

• KINGDOM

kingdom .

It was certainly the See also:

• CHIEF (from Fr. chef, head, Lat. caput)

chief town of the Wilsaetas, or men of Wilts, whom Cynric the Saxon See also:

• LEADER, BENJAMIN WILLIAMS (1831– )

leader crushed in 556 . It afterwards became a See also:

• RESIDENCE (Latin residere, to remain behind, to dwell, reside)

residence of the Wessex See also:

• KINGS, FIRST AND SECOND BOOKS OF

kings; and here, in 871, Alfred was severely defeated by the Danes . Wilton was burned in 1003 by Sweyn, the Danish king . After the See also:

• CONQUEST

Conquest it ranked among the richest of royal boroughs . In 1141 See also:

• QUEEN
• QUEEN (O.E. cwen, wife, related to "quean," O.E. cwene, a hussy; cf. Gr. yvvi7: from root gan-, to produce; cf. genus, " kin," &c.)

Queen See also:

• MATILDA (1046-1115)
• MATILDA (1102-1164)

Matilda celebrated See also:

• EASTER

Easter here with great pomp, and two years later See also:

• STEPHEN
• STEPHEN (1097?-1154)
• STEPHEN (ISTVAN) BATHORY (1533-1586)
• STEPHEN, SIR JAMES (1789-1859)
• STEPHEN, SIR JAMES FITZJAMES, BART
• STEPHEN, SIR LESLIE (1832-1904)

Stephen, who came to found a See also:

• CASTLE
• CASTLE (Lat. castellum, a fort, diminutive of castra, a camp; Fr. chateau and chdtel)

castle, was driven off by her adherents . The prosperity of Wilton began to fail when Icknield See also:

• STREET
• STREET, GEORGE EDMUND (1824-1881)

Street, the great See also:

• HIGHWAY

highway of See also:

• COMMERCE
• COMMERCE (Lat. commercium, from, cum, together, and rnerx, merchandise)

commerce, was diverted to pass through See also:

• SALISBURY
• SALISBURY, EARLS OF
• SALISBURY, ROBERT ARTHUR TALBOT GASCOYNECECIL, 3RD MARQUESS OF (1830-1903)
• SALISBURY, ROBERT CECIL, 1ST EARL OF (c. 1565-1612)
• SALISBURY, THOMAS DE MONTACUTE, 4TH EARL OF (1388-1428)
• SALISBURY, WILLIAM LONGSWORD (or LONGESPEE), EARL OF (d. 1226)

Salisbury in 1224; and its decline was hastened by the See also:

• PLAGUE (in Gr. Xotµos; in Lat. pestis, pestilentia)

plague, by which a third of the townsfolk were swept away in 1349 . Wilton (Wylion, Wiltune) was a seat of the See also:

• WEST
• WEST, BENJAMIN (1738-1820)
• WEST, NICHOLAS (1461-1533)

West Saxon kings and a prosperous town until the removal thence in 1075 of the seat of the See also:

• BISHOP (A.S. bisceop, from Lat. episcopus, Gr. irio-Korros, " overlooker " or " overseer ")
• BISHOP, ISABELLA (1832-1904)
• BISHOP, SIR HENRY ROWLEY (1786-1855)

bishop of See also:

• SHERBORNE

Sherborne to Sarum . The excessive number of markets held at the latter town in the 13th century caused its further decline into a poor and unimportant See also:

• PLACE (through Fr. from Lat. platea, street; Gr. IrAar6s, wide)

place . Sweyn burnt and sacked it in 1003, consequently under See also:

• EDWARD

Edward the See also:

• CONFESSOR

Confessor it rendered only £22 . However, Domesday presents it as a valuable royal borough held in See also:

• FARM

farm by the burgesses for £50 . From 1204 onwards Wilton figures in various grants . See also:

• RICHARD
• RICHARD (d. 1184)
• RICHARD, FRANCOIS MARIE BENJAMIN (18,9-1908)
• RICHARD, HENRY (1812-1888)
• RICHARD, ST

Richard, earl of See also:

• CORNWALL

Cornwall, obtained it from Henry III., and William, earl of See also:

• PEMBROKE
• PEMBROKE (Penfro)
• PEMBROKE, EARLS OF

Pembroke, finally from See also:

• ELIZABETH
• ELIZABETH (1533-1603)
• ELIZABETH (1596-1662)
• ELIZABETH (1635–1650)
• ELIZABETH [ AMELIE EUGENIE ] (1837—1898)
• ELIZABETH [1lisabeth Philippine Marie Helene of France] (1764—1794)
• ELIZABETH [PAULINE ELIZABETH OTTILIE LOUISE] (1843– )
• ELIZABETH [PETROVNA] (1709-1762), EMPRESS
• ELIZABETH, SAINT (1207-1231)

Elizabeth .

The first See also:

• CHARTER (Lat. charta, carta, from Gr. Xap-rns, originally for papyrus, material for writing, thence transferred to paper and from this material to the document, in O. Eng. boc, book)

charter given by Henry I . (probably in lroi) granted franchises to the burgesses of the See also:

• MERCHANT (O. Fr. marcheant, modern marchand; from Lat. mercari, to trade, merx, goods, merchandise)

merchant gild and company of Wilton as enjoyed by London and See also:

• WINCHESTER
• WINCHESTER, EARLS AND MARQUESSES OF

Winchester, and was confirmed by succeeding monarchs from Henry II. to Henry VI . The See also:

• CORPORATION (from Lat. corporare, to form into a body, corpus, corporis)

corporation consisted in 1350 of a mayor, See also:

• RECORDER
• RECORDER, FIPPLE FLUTE

recorder, 5 aldermen, 3 capital burgesses, 11 See also:

• COMMON

common councilmen and other See also:

• OFFICERS

officers, the mayor being the returning officer . Two members were returned to See also:

• PARLIAMENT (Anglo-Lat. parliamentum, Fr. parlement, from parler, to speak)

parliament from 1293 to 1832 and one from 1832 to 1885, at which date Wilton lost its See also:

• SEPARATE

separate See also:

• REPRESENTATION

representation . In 1414 Henry V. granted a See also:

• FAIR

fair on See also:

• JULY

July 21 and 22 . This was cancelled in 1416 and another substituted on July 22 and the three preceding days . Two yearly fairs were obtained by the burgesses from Henry VII. for four days from See also:

• APRIL

April 23 and See also:

• SEPTEMBER (Lat. septem, seven)

September 1 . In 1792 the fair days were See also:

• NOVEMBER (Lat. novem, nine)

November 13, September 12 and May 4; the two latter are still held, that in September being one of the largest sheep fairs in the west of England . Henry III. granted three markets weekly on See also:

• MONDAY (in O.E. Monandaeg, the moon's day, a translation of the Late Lat. Lunae dies, from which the French lundi is taken)

Monday, Wednesday and See also:

• FRIDAY (A.S. frige-dreg, fr. frige, gen. of frigu, love, or the goddess of love—the Norse Frigg,—the dreg, day; cf. Icelandic frjddagr, O.H. Ger. friatag, frigatag, mod. Ger. Freitag)

Friday, and Henry VI., in 1433, one on Wednesday . The latter was still held in 1825, but had ceased in 1888 .